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Chen Q, Kalpoe T, Jovanova J. Design of mechanically intelligent structures: Review of modelling stimuli-responsive materials for adaptive structures. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34026. [PMID: 39113988 PMCID: PMC11304024 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Smart materials are upcoming in many industries due to their unique properties and wide range of applicability. These materials have the potential to transform traditional engineering practices by enabling the development of more efficient, adaptive, and responsive systems. However, smart materials are characterized by nonlinear behaviour and complex constitutive models, posing challenges in modelling and simulation. Therefore, understanding their mechanical properties is crucial for model-based design. This review aims for advancements in numerically implementing various smart materials, especially focusing on their nonlinear deformation behaviours. Different mechanisms and functionalities, classification, constitutive models and applications of smart materials were analyzed. In addition, different numerical approaches for modelling across scales were investigated. This review also explored the strategies and implementations for mechanically intelligent structures using smart materials. In conclusion, the potential model-based design methodology for the multiple smart material-based structures is proposed, which provides guidance for the future development of mechanically intelligent structures in industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyi Chen
- Department of Maritime and Transport Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, 2628CD, the Netherlands
| | - Tarish Kalpoe
- Department of Maritime and Transport Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, 2628CD, the Netherlands
| | - Jovana Jovanova
- Department of Maritime and Transport Technology, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, 2628CD, the Netherlands
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2
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Guerreiro BM, Dionísio MM, Lima JC, Silva JC, Freitas F. Cryoprotective Polysaccharides with Ordered Gel Structures Induce Ice Growth Anticipation and Survival Enhancement during Cell Cryopreservation. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:3384-3397. [PMID: 38739855 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.4c00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
This work cross-correlated rheological, thermodynamic, and conformational features of several natural polysaccharides to their cryoprotective performance. The basis of cryoprotection of FucoPol, pectin, and agar revealed a causal combination of (i) an emerging sol-gel transition (p = 0.014) at near-hypothermia (4 °C), (ii) noncolligative attenuated supercooling of the kinetic freezing point of water (p = 0.026) supporting ice growth anticipation, and (iii) increased conformational order (p < 0.0001), where helix-/sheet-like features boost cryoprotection. FucoPol, of highest cryoprotective performance, revealed a predominantly helical structure (α/β = 1.5) capable of forming a gel state at 4 °C and the highest degree of supercooling attenuation (TH = 6.2 °C). Ice growth anticipation with gel-like polysaccharides suggests that the gel matrix neutralizes elastic deformations and lethal cell volumetric fluctuations during freezing, thus preventing the loss of homeostasis and increasing post-thaw viability. Ultimately, structured gels capable of attenuated supercooling enable cryoprotective action at the polymer-cell interface, in addition to polymer-ice interactions. This rationale potentiates implementing alternative, biobased, noncytotoxic polymers in cryobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno M Guerreiro
- UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica 2829-516, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica 2829-516, Portugal
| | - M Madalena Dionísio
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica 2829-516, Portugal
| | - João Carlos Lima
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Jorge Carvalho Silva
- CENIMAT/I3N, Department of Physics, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica 2829-516, Portugal
| | - Filomena Freitas
- UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica 2829-516, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica 2829-516, Portugal
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3
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G Lopez C, Matsumoto A, Shen AQ. Dilute polyelectrolyte solutions: recent progress and open questions. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:2635-2687. [PMID: 38427030 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm00468f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Polyelectrolytes are a class of polymers possessing ionic groups on their repeating units. Since counterions can dissociate from the polymer backbone, polyelectrolyte chains are strongly influenced by electrostatic interactions. As a result, the physical properties of polyelectrolyte solutions are significantly different from those of electrically neutral polymers. The aim of this article is to highlight key results and some outstanding questions in the polyelectrolyte research from recent literature. We focus on the influence of electrostatics on conformational and hydrodynamic properties of polyelectrolyte chains. A compilation of experimental results from the literature reveals significant disparities with theoretical predictions. We also discuss a new class of polyelectrolytes called poly(ionic liquid)s that exhibit unique physical properties in comparison to ordinary polyelectrolytes. We conclude this review by listing some key research challenges in order to fully understand the conformation and dynamics of polyelectrolytes in solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos G Lopez
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, 52056, Germany
| | - Atsushi Matsumoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Fukui, 3-9-1 Bunkyo, Fukui City, Fukui 910-8507, Japan.
| | - Amy Q Shen
- Micro/Bio/Nanofluidics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-son, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan.
