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Rizzuto C, Barberi RC, Castriota M. Development of Electrochromic Devices, Based on Polymeric Gel, for Energy Saving Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3347. [PMID: 37631404 PMCID: PMC10458007 DOI: 10.3390/polym15163347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, the implementation of an electrochromic device (10 cm × 10 cm in size) for energy saving applications has been presented. As electrochromic system has been used with an electrochromic solution (ECsol) made by ethyl viologen diperchlorate [EV(ClO4)2], 1,1'-diethyl ferrocene (DEFc) and propylene carbonate (PC), as solvent. The final system has been obtained by mixing the ECsol, described above, with a polymeric system made by Bisphenol-A glycerolate (1 glycerol/phenol) diacrylate (BPA) and 2,2-Dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone (Irgacure 651) in a weight percentage equal to 60:40% w/w, respectively. Lithography has been used to make a spacer pattern with a thickness of about 15-20 µm between the two substrates. Micro-Raman spectroscopy confirmed the presence of the EV•+ as justified by the blue color of the electrochromic device in the ON state. Electrochemical and optical properties of the electrochromic device have been studied. The device shows reversible electrochromic behavior as confirmed by cyclic color variation due to the reduction and oxidation process of the EV2+/EV•+ couple. The electrochromic device shows a variation of the % transmittance in the visible region at 400 nm of 59.6% in the OFF state and 0.48% at 3.0 V. At 606 nm the transmittance in the bleached state is 84.58% in the OFF state and then decreases to 1.01% when it is fully colored at 3.0 V. In the NIR region at 890 nm, the device shows a transmittance of 74.3% in the OFF state and 23.7% at 3.0 V while at 1165 nm the values of the transmittance changed from 83.21% in the OFF state to 1.58% in the ON state at 3.0 V. The electrochromic device shows high values of CCR% and exhibits excellent values of CE in both visible and near-infrared regions when switched between OFF/ON states. In the NIR region at 890 nm, electrochromic devices can be used for the energy-saving of buildings with a promising CE of 120.9 cm2/C and 420.1 cm2/C at 1165 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Rizzuto
- Department of Physics, University of Calabria Ponte Bucci, Cubo 33B, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Riccardo C. Barberi
- Department of Physics, University of Calabria Ponte Bucci, Cubo 33B, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
- CNR-Nanotec c/o Department of Physics, University of Calabria Ponte Bucci, Cubo 33B, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Marco Castriota
- Department of Physics, University of Calabria Ponte Bucci, Cubo 33B, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
- CNR-Nanotec c/o Department of Physics, University of Calabria Ponte Bucci, Cubo 33B, 87036 Rende, CS, Italy
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Nucera A, Grillo R, Rizzuto C, Barberi RC, Castriota M, Bürgi T, Caputo R, Palermo G. Effect of the Combination of Gold Nanoparticles and Polyelectrolyte Layers on SERS Measurements. BIOSENSORS 2022; 12:bios12100895. [PMID: 36291032 PMCID: PMC9599540 DOI: 10.3390/bios12100895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
In this study, polyelectrolyte (PE) layers are deposited on substrates made by glass covered with an array of gold nanoparticles (GNPs). In particular, the samples studied have 0 PE layers (GGPE0), 3 PE layers (GGPE3), 11 PE layers (GGPE11), and 21 PE layers (GGPE21). All samples have been studied by micro-Raman spectroscopy. An acetic acid solution (10% v/v) has been used as a standard solution in order to investigate the SERS effect induced by different numbers of PE layers in each sample. The Surface Enhancement Raman Spectroscopy (SERS) effect correlating to the number of PE layers deposited on the samples has been shown. This effect is explained in terms of an increase in the interaction between the photon of the laser source and the plasmonic band of the GNPs due to a change of the permittivity of the surrounding medium around the GNPs. The trends of the ratios of the intensities of the Raman bands of the acetic acid solution (acetic acid and water molecules) on the band at 1098 cm-1 ascribed to the substrates increase, and the number of PE layers increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonello Nucera
- Department of Physics, University of Calabria, Via Ponte Bucci, Cubo 31C, 87036 Rende, Cosenza, Italy
- CNR-Nanotec, Via Ponte Bucci, Cubo 33C, 87036 Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Rossella Grillo
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Carmen Rizzuto
- Department of Physics, University of Calabria, Via Ponte Bucci, Cubo 31C, 87036 Rende, Cosenza, Italy
- CNR-Nanotec, Via Ponte Bucci, Cubo 33C, 87036 Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Riccardo Cristoforo Barberi
- Department of Physics, University of Calabria, Via Ponte Bucci, Cubo 31C, 87036 Rende, Cosenza, Italy
- CNR-Nanotec, Via Ponte Bucci, Cubo 33C, 87036 Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Marco Castriota
- Department of Physics, University of Calabria, Via Ponte Bucci, Cubo 31C, 87036 Rende, Cosenza, Italy
- CNR-Nanotec, Via Ponte Bucci, Cubo 33C, 87036 Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Thomas Bürgi
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Geneva, 30 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Roberto Caputo
- Department of Physics, University of Calabria, Via Ponte Bucci, Cubo 31C, 87036 Rende, Cosenza, Italy
- CNR-Nanotec, Via Ponte Bucci, Cubo 33C, 87036 Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Giovanna Palermo
- Department of Physics, University of Calabria, Via Ponte Bucci, Cubo 31C, 87036 Rende, Cosenza, Italy
- CNR-Nanotec, Via Ponte Bucci, Cubo 33C, 87036 Rende, Cosenza, Italy
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