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Hameed H, Faheem S, Khan MA, Hameed A, Ereej N, Ihsan H. Ethosomes: a potential nanovesicular carrier to enhancing the drug delivery against skin barriers. J Microencapsul 2024; 41:204-225. [PMID: 38456667 DOI: 10.1080/02652048.2024.2326085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Ethosomes, which are liposomes like structures, mainly composed primarily of ethanol, have attracted considerable attention due to their potential to enhance the drug permeation via skin. The article discusses the formulation and preparation methods of ethosomes, offering insights into the various factors that influence their size, shape, and stability. Moreover, it explores the techniques used to assess the physicochemical properties of ethosomes and their impact on drug delivery effectiveness. The article also elucidates the mechanism by which ethosomes enhance skin permeation, emphasising their ability to modify the lipid structure and fluidity of the stratum corneum. Additionally, the review investigates the applications of ethosomes in diverse drug delivery scenarios, including the delivery of small molecules, peptides, and phytoconstituents. It highlights the potential of ethosomes to improve drug bioavailability, extend drug release, and achieve targeted delivery to specific skin layers or underlying tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huma Hameed
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saleha Faheem
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mahtab Ahmad Khan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
- Institute of Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lubeck, Lubeck, Germany
| | - Anam Hameed
- Department of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Rehabilitation and Allied Health Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nelofer Ereej
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hafsa Ihsan
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
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Mahajan K, Sharma P, Abbot V, Chauhan K. Ethosomes as a carrier for transdermal drug delivery system: methodology and recent developments. J Liposome Res 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38676416 DOI: 10.1080/08982104.2024.2339896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) have received significant attention in recent years. TDDS are flexible systems that transport active components to the skin for either localized or systemic delivery of drugs through the skin. Among the three main layers of skin, the outermost layer, called the stratum corneum (SC), prevents the entry of water-loving bacteria and drugs with a high molecular weight. The challenge lies in successfully delivering drugs through the skin, which crosses the stratum corneum. The popularity of lipid-based vesicular delivery systems has increased in recent years due to their ability to deliver both hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs. Ethosomes are specialized vesicles made of phospholipids that can store large amounts of ethanol. Ethosome structure and substance promote skin permeability and bioavailability. This article covers ethosome compositions, types, medication delivery techniques, stability, and safety. In addition to this, an in-depth analysis of the employment of ethosomes in drug delivery applications for a wide range of diseases has also been discussed. This review article highlights different aspects of ethosomes, such as their synthesis, characterization, marketed formulation, recent advancements in TDDS, and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karishma Mahajan
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Poonam Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Jaypee University of Information Technology, Solan, Himachal Pradesh, India
| | - Vikrant Abbot
- Chandigarh Pharmacy College, Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Jhanjeri, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Kalpana Chauhan
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, India
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Akhtar N, Menaa F, Akhtar N, Javed N, Sethi A, Khan MS. Tocopherol succinate-loaded ethosomal gel synthesized by cold method technique: Deeper biophysical characterizations for translational application on human skin. J Cosmet Dermatol 2024; 23:1015-1028. [PMID: 38268219 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.16054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tocopherols are well-known antioxidant and moisturizing agent. Tocopherol succinate (TS) are widely used in many skin products especially used in anti-aging and skin whitening product formulation. AIM We previously reported the successful synthesis and preliminary characterizations of stable TS ethosomal gels (TSEG) (DOI: 10.1111/jocd.14907). Herein, we develop and further characterize TSEG to enhance the stability of the developed formulation with increased permeation through skin. METHODS Cold method technique was used to prepare TS ethosomes. The developed ethosomal vesicle size was 250 nm, which allowed TS to penetrate through the stratum corneum layer and act on melanocytes. For stability study was assessed by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) by placing TSEG and unloaded/control ethosomal gel (CEG) at various temperature conditions, that is, 8°C, 25°C, 40°C, and 40°C ± 75% RH for 3 months. Organoleptic evaluation was done in terms of color, odor, and phase separation. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), x-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), zeta potential (ZP) and particle size (PS) was used for TSEG physical characterizations. In vitro dissolution and ex-vivo permeation studies (using Franz diffusion cell) were performed for both TSEG and CEG formulations. Human women (N = 34) were used to evaluate in vivo biophysical parameters including erythema, melanin, moisture content, sebum level, and skin elasticity. RESULTS Developed formulation was highly thermostable during the 3 months. Erythema, melanin, and sebum level decreased while marked improvement (p < 0.05) in moisture content and elasticity have been observed for the developed TSEG. CONCLUSION The developed TSEG formulation was found to be efficient, safe (no adverse effects observed), stable (at least for 3 months), and easy to use for topical application with improved skin complexation and skin integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naheed Akhtar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Farid Menaa