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Marabelli C, Santiago DJ, Priori SG. The Structural-Functional Crosstalk of the Calsequestrin System: Insights and Pathological Implications. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1693. [PMID: 38136565 PMCID: PMC10741413 DOI: 10.3390/biom13121693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Calsequestrin (CASQ) is a key intra-sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-handling protein that plays a pivotal role in the contraction of cardiac and skeletal muscles. Its Ca2+-dependent polymerization dynamics shape the translation of electric excitation signals to the Ca2+-induced contraction of the actin-myosin architecture. Mutations in CASQ are linked to life-threatening pathological conditions, including tubular aggregate myopathy, malignant hyperthermia, and Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia (CPVT). The variability in the penetrance of these phenotypes and the lack of a clear understanding of the disease mechanisms associated with CASQ mutations pose a major challenge to the development of effective therapeutic strategies. In vitro studies have mainly focused on the polymerization and Ca2+-buffering properties of CASQ but have provided little insight into the complex interplay of structural and functional changes that underlie disease. In this review, the biochemical and structural natures of CASQ are explored in-depth, while emphasizing their direct and indirect consequences for muscle Ca2+ physiology. We propose a novel functional classification of CASQ pathological missense mutations based on the structural stability of the monomer, dimer, or linear polymer conformation. We also highlight emerging similarities between polymeric CASQ and polyelectrolyte systems, emphasizing the potential for the use of this paradigm to guide further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Marabelli
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, IRCCS ICS Maugeri, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Demetrio J. Santiago
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
| | - Silvia G. Priori
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Laboratory of Molecular Cardiology, IRCCS ICS Maugeri, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain;
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Foley K, Walters KB. Solution and Film Self-Assembly Behavior of a Block Copolymer Composed of a Poly(ionic Liquid) and a Stimuli-Responsive Weak Polyelectrolyte. ACS OMEGA 2023; 8:33684-33700. [PMID: 37744857 PMCID: PMC10515397 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c03989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Abstract
Cu(0)-mediated atom transfer radical polymerization was used to synthesize a poly(ionic liquid), poly[4-vinylbenzyl-3-butylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide] (PVBBImTf2N), a stimuli-responsive polyelectrolyte, poly[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate] (PDMAEMA), and a novel block copolymer formed from these two polymers. The synthesis of the block copolymer, poly[2-(dimethylamino) ethyl methacrylate]-block-[poly(4-vinylbenzyl-3-butylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide] (PDMAEMA-b-PVBBImTf2N), was examined to evaluate the control of "livingness" polymerization, as indicated by molecular weight, characterizations of degree of polymerization, and 1HNMR spectroscopy. 2D DOSY NMR measurements revealed the successful formation of block copolymer and the connection between the two polymer blocks. PDMAEMA-b-PVBBImTf2N was further characterized for supramolecular interactions in both the bulk and solution states through FTIR and 1H NMR spectroscopies. While the block copolymer demonstrated similar intermolecular behavior to the PIL homopolymer in the bulk state as indicated by FTIR, hydrogen bonding and counterion interactions in solution were observed in polar organic solvent through 1H NMR measurements. The DLS characterization revealed that the PDMAEMA-b-PVBBImTf2N block copolymer forms a network-like aggregated structure due to a combination of hydrogen bonding between the PDMAEMA and PIL group and electrostatic repulsive interactions between PIL blocks. This structure was found to collapse upon the addition of KNO3 while still maintaining hydrogen bonding interactions. AFM-IR analysis demonstrated varied morphologies, with spherical PDMAEMA in PVBBImTf2N matrix morphology exhibited in the region approaching the film center. AFM-IR further revealed signals from silica nano-contaminates, which selectively interacted with the PDMAEMA spheres, demonstrating the potential for the PDMAEMA-b-PVBBImTf2N PIL block copolymer in polymer-inorganic nanoparticle composite applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla Foley
