1
|
Mikhailidi A, Ungureanu E, Tofanica BM, Ungureanu OC, Fortună ME, Belosinschi D, Volf I. Agriculture 4.0: Polymer Hydrogels as Delivery Agents of Active Ingredients. Gels 2024; 10:368. [PMID: 38920915 PMCID: PMC11203096 DOI: 10.3390/gels10060368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The evolution from conventional to modern agricultural practices, characterized by Agriculture 4.0 principles such as the application of innovative materials, smart water, and nutrition management, addresses the present-day challenges of food supply. In this context, polymer hydrogels have become a promising material for enhancing agricultural productivity due to their ability to retain and then release water, which can help alleviate the need for frequent irrigation in dryland environments. Furthermore, the controlled release of fertilizers by the hydrogels decreases chemical overdosing risks and the environmental impact associated with the use of agrochemicals. The potential of polymer hydrogels in sustainable agriculture and farming and their impact on soil quality is revealed by their ability to deliver nutritional and protective active ingredients. Thus, the impact of hydrogels on plant growth, development, and yield was discussed. The question of which hydrogels are more suitable for agriculture-natural or synthetic-is debatable, as both have their merits and drawbacks. An analysis of polymer hydrogel life cycles in terms of their initial material has shown the advantage of bio-based hydrogels, such as cellulose, lignin, starch, alginate, chitosan, and their derivatives and hybrids, aligning with sustainable practices and reducing dependence on non-renewable resources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Mikhailidi
- Higher School of Printing and Media Technologies, St. Petersburg State University of Industrial Technologies and Design, 18 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, 191186 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Elena Ungureanu
- “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” Iasi University of Life Sciences Iasi, 3 Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700490 Iasi, Romania
| | - Bogdan-Marian Tofanica
- “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 73 Prof. Dr. Docent D. Mangeron Boulevard, 700050 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Ovidiu C. Ungureanu
- Faculty of Medicine, “Vasile Goldis” Western University of Arad, 94 the Boulevard of the Revolution, 310025 Arad, Romania;
| | - Maria E. Fortună
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Dan Belosinschi
- Innovations Institute in Ecomaterials, Ecoproducts, and Ecoenergies, University of Quebec at Trois-Rivières, 3351, Boul. des Forges, Trois-Rivières QC G8Z 4M3, Canada;
| | - Irina Volf
- “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 73 Prof. Dr. Docent D. Mangeron Boulevard, 700050 Iasi, Romania;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bari GAKMR, Jeong JH, Barai HR. Conductive Gels for Energy Storage, Conversion, and Generation: Materials Design Strategies, Properties, and Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 17:2268. [PMID: 38793335 PMCID: PMC11123231 DOI: 10.3390/ma17102268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Gel-based materials have garnered significant interest in recent years, primarily due to their remarkable structural flexibility, ease of modulation, and cost-effective synthesis methodologies. Specifically, polymer-based conductive gels, characterized by their unique conjugated structures incorporating both localized sigma and pi bonds, have emerged as materials of choice for a wide range of applications. These gels demonstrate an exceptional integration of solid and liquid phases within a three-dimensional matrix, further enhanced by the incorporation of conductive nanofillers. This unique composition endows them with a versatility that finds application across a diverse array of fields, including wearable energy devices, health monitoring systems, robotics, and devices designed for interactive human-body integration. The multifunctional nature of gel materials is evidenced by their inherent stretchability, self-healing capabilities, and conductivity (both ionic and electrical), alongside their multidimensional properties. However, the integration of these multidimensional properties into a single gel material, tailored to meet specific mechanical and chemical requirements across various applications, presents a significant challenge. This review aims to shed light on the current advancements in gel materials, with a particular focus on their application in various devices. Additionally, it critically assesses the limitations inherent in current material design strategies and proposes potential avenues for future research, particularly in the realm of conductive gels for energy applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gazi A. K. M. Rafiqul Bari
- School of Mechanical Smart and Industrial Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jae-Ho Jeong
- School of Mechanical Smart and Industrial Engineering, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-daero, Sujeong-gu, Seongnam-si 13120, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea;
| | - Hasi Rani Barai