- Department of Nanomedicine, California Innovations Corporation, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Naveed Akhtar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Nayla Javed
- Department of Pharmaceutics, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Aisha Sethi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Government College university Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Xiao Y, Zhou L, Tao W, Yang X, Li J, Wang R, Zhao Y, Peng C, Zhang C. Preparation of paeoniflorin-glycyrrhizic acid complex transethosome gel and its preventive and therapeutic effects on melasma. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 192:106664. [PMID: 38061662 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/22/2023]
Abstract
Paeoniflorin (PF) and glycyrrhizic acid (GL) have skin beautifying effects of anti-inflammation, anti-oxidation, inhibition of melanin formation, and reduction of skin pigmentation. To improve the transdermal permeability of PF and GL in transdermal drug delivery system (TDDS) and enhance their anti-melasma efficacy, PF-GL transethosome (PF-GL-TE) was prepared by ethanol injection method, and finally gelled with carbomer-940 to form PF-GL-TE gel. Consequently, the obtained PF-GL-TE is small and uniform, with an average particle size and a PDI value of about 167.9 nm and 0.102. PF-GL-TE gel showed sustained release behavior and high transdermal permeability in vitro release and transdermal tests. Meanwhile, PF-GL-TE gel played significant preventive effects on melasma induced by progesterone injection and ultraviolet radiation B (UVB) irradiation. According to the results of H&E staining and Masson staining of rat skin, PF-GL-TE gel can alleviate the skin inflammation of and reduce the loss of collagen fibers of back skin in the melasma model rats. Compared with the PF-GL mixture gel, PF-GL-TE gel significantly attenuated the oxidative damage of liver and skin by increasing the activity of SOD and reducing the content of MDA. The results of Western blot showed that PF-GL-TE gel might down-regulate melanin-related proteins expressions of MITF/TYR/TRP1 and TRP2 to prevent and treat melasma. These findings indicate that PF-GL-TE gel is an effective TDDS for delivering PF and GL into the skin, providing a promising preparation for effective prevention and treatment of melasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaoyao Xiao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Anhui Provincial Department of Education, Engineering Technology Research Center of Modern Pharmaceutical Preparation, China; Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials Quality Improvement Innovation Collaborative Center, Hefei 230012, China; Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Materia Medica, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Lele Zhou
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Anhui Provincial Department of Education, Engineering Technology Research Center of Modern Pharmaceutical Preparation, China; Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials Quality Improvement Innovation Collaborative Center, Hefei 230012, China; Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Materia Medica, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Wenkang Tao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Anhui Provincial Department of Education, Engineering Technology Research Center of Modern Pharmaceutical Preparation, China; Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials Quality Improvement Innovation Collaborative Center, Hefei 230012, China; Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Materia Medica, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Xuan Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Anhui Provincial Department of Education, Engineering Technology Research Center of Modern Pharmaceutical Preparation, China; Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials Quality Improvement Innovation Collaborative Center, Hefei 230012, China; Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Materia Medica, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Junying Li
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Anhui Provincial Department of Education, Engineering Technology Research Center of Modern Pharmaceutical Preparation, China; Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials Quality Improvement Innovation Collaborative Center, Hefei 230012, China; Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Materia Medica, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Rulin Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Anhui Provincial Department of Education, Engineering Technology Research Center of Modern Pharmaceutical Preparation, China; Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials Quality Improvement Innovation Collaborative Center, Hefei 230012, China; Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Materia Medica, Hefei 230012, China
| | - Yanan Zhao
- Hefei Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230000, China.