- Ralph E. Martin Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
| | - Keisha B. Walters
- Ralph E. Martin Department
of Chemical Engineering, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, Arkansas 72701, United States
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Vildanova RR, Petrova SF, Kolesov SV, Khutoryanskiy VV. Biodegradable Hydrogels Based on Chitosan and Pectin for Cisplatin Delivery. Gels 2023; 9:gels9040342. [PMID: 37102954 PMCID: PMC10138284 DOI: 10.3390/gels9040342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Preparation of stable hydrogels using physically (electrostatically) interacting charge-complementary polyelectrolyte chains seems to be more attractive from a practical point of view than the use of organic crosslinking agents. In this work natural polyelectrolytes-chitosan and pectin-were used, due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. The biodegradability of hydrogels is confirmed by experiments with hyaluronidase as an enzyme. It has been shown that the use of pectins with different molecular weights makes it possible to prepare hydrogels with different rheological characteristics and swelling kinetics. These polyelectrolyte hydrogels loaded with cytostatic cisplatin as a model drug provide an opportunity for its prolonged release, which is important for therapy. The drug release is regulated to a certain extent by the choice of hydrogel composition. The developed systems can potentially improve the effects of cancer treatment due to the prolonged release of cytostatic cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina R Vildanova
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 450054 Ufa, Russia
| | - Svetlana F Petrova
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 450054 Ufa, Russia
| | - Sergey V Kolesov
- Ufa Institute of Chemistry, Ufa Federal Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 450054 Ufa, Russia
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Chelu M, Musuc AM. Polymer Gels: Classification and Recent Developments in Biomedical Applications. Gels 2023; 9:gels9020161. [PMID: 36826331 PMCID: PMC9956074 DOI: 10.3390/gels9020161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymer gels are a valuable class of polymeric materials that have recently attracted significant interest due to the exceptional properties such as versatility, soft-structure, flexibility and stimuli-responsive, biodegradability, and biocompatibility. Based on their properties, polymer gels can be used in a wide range of applications: food industry, agriculture, biomedical, and biosensors. The utilization of polymer gels in different medical and industrial applications requires a better understanding of the formation process, the factors which affect the gel's stability, and the structure-rheological properties relationship. The present review aims to give an overview of the polymer gels, the classification of polymer gels' materials to highlight their important features, and the recent development in biomedical applications. Several perspectives on future advancement of polymer hydrogel are offered.
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8
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Bioinspired gelatin based sticky hydrogel for diverse surfaces in burn wound care. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13735. [PMID: 35962001 PMCID: PMC9374690 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17054-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper burn wound management considers patient’s compliance and provides an environment to accelerate wound closure. Sticky hydrogels are conducive to wound management. They can act as a preventive infection patch with controlled drug delivery and diverse surface adherence. A hypothesis-driven investigation explores a bioinspired polydopamine property in a gelatin-based hydrogel (GbH) where polyvinyl alcohol and starch function as hydrogel backbone. The GbH displayed promising physical properties with O–H group rich surface. The GbH was sticky onto dry surfaces (glass, plastic and aluminium) and wet surfaces (pork and chicken). The GbH demonstrated mathematical kinetics for a transdermal formulation, and the in vitro and in vivo toxicity of the GbH on test models confirmed the models’ healthy growth and biocompatibility. The quercetin-loaded GbH showed 45–50% wound contraction on day 4 for second-degree burn wounds in rat models that were equivalent to the silver sulfadiazine treatment group. The estimates for tensile strength, biochemicals, connective tissue markers and NF-κB were restored on day 21 in the GbH treated healed wounds to imitate the normal level of the skin. The bioinspired GbH promotes efficient wound healing of second-degree burn wounds in rat models, indicating its pre-clinical applicability.