- School of Mechanical and IT Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Gyeongbuk, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ramezani G, Stiharu I, van de Ven TGM, Nerguizian V. Advancement in Biosensor Technologies of 2D MaterialIntegrated with Cellulose-Physical Properties. MICROMACHINES 2023; 15:82. [PMID: 38258201 PMCID: PMC10819598 DOI: 10.3390/mi15010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
This review paper provides an in-depth analysis of recent advancements in integrating two-dimensional (2D) materials with cellulose to enhance biosensing technology. The incorporation of 2D materials such as graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides, along with nanocellulose, improves the sensitivity, stability, and flexibility of biosensors. Practical applications of these advanced biosensors are explored in fields like medical diagnostics and environmental monitoring. This innovative approach is driving research opportunities and expanding the possibilities for diverse applications in this rapidly evolving field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ghazaleh Ramezani
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial, and Aerospace Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H3G 1M8, Canada;
| | - Ion Stiharu
- Department of Mechanical, Industrial, and Aerospace Engineering, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H3G 1M8, Canada;
| | - Theo G. M. van de Ven
- Department of Chemistry, McGill University, 801 Sherbrooke St. West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B8, Canada;
| | - Vahe Nerguizian
- Department of Electrical Engineering, École de Technologie Supérieure, 1100 Notre Dame West, Montreal, QC H3C 1K3, Canada;
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vrabič-Brodnjak U. Hybrid Materials of Bio-Based Aerogels for Sustainable Packaging Solutions. Gels 2023; 10:27. [PMID: 38247750 PMCID: PMC10815338 DOI: 10.3390/gels10010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
This review explores the field of hybrid materials in the context of bio-based aerogels for the development of sustainable packaging solutions. Increasing global concern over environmental degradation and the growing demand for environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional packaging materials have led to a growing interest in the synthesis and application of bio-based aerogels. These aerogels, which are derived from renewable resources such as biopolymers and biomass, have unique properties such as a lightweight structure, excellent thermal insulation, and biodegradability. The manuscript addresses the innovative integration of bio-based aerogels with various other materials such as nanoparticles, polymers, and additives to improve their mechanical, barrier, and functional properties for packaging applications. It critically analyzes recent advances in hybridization strategies and highlights their impact on the overall performance and sustainability of packaging materials. In addition, the article identifies the key challenges and future prospects associated with the development and commercialization of hybrid bio-based aerogel packaging materials. The synthesis of this knowledge is intended to contribute to ongoing efforts to create environmentally friendly alternatives that address the current problems associated with conventional packaging while promoting a deeper understanding of the potential of hybrid materials for sustainable packaging solutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Urška Vrabič-Brodnjak
- Department of Textiles, Graphic Arts and Design, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Snežniška 5, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mikhailidi A, Ungureanu E, Belosinschi D, Tofanica BM, Volf I. Cellulose-Based Metallogels-Part 3: Multifunctional Materials. Gels 2023; 9:878. [PMID: 37998968 PMCID: PMC10671087 DOI: 10.3390/gels9110878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The incorporation of the metal phase into cellulose hydrogels, resulting in the formation of metallogels, greatly expands their application potential by introducing new functionalities and improving their performance in various fields. The unique antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer properties of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles (Ag, Au, Cu, CuxOy, ZnO, Al2O3, TiO2, etc.), coupled with the biocompatibility of cellulose, allow the development of composite hydrogels with multifunctional therapeutic potential. These materials can serve as efficient carriers for controlled drug delivery, targeting specific cells or pathogens, as well as for the design of artificial tissues or wound and burn dressings. Cellulose-based metallogels can be used in the food packaging industry to provide biodegradable and biocidal materials to extend the shelf life of the goods. Metal and bimetallic nanoparticles (Au, Cu, Ni, AuAg, and AuPt) can catalyze chemical reactions, enabling composite cellulose hydrogels to be used as efficient catalysts in organic synthesis. In addition, metal-loaded hydrogels (with ZnO, TiO2, Ag, and Fe3O4 nanoparticles) can exhibit enhanced adsorption capacities for pollutants, such as dyes, heavy metal ions, and pharmaceuticals, making them valuable materials for water purification and environmental remediation. Magnetic properties imparted to metallogels by iron oxides (Fe2O3 and Fe3O4) simplify the wastewater treatment process, making it more cost-effective and environmentally friendly. The conductivity of metallogels due to Ag, TiO2, ZnO, and Al2O3 is useful for the design of various sensors. The integration of metal nanoparticles also allows the development of responsive materials, where changes in metal properties can be exploited for stimuli-responsive applications, such as controlled release systems. Overall, the introduction of metal phases augments the functionality of cellulose hydrogels, expanding their versatility for diverse applications across a broad spectrum of industries not envisaged during the initial research stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Mikhailidi