| | - Can Peng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Anhui Provincial Department of Education, Engineering Technology Research Center of Modern Pharmaceutical Preparation, China; Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials Quality Improvement Innovation Collaborative Center, Hefei 230012, China; Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Materia Medica, Hefei 230012, China.
| | - Caiyun Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Preparation Technology and Application, Center for Xin'an Medicine and Modernization of Traditional Chinese Medicine of IHM, School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Anhui Provincial Department of Education, Engineering Technology Research Center of Modern Pharmaceutical Preparation, China; Anhui Genuine Chinese Medicinal Materials Quality Improvement Innovation Collaborative Center, Hefei 230012, China; Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China; Anhui Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Materia Medica, Hefei 230012, China.
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Abu-Huwaij R, Zidan AN. Unlocking the potential of cosmetic dermal delivery with ethosomes: A comprehensive review. J Cosmet Dermatol 2024; 23:17-26. [PMID: 37393573 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a world where hair loss, acne, and skin whitening are common concerns, ethosomes emerge as a captivating breakthrough in cosmetic drug delivery. METHOD This review provides a comprehensive overview of the ethosomal system and assesses its potential as an effective nanocarrier for delivering active ingredients to the skin. The focus is on exploring their applications in various pathologies, particularly skin disorders such as acne, hair loss, and skin pigmentation. RESULTS Ethosomes are a novel type of vesicular nanocarrier composed of high concentrations of ethanol (20-45%) and phospholipids. Their unique structure and composition make them an ideal choice for transporting active ingredients through the skin, offering targeted and effective treatment. The inclusion of ethanol in ethosomes' composition gives them distinctive properties, including flexibility, deformability, and stability, facilitating deep penetration into the skin and enhancing medication deposition. Moreover, ethosomes improved theoverall drug-loading capacity, and specificity of target treatment CONCLUSION: Ethosomes represent a unique and suitable approach for delivering active cosmetic ingredients in the treatment of hair loss, acne, and skin whitening, presenting a versatile alternative to traditional dermal delivery systems. Despite the challenges associated with their complex preparation and sensitivity to temperature and humidity, the remarkable potential benefits of ethosomes cannot be ignored. Further research is crucial to unlock their full potential, understand their limitations, and refine their formulations and administration methods. Ethosomes hold the promise of transforming the way we address these cosmetic concerns, offering an exciting glimpse into the future of advanced skincare solutions.
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Della Sala F, Borzacchiello A, Dianzani C, Muntoni E, Argenziano M, Capucchio MT, Valsania MC, Bozza A, Garelli S, Di Muro M, Scorziello F, Battaglia L. Ultrasmall Solid-Lipid Nanoparticles via the Polysorbate Sorbitan Phase-Inversion Temperature Technique: A Promising Vehicle for Antioxidant Delivery into the Skin. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1962. [PMID: 37514149 PMCID: PMC10383899 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid lipid nanoparticles promote skin hydration via stratum corneum occlusion, which prevents water loss by evaporation, and via the reinforcement of the skin's lipid-film barrier, which occurs through the adhesion of the nanoparticles to the stratum corneum. The efficacy of both phenomena correlates with lower nanoparticle size and the increased skin permeation of loaded compounds. The so-called Polysorbate Sorbitan Phase-Inversion Temperature method has, therefore, been optimized in this experimental work, in order to engineer ultrasmall solid-lipid nanoparticles that were then loaded with α-tocopherol, as the anti-age ingredient for cosmetic application. Ultrasmall solid-lipid nanoparticles have been proven to be able to favor the skin absorption of loaded compounds via the aforementioned mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Della Sala
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council (IPCB-CNR), Viale J.F. Kennedy 54, 80125 Naples, Italy; (F.D.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Assunta Borzacchiello
- Institute of Polymers, Composites and Biomaterials, National Research Council (IPCB-CNR), Viale J.F. Kennedy 54, 80125 Naples, Italy; (F.D.S.); (A.B.)