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KhaliliJafarabad N, Behnamghader A, Khorasani MT, Mozafari M. Synthesis and characterization of an engineered dual crosslinked hydrogel system based on hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, and carboxymethyl chitosan with platelet‐rich plasma. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nadieh KhaliliJafarabad
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Research Branch Azad University Tehran Iran
| | - Aliasghar Behnamghader
- Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Materials and Energy Research Center Tehran Iran
| | | | - Masoud Mozafari
- Department of Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
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10
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Verdugo P. Editorial on Special Issue “Marine Gels”. Gels 2022; 8:gels8030150. [PMID: 35323263 PMCID: PMC8949058 DOI: 10.3390/gels8030150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Verdugo
- Friday Harbor Laboratories, Department of Bioengineering, University of Washington, Friday Harbor, WA 98250, USA
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Sorkhabi TS, Samberan MF, Ostrowski KA, Majka TM. Novel Synthesis, Characterization and Amoxicillin Release Study of pH-Sensitive Nanosilica/Poly(acrylic acid) Macroporous Hydrogel with High Swelling. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15020469. [PMID: 35057190 PMCID: PMC8778475 DOI: 10.3390/ma15020469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The effect of SiO2 nanoparticles on the formation of PAA (poly acrylic acid) gel structure was investigated with seeded emulsion polymerization method used to prepare SiO2/PAA nanoparticles. The morphologies of the nanocomposite nanoparticles were studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy results indicated that the PAA was chemically bonded to the surface of the SiO2 nanoparticles. Additionally, the resulting morphology of the nanocomposite nanoparticles confirmed the co-crosslinking role of the SiO2 nanoparticles in the formation of the 3D structure and hydrogel of PAA. SiO2/PAA nanocomposite hydrogels were synthesized by in situ solution polymerization with and without toluene. The morphology studies by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) showed that when the toluene was used as a pore forming agent in the polymerization process, a macroporous hydrogel structure was achieved. The pH-sensitive swelling behaviors of the nanocomposite hydrogels showed that the formation of pores in the gels structure was a dominant factor on the water absorption capacity. In the current research the absorption capacity was changed from about 500 to 4000 g water/g dry hydrogel. Finally, the macroporous nanocomposite hydrogel sample was tested as an amoxicillin release system in buffer solutions with pHs of 3, 7.2, and 9 at 37 °C. The results showed that the percentage cumulative release of amoxicillin from the hydrogels was higher in neutral and basic mediums than in the acidic medium and the amoxicillin release rate was decreased with increasing pH. Additionally, the release results were very similar to swelling results and hence amoxicillin release was a swelling controlled-release system.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehrab Fallahi Samberan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Ahar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahar P.O. Box 5451116714, Iran;
- Correspondence: (M.F.S.); (K.A.O.)
| | - Krzysztof Adam Ostrowski
- Faculty of Civil Engineering, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland
- Correspondence: (M.F.S.); (K.A.O.)
| | - Tomasz M. Majka
- Department of Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Cracow University of Technology, Warszawska 24, 31-155 Cracow, Poland;
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Marine Biopolymer Dynamics, Gel Formation, and Carbon Cycling in the Ocean. Gels 2021; 7:gels7030136. [PMID: 34563022 PMCID: PMC8482096 DOI: 10.3390/gels7030136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Much like our own body, our planet is a macroscale dynamic system equipped with a complex set of compartmentalized controls that have made life and evolution possible on earth. Many of these global autoregulatory functions take place in the ocean; paramount among those is its role in global carbon cycling. Understanding the dynamics of organic carbon transport in the ocean remains among the most critical, urgent, and least acknowledged challenges to modern society. Dissolved in seawater is one of the earth's largest reservoirs of reduced organic carbon, reaching ~700 billion tons. It is composed of a polydisperse collection of marine biopolymers (MBP), that remain in reversible assembled↔dissolved equilibrium forming hydrated networks of marine gels (MG). MGs are among the least understood aspects of marine carbon dynamics. Despite the polymer nature of this gigantic pool of material, polymer physics theory has only recently been applied to study MBP dynamics and gel formation in the ocean. There is a great deal of descriptive phenomenology, rich in classifications, and significant correlations. Still missing, however, is the guide of robust physical theory to figure out the fundamental nature of the supramolecular interactions taking place in seawater that turn out to be critical to understanding carbon transport in the ocean.
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