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Chabbi N, Labbassi S, Afi C, Chafiki S, Telmoudi M, Tiouidji FE, Wifaya A, Bouharroud R, Tahiri A, Qessaoui R, Bendiab K, Hsissou D, Ait Aabd N, Mimouni A. Mineral and Organic Fertilizers' Effect on the Growth of Young Argane Trees ( Argania spinosa L.) and Soil Properties under Vulnerable Conditions. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:2026. [PMID: 39124143 PMCID: PMC11314062 DOI: 10.3390/plants13152026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2024] [Revised: 07/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels is an endemic species to Morocco that has multiple uses. It plays multiple important roles in terms of its botanical, ecological, and economic properties. However, the domestication of this species will open up considerable economic opportunities for Morocco. Here, for the first time, we assessed the effect of different doses of compost and NPK fertilizers on the vegetative growth parameters, biochemical and antioxidant potential of the Argania spinosa plant, and soil properties. Over a two-year period (2022-2023), eight different treatments were applied across two experimental sites. These treatments included the following: T0 (Control), T1 (F1-80.50.70 g NPK/plant), T2 (F1-125.75.100 g NPK/plant), T3 (F2-160.100.140 g NPK/plant), T4 (F2-250.150.200 g NPK/plant), T5 (F1-2.5 kg/plant compost), T6 (F1-5 kg/plant compost), T7 (F2-5 kg/plant compost), and T8 (F2-10 kg/plant compost), with F1 and F2 being the frequencies of application. We compared several doses of fertilizers with no fertilization as a control. The results showed a significant influence of the compost and NPK fertilizer on the vegetative growth parameters. For the Tamjlojt site, the first year is important because treatments T3 and T4 significantly increased height by 71.94 ± 21.15% and 74.31 ± 12.31%, respectively. For the circumference, the results showed a significant improvement by the treatments T4 and T3, and T1 demonstrated the highest gain. For the collar diameter, all treatments showed a significant difference. The most notable difference was observed with treatments T3 and T7 with 115.63 ± 33.88% and 101.09 ± 20.84%, respectively. For the Rasmouka site, the second year was the most important. The treatments with the most important height increase were T7 and T8, with a value of 43.14 ± 10.06% and 36.44 ± 9.95%; the same was observed for collar diameter as a significant increase was found in T8 and T7 with a value of 55.05 ± 15.7% and 54.08 ± 9.64%. For the circumference parameter, the treatments that increased significantly this parameter were T8 and T7 with a value of 53.36 ± 15.11% and 50.34 ± 11.29% in 2023. In addition, the highest content of carbohydrates was recorded for the treatment T3 with a value of 148.89 ± 8.11 (mg EG/g). For phenolic determination, the highest value was 2532 ± 457.13 (µg GAE/mL), shown for treatment T1. For flavonoids, the treatments that showed a significant effect were T1 and T6 with a value of 2261.98 ± 184.61 and 1237.70 ± 95.65 (µg QE/mL), respectively. For the impact on soil properties, the electrical conductivity, at the Tamjlojt site, treatment T1 showed a significant increase to 1139.00 ± 241.30 (ms/cm), while at the Rasmouka site, treatment T8 showed a significant increase to 303.33 ± 9.33 (ms/cm). Concerning organic carbon, all treatments resulted in increased percentages of this parameter in the soil. For the Tamjlojt site, the T7 treatment had a significant positive effect on this parameter with a value of 0.87 ± 0.12%. For the Rasmouka site, the T3 treatment increased the percentage of organic carbon with a value of 1.17 ± 0.07%. In addition, the organic matter content showed an improvement with a value of 2.02 ± 0.12%. As there are no previous studies in Argania spinosa fertilization, this study greatly contributes to our understanding of the benefits of using different fertilizers at different doses, in particular T8 and T7 as organic fertilizers and T3, T4 as chemical ones, on argan growth, the biochemical and antioxidant properties of leaves, and its soil properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naima Chabbi
- Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Agadir, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), Avenue Ennasr, BP415 Rabat Principale, Rabat 10090, Morocco
- Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Bioengineering, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology-Gueliz, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
| | - Said Labbassi
- Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Agadir, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), Avenue Ennasr, BP415 Rabat Principale, Rabat 10090, Morocco
- Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Bioengineering, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology-Gueliz, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
| | - Chaima Afi
- Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Agadir, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), Avenue Ennasr, BP415 Rabat Principale, Rabat 10090, Morocco
- Laboratory of Biotechnology and Valorization of Natural Resources (LBVRN), Faculty of Sciences, Ibn Zohr University, Agadir 80000, Morocco
| | - Salahddine Chafiki
- Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Agadir, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), Avenue Ennasr, BP415 Rabat Principale, Rabat 10090, Morocco
- AgroBioSciences Department, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Lot 660, Hay Moulay Rachid, Ben Guerir 43150, Morocco
| | - Maryem Telmoudi
- Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Agadir, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), Avenue Ennasr, BP415 Rabat Principale, Rabat 10090, Morocco
- Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Bioengineering, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology-Gueliz, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
| | - Fatima Ezzahra Tiouidji
- Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Agadir, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), Avenue Ennasr, BP415 Rabat Principale, Rabat 10090, Morocco
- Laboratory of Environmental, Ecological and Agro-Industrial Engineering (LGEEAI), Faculty of Science and Technology of Beni Mellal, Sultane Molay Slimane University, Beni Mellal 23000, Morocco
| | - Ahmed Wifaya
- Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Agadir, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), Avenue Ennasr, BP415 Rabat Principale, Rabat 10090, Morocco