| | - Chiara Dianzani
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (C.D.); (E.M.); (M.A.); (A.B.); (S.G.)
| | - Elisabetta Muntoni
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (C.D.); (E.M.); (M.A.); (A.B.); (S.G.)
| | - Monica Argenziano
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (C.D.); (E.M.); (M.A.); (A.B.); (S.G.)
| | - Maria Teresa Capucchio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy;
| | - Maria Carmen Valsania
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via Quarello 15/a, 10135 Turin, Italy;
- Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces (NIS) Interdepartmental Centre, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Annalisa Bozza
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (C.D.); (E.M.); (M.A.); (A.B.); (S.G.)
| | - Sara Garelli
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (C.D.); (E.M.); (M.A.); (A.B.); (S.G.)
| | - Maria Di Muro
- R Bio Transfer srl, Via Parmenide 156, 84131 Salerno, Italy; (M.D.M.); (F.S.)
| | - Franco Scorziello
- R Bio Transfer srl, Via Parmenide 156, 84131 Salerno, Italy; (M.D.M.); (F.S.)
| | - Luigi Battaglia
- Dipartimento di Scienza e Tecnologia del Farmaco, University of Turin, Via Pietro Giuria 9, 10125 Turin, Italy; (C.D.); (E.M.); (M.A.); (A.B.); (S.G.)
- Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces (NIS) Interdepartmental Centre, 10124 Turin, Italy
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Vergara D, López O, Sanhueza C, Chávez-Aravena C, Villagra J, Bustamante M, Acevedo F. Co-Encapsulation of Curcumin and α-Tocopherol in Bicosome Systems: Physicochemical Properties and Biological Activity. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1912. [PMID: 37514098 PMCID: PMC10383532 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A novel co-encapsulation system called bicosomes (bicelles within liposomes) has been developed to overcome the limitations associated with the topical application of curcumin (cur) and α-tocopherol (α-toc). The physicochemical properties and biological activity in vitro of bicosome systems were evaluated. Bicelles were prepared with DPPC, DHPC, cur, and α-toc (cur/α-toc-bicelles). Liposomal vesicles loading cur/α-toc-bicelles were prepared with Lipoid P-100 and cholesterol-forming cur/α-toc-bicosomes. Three cur/α-toc-bicosomes were evaluated using different total lipid percentages (12, 16, and 20% w/v). The results indicated that formulations manage to solubilize cur and α-toc in homogeneous bicelles < 20 nm, while the bicosomes reaches 303-420 nm depending on the total lipid percentage in the systems. Bicosomes demonstrated high-encapsulation efficiency (EE) for cur (56-77%) and α-toc (51-65%). The loading capacity (LC) for both antioxidant compounds was 52-67%. In addition, cur/α-toc-bicosomes decreased the lipid oxidation by 52% and increased the antioxidant activity by 60% compared to unloaded bicosomes. The cell viability of these cur/α-toc-bicosomes was >85% in fibroblasts (3T3L1/CL-173™) and ≥65% in keratinocytes (Ha-CaT) and proved to be hematologically compatible. The cur/α-toc-bicelles and cur/α-toc-bicosomes inhibited the growth of C. albicans in a range between 33 and 76%. Our results propose bicosome systems as a novel carrier able to co-encapsulate, solubilize, protect, and improve the delivery performance of antioxidant molecules. The relevance of these findings is based on the synergistic antioxidant effect of its components, its biocompatibility, and its efficacy for dermal tissue treatment damaged by oxidative stress or by the presence of C. albicans. However, further studies are needed to assess the efficacy and safety of cur/α-toc bicosomes in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Vergara
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine-Scientific Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT-BIOREN), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Olga López
- Department of Chemical and Surfactant Technology, Institute of Advanced Chemistry of Catalonia (IQAC-CSIC), C/Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudia Sanhueza
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine-Scientific Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT-BIOREN), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Catalina Chávez-Aravena
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Bioproducts, Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT), Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - José Villagra
