A Facile Method for Fabricating a Monolithic Mullite Fiber-Reinforced Alumina Aerogel with Excellent Mechanical and Thermal Properties

A Review of High-Temperature Aerogels: Composition, Mechanisms, and Properties

High-temperature aerogels have garnered significant attention as promising insulation materials in various industries such as aerospace, automotive manufacturing, and beyond, owing to their remarkable thermal insulation properties coupled with low density. With advancements in manufacturing techniques, the thermal resilience of aerogels has considerable improvements. Notably, polyimide-based aerogels can endure temperatures up to 1000 °C, zirconia-based aerogels up to 1300 °C, silica-based aerogels up to 1500 °C, alumina-based aerogels up to 1800 °C, and carbon-based aerogels can withstand up to 2500 °C. This paper systematically discusses recent advancements in the thermal insulation performance of these five materials. It elaborates on the temperature resistance of aerogels and elucidates their thermal insulation mechanisms. Furthermore, it examines the impact of doping elements on the thermal conductivity of aerogels and consolidates various preparation methods aimed at producing aerogels capable of withstanding temperatures. In conclusion, by employing judicious composition design strategies, it is anticipated that the maximum tolerance temperature of aerogels can surpass 2500 °C, thus opening up new avenues for their application in extreme thermal environments.

A Comparative Assessment of Different Aerogel-Insulated Building Walls for Enhanced Thermal Insulation Performance

Aerogel is widely recognized as a superinsulating material with great potential for enhancing the thermal insulation performance of building walls. It can be applied in various forms such as aerogel plasters (AP), aerogel fibrous composites (AFC), and aerogel concrete (AC) in practical engineering applications. This study aims to investigate the most efficient application form for maximizing building insulation performance while minimizing the amount of aerogel used. To predict the thermal insulation performance of aerogel-insulated walls, a resistance-capacitance network model integrating the aerogels' effective thermal conductivity model was developed and was validated by comparing it with Fluent simulation software results in terms of surface temperature. Using the validated models, the thermophysical parameters, transient thermal properties, and transmission load were predicted and compared among AP, AFC, and AC walls. The results indicate that using AFC can result in approximately 50% cost savings to achieve the same thermal resistance. After adding a 20 mm thickness of aerogel to the reference wall without aerogel, the AFC wall exhibited the highest improvement in thermal insulation performance, reaching 46.0-53.5%, followed by the AP wall, and then the AC wall, aligning with considerations of microstructural perspectives, thermal resistance distributions, and thermal non-uniformity factors. Therefore, giving priority to AFC use could reduce the required amount of silica aerogel and enhance economic efficiency. These results provide valuable insights for theoretical models and the application of aerogel-insulated walls in building engineering insulation.