| | - Rachid Bouharroud
- Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Agadir, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), Avenue Ennasr, BP415 Rabat Principale, Rabat 10090, Morocco
| | - Abdelghani Tahiri
- Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Agadir, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), Avenue Ennasr, BP415 Rabat Principale, Rabat 10090, Morocco
| | - Redouan Qessaoui
- Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Agadir, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), Avenue Ennasr, BP415 Rabat Principale, Rabat 10090, Morocco
| | - Khadija Bendiab
- Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Bioengineering, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology-Gueliz, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
| | - Driss Hsissou
- Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology and Bioengineering, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology-Gueliz, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesh 40000, Morocco
| | - Naima Ait Aabd
- Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Agadir, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), Avenue Ennasr, BP415 Rabat Principale, Rabat 10090, Morocco
| | - Abdelaziz Mimouni
- Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Agadir, National Institute of Agricultural Research (INRA), Avenue Ennasr, BP415 Rabat Principale, Rabat 10090, Morocco
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Jiao H, Wu S, Li J, Sun Y. Effects of Pelletized and Coated Organic Fertilizers on Flavor Compounds of Tomato Fruits and Leaves. Foods 2024; 13:1653. [PMID: 38890880 PMCID: PMC11171810 DOI: 10.3390/foods13111653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The application of organic fertilizers is one of the most important agricultural measures aimed at improving the flavor and productivity of Lycopersicon esculentum, with the granulation and coating of organic fertilizers, which can reduce seepage losses of great significance to the ecosystem. In this study, Jingcai 8 tomato was selected as the test material. Headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) methods were used to investigate the effects of different pelletized organic fertilizers and various coating materials on the flavor profile of the tomatoes. The results indicated that 67 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were identified in the tomato fruits and 62 volatile compounds were identified in the leaves under different fertilizer treatments. The volatile compound content of the fruits in the BP treatment group was 35.38 μg/g, which was higher than that in other treatment groups, and the volatile compound content of the leaves was lower. A differential compound analysis with log2|fold change| ≥ 1 and variable important in projection (VIP) > 1 highlighted styrene, 3-methyl-1-butanol, and (E, E)-2,4-hexadienal as the major up-regulated compounds and methyl salicylate as the major down-regulated compound in the tomato fruit BCK (control) vs. BP. Moreover, the α-phellandrene content decreased in the tomato leaves. In addition, an analysis of the tomato fruit differential compounds and compounds with odor activity values (OAV) of ≥ 1, considering the OAV values of characteristic aroma compounds, identified key compounds affecting the flavor of the tomato fruits under the BP treatment. These included 2-nonenal, (E)-2-pentylfuran, trans-β-ionone, 1-penten-3-one, (E, E)-2,4-hexadienal, and 3-hexenol (fruity, floral, and herbaceous odors), (E, E)-2,4-heptadienal (fatty odor), and hexanal (green odor). The combined results analysis of the volatile compound content, differential compounds, and OAV values of characteristic aroma compounds aimed to clarify that the BP treatment group, which applied pelletized, large-grain organic fertilizer with polyurethane (pozzolanic + small-grain oil-coated + 2% paraffinic + 4% polyurethane) as a coating material, proved to be most effective in influencing the flavor of the tomato fruits. This finding lays the foundation for its potential commercial application in artificial orchards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiying Jiao
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, China Agricultural University-Sichuan Advanced Agricultural & Industrial Institute, Chengdu 611430, China;
| | - Sijia Wu
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100091, China;
| | - Jingming Li
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, China Agricultural University-Sichuan Advanced Agricultural & Industrial Institute, Chengdu 611430, China;
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100091, China;
| | - Yanxin Sun
- Institute of Plant Nutrition, Resource and Environment, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China
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Cruz-Carrión Á, Ruiz de Azua MJ, Muguerza B, Mulero M, Bravo FI, Arola-Arnal A, Suarez M. Organic vs. Non-Organic Plant-Based Foods-A Comparative Study on Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Capacity. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:183. [PMID: 36616310 PMCID: PMC9824154 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
A plant's stress response involves the production of phytochemicals, including phenolic compounds. Their synthesis can be modulated by organic (ORG) or non-organic (NORG) farming systems in which they are grown. To examine this issue, thirteen plant-based foods cultivated in ORG and NORG systems were compared in terms of antioxidant capacity, total content of phenolics, anthocyanins, flavan-3-ols and flavonols. The results showed that NORG fruits tended to have higher phenolic compounds content, whereas ORG fruits had more antioxidant capacity. NORG legume stood out for having higher values from all the parameters analyzed in comparison to its ORG equivalent. ORG nuts showed more flavan-3-ols and flavonols than their NORG counterparts, nonetheless, tended to be less antioxidant. ORG vegetables displayed higher phenolics and anthocyanins, which reflected in higher antioxidant capacity than NORG ones. These findings suggest that farming systems differentially modulate phenolic compound composition and antioxidant capacity based on the plant species studied.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Anna Arola-Arnal
- Correspondence: (A.A.-A.); (M.S.); Tel.: +34-977-55-86-30 (A.A.-A. & M.S.)
| | - Manuel Suarez
- Correspondence: (A.A.-A.); (M.S.); Tel.: +34-977-55-86-30 (A.A.-A. & M.S.)
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