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Bioproducts, Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine (CEMT), Department of Preclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Mariela Bustamante
- Center of Food Biotechnology and Bioseparations, Scientific and Technological Bioresource Nucleus BIOREN, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco 4780000, Chile
| | - Francisca Acevedo
- Center of Excellence in Translational Medicine-Scientific Technological Bioresource Nucleus (CEMT-BIOREN), Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco 4780000, Chile
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de La Frontera, Casilla 54-D, Temuco 4780000, Chile
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Al-Serwi RH, Eladl MA, El-Sherbiny M, Saleh MA, Othman G, Alshahrani SM, Alnefaie R, Jan AM, Alnasser SM, Albalawi AE, Mohamed JMM, Menaa F. Targeted Drug Administration onto Cancer Cells Using Hyaluronic Acid-Quercetin-Conjugated Silver Nanoparticles. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104146. [PMID: 37241888 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Quercetin (QtN) displays low systemic bioavailability caused by poor water solubility and instability. Consequently, it exerts limited anticancer action in vivo. One solution to increase the anticancer efficacy of QtN is the use of appropriate functionalized nanocarriers that preferentially target and deliver the drug to the tumor location. Herein, a direct advanced method was designed to develop water-soluble hyaluronic acid (HA)-QtN-conjugated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). HA-QtN reduced silver nitrate (AgNO3) while acting as a stabilizing agent to produce AgNPs. Further, HA-QtN#AgNPs served as an anchor for folate/folic acid (FA) conjugated with polyethylene glycol (PEG). The resulting PEG-FA-HA-QtN#AgNPs (further abbreviated as PF/HA-QtN#AgNPs) were characterized both in vitro and ex vivo. Physical characterizations included UV-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), particle size (PS) and zeta potential (ZP) measurements, and biopharmaceutical evaluations. The biopharmaceutical evaluations included analyses of the cytotoxic effects on the HeLa and Caco-2 cancer cell lines using the MTT assay; cellular drug intake into cancer cells using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy; and blood compatibility using an automatic hematology analyzer, a diode array spectrophotometer, and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The prepared hybrid delivery nanosystem was hemocompatible and more oncocytotoxic than the free, pure QtN. Therefore, PF/HA-QtN#AgNPs represent a smart nano-based drug delivery system (NDDS) and could be a promising oncotherapeutic option if the data are validated in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha H Al-Serwi
- Department of Basic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Eladl
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mohamed El-Sherbiny
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh 11597, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura 35511, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Saleh
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Gamal Othman
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, AlMaarefa University, Riyadh 11597, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan M Alshahrani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasha Alnefaie
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Al-Baha University, Al Baha 65779, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afnan M Jan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman M Alnasser
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Unaizah Colleage of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aishah E Albalawi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47913, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jamal Moideen Muthu Mohamed
- Vaasudhara College of Pharmacy, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Sante Circle, Chintamani Road, Hoskote 562114, Karnataka, India
| | - Farid Menaa
- Departments of Medicine and Nanomedicine, California Innovations Corporation, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
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Alamri A, Alqahtani A, Alqahtani T, Al Fatease A, Asiri SA, Gahtani RM, Alnasser SM, Mohamed JMM, Menaa F. Design, Physical Characterizations, and Biocompatibility of Cationic Solid Lipid Nanoparticles in HCT-116 and 16-HBE Cells: A Preliminary Study. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28041711. [PMID: 36838699 PMCID: PMC9968044 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, pEGFP-LUC was used as a model plasmid and three distinct cationic lipids (dioleyloxy-propyl-trimethylammonium chloride [DOTMA], dioleoyl trimethylammonium propane [DOTAP], and cetylpyridinium chloride [CPC]) were tested along with PEG 5000, as a nonionic surfactant, to prepare glyceryl monostearate (GMS)-based cationic solid lipid nanoparticles (cSLNs). Both the type and quantity of surfactant had an impact on the physicochemical characteristics of the cSLNs. Thermal analysis of the greater part of the endothermic peaks of the cSLNs revealed they were noticeably different from the individual pure compounds based on their zeta potential (ZP ranging from +17 to +56 mV) and particle size (PS ranging from 185 to 244 nm). The addition of cationic surfactants was required to produce nanoparticles (NPs) with a positive surface charge. This suggested that the surfactants and extensive entanglement of the lipid matrix GMS provided support for the behavioral diversity of the cSLNs and their capacity to interface with the plasmid DNA. Additionally, hemolytic assays were used to show that the cSLNs were biocompatible with the human colon cancer HCT-116 and human bronchial epithelial 16-HBE cell lines. The DOTMA 6-based cSLN was selected as the lead cSLN for further ex vivo and in vivo investigations. Taken together, these new findings might provide some guidance in selecting surfactants to prepare extremely efficient and non-toxic cSLN-based therapeutic delivery systems (e.g., gene therapy).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Alamri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Guraiger, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Guraiger, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Taha Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Guraiger, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel Al Fatease
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Guraiger, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Ahmed Asiri
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Najran University, Najran 61441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem M. Gahtani
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sulaiman Mohammed Alnasser
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Buraydah 52571, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jamal Moideen Muthu Mohamed
- Vaasudhara College of Pharmacy, Sante Circle, Chintamani Road, Hoskote 562114, Karnataka, India
- Correspondence: (J.M.M.M.); (F.M.)
| | - Farid Menaa
- Departments of Medicine and Nanomedicine, California Innovations Corporation, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
- Correspondence: (J.M.M.M.); (F.M.)
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Qureshi MS, Jamil QA, Akhtar N, Akhtar N. Formulation and characterization of Anacyclus Pyrethrum Emulgels and its in vitro and in vivo evaluation as cosmeceutical product. J Cosmet Dermatol 2022; 21:7116-7130. [PMID: 36136047 DOI: 10.1111/jocd.15404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plants containing high phenolic and flavonoids contents used widely as antioxidant agent by reducing skin photo damaging effects and play important role in skin rejuvenating. AIMS This study was performed to explore the cosmetic effects of Anacyclus Pyrethrum extract and to develop stable oil in water (O/W) emulsion base gel loaded with Anacyclus Pyrethrum 10% extract. OBJECTIVE To explore and quantify phenols and flavonoids present in Anacyclus Pyrethrum extract and determine its cosmetic effects on human skin. METHOD Emulgel formulation were developed by mixing o/w emulsion with carbopol gelling agent loaded with Anacyclus Pyrethrum (AP) extract and base gel without AP extract. In vitro study was done for the evaluation of color change, liquefaction, hardness, and pH change at different storage condition for the duration of 12 weeks. For in vivo study, emulgel applied on 13 healthy human volunteer's cheeks to evaluate its cosmetics effects and compared with placebo (base). Facial parameters including skin melanin, redness, sebum, moisture content, and skin elasticity were determined by using mexameter, sebumeter, corneometer, elastometer for the study duration of 12 weeks. RESULTS Total phenolic content in Anacyclus Pyrethrum extract was 80.04 ± 0.0043 mg GAE/g, and flavonoids were 54.64 ± 0.0076 mg QE/g. Anacyclus Pyrethrum extract found significantly effective in reducing skin photo-damage effects (p ≤ 0.05) as compared base gel. CONCLUSION Anacyclus Pyrethrum extract being rich source of flavonoid and phenolic content, acts as strong antioxidant to protect skin against photo-damaging effect and improve skin conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qazi Adnan Jamil
- Department of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Naheed Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
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Fabrication and Characterizations of Pharmaceutical Emulgel Co-Loaded with Naproxen-Eugenol for Improved Analgesic and Anti-Inflammatory Effects. Gels 2022; 8:gels8100608. [PMID: 36286109 PMCID: PMC9602183 DOI: 10.3390/gels8100608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to fabricate and characterize a pharmaceutical emulgel co-loaded with naproxen/eugenol for transdermal delivery to improve the analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects and to eliminate GIT adverse reactions. Emulgel was prepared using a slow emulsification method and evaluated for physical appearance, thermodynamic stability, viscosity, pH, spreadability, extrudability, in-vitro drug release, drug content, ex-vivo permeation, drug retention studies and in-vivo studies. The emulgel exhibited good physical attributes, being thermodynamically stable with no phase separation, having excellent homogeneity, and pH 5.5 to 6.5. Slight changes in viscosity, spreadability and extrudability with respect to high temperature were observed (p > 0.05). The drug content was 96.69 ± 1.18% and 97.24 ± 1.27% for naproxen and eugenol, respectively. The maximum release of naproxen after 12 h was 85.14 ± 1.11%, whereas eugenol was 86.67 ± 1.23% from emulgel following anomalous non-Fickian mechanism. The maximum % permeation of naproxen across skin was 78.5 ± 1.30, whereas maximum % permeation of eugenol was 83.7 ± 1.33 after 12 h. The skin retention of eugenol and naproxen was 8.52 ± 0.22% and 6.98 ± 0.24%, respectively. The optimized emulgel inhibited the carrageenan induced paw edema. The pain reaction times of optimized emulgel and standard marketed product (Voltral®) were 11.16 ± 0.17 and 10.36 ± 0.47, respectively, with no statistically significant difference (p > 0.05). This study concluded that transdermal delivery of naproxen-eugenol emulgel synergized the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of naproxen and eugenol.
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Central Composite Design (CCD) for the Optimisation of Ethosomal Gel Formulation of Punica granatum Extract: In Vitro and In Vivo Evaluations. Gels 2022; 8:gels8080511. [PMID: 36005111 PMCID: PMC9407133 DOI: 10.3390/gels8080511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This research manuscript’s objective was to develop the Punica granatum extract ethosome gel. The use of nanotechnology can improve transdermal drug delivery permeation of its major bioactive compound β-sitosterol. The optimised and developed formulations were further studied in vitro and in vivo. The assessment of the anti-inflammatory activity of the gel was performed in Albino rats. Methanolic extract was prepared and developed into an ethosome suspension and an ethosome gel. To optimise the formulation’s response in terms of particle size (nm) and entrapment efficiency (%), the central composite design (CCD) was used in 22 levels. The effects of factors such as lecithin (%) and ethanol (mL) in nine formulations were observed. Characterisation of ethosome gel was performed and the results showed the particle size (516.4 nm) and mean zeta potential (−45.4 mV). Evaluations of the gel formulation were performed. The results were good in terms of pH (7.1), viscosity (32,158 cps), spreadability (31.55 g cm/s), and no grittiness. In an in vitro study, the percentages of β-sitosterol release of ethosome gel (91.83%), suspension (82.74%), and extracts (68.15%) at 279 nm were recorded. The effects of the formulated gel on formalin-induced oedema in Albino rats showed good results in terms of anti-inflammatory activity. The comparative anti-inflammatory activity of Punica granatum extract and gel showed that the gel action was good for their topical application.
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