- Higher School of Printing and Media Technologies, St. Petersburg State University of Industrial Technologies and Design, 18 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, 191186 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Elena Ungureanu
- “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences Iasi, 3 Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700490 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Dan Belosinschi
- Innovations Institute in Ecomaterials, Ecoproducts, and Ecoenergies, University of Quebec at Trois-Rivières, 3351, Boul. des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada;
- CellON AS, Lakkegata 75C, NO-0562 Oslo, Norway
| | - Bogdan-Marian Tofanica
- “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 73 Prof. Dr. Docent D. Mangeron Boulevard, 700050 Iasi, Romania
- IF2000 Academic Foundation, 73 Prof. Dr. Docent D. Mangeron Boulevard, 700050 Iasi, Romania
| | - Irina Volf
- “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 73 Prof. Dr. Docent D. Mangeron Boulevard, 700050 Iasi, Romania
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ungureanu E, Fortună ME, Țopa DC, Brezuleanu CO, Ungureanu VI, Chiruță C, Rotaru R, Tofanica BM, Popa VI, Jităreanu DC. Comparison Adsorption of Cd (II) onto Lignin and Polysaccharide-Based Polymers. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3794. [PMID: 37765646 PMCID: PMC10535642 DOI: 10.3390/polym15183794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the predominantly negative impact of heavy metals on living organisms, the present study proposed to evaluate the adsorption performances under static conditions of Cd (II) from aqueous solutions on unmodified Sarkanda grass lignin compared to the adsorption performances of polysaccharide polymers chemically functionalized, obtained by synthesis and in their native state, but which, although effective, have a cost price that does not allow for large-scale expansion. To improve the retention of Cd (II) on this aromatic component of the biomass resulting from the processing of lignocellulosic materials, different experimental conditions (pH, concentration, dose and contact time) were followed. The Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms were used to describe the equilibrium conditions. Adsorption kinetics were assessed using the Lagergren I and Ho and McKay II kinetic models, furnishing informative insights into the process mechanism. Lignin adsorption capacity was also analyzed by performing biological tests on tomato seeds (Lypercosium esculentum), since heavy metals are known to be a stress factor for seeds by disturbing the osmotic equilibrium. Through the prism of the investigated parameters and under precisely established experimental conditions, unmodified Sarkanda grass lignin-an aromatic biopolymer-can be recommended as a promising adsorbent for the retention of Cd (II) from aqueous solutions, successfully replacing polysaccharide, especially cellulose-based polymers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Ungureanu
- “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” Iasi University of Life Sciences, 3 Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700490 Iasi, Romania; (E.U.); (D.C.Ț.); (C.O.B.); (C.C.); (D.C.J.)
| | - Maria E. Fortună
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry “Petru Poni”, 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Denis C. Țopa
- “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” Iasi University of Life Sciences, 3 Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700490 Iasi, Romania; (E.U.); (D.C.Ț.); (C.O.B.); (C.C.); (D.C.J.)
| | - Carmen O. Brezuleanu
- “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” Iasi University of Life Sciences, 3 Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700490 Iasi, Romania; (E.U.); (D.C.Ț.); (C.O.B.); (C.C.); (D.C.J.)
| | - Vlad I. Ungureanu
- Polytechnic University of Timisoara, 2 Piata Victoriei Alley, 300006 Timisoara, Romania;
| | - Ciprian Chiruță
- “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” Iasi University of Life Sciences, 3 Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700490 Iasi, Romania; (E.U.); (D.C.Ț.); (C.O.B.); (C.C.); (D.C.J.)
| | - Razvan Rotaru
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry “Petru Poni”, 41A Grigore Ghica Voda Alley, 700487 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Bogdan M. Tofanica
- “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 73 Prof. Dr. Docent Dimitrie Mangeron Blv., 700050 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Valentin I. Popa
- “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 73 Prof. Dr. Docent Dimitrie Mangeron Blv., 700050 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Doina C. Jităreanu
- “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” Iasi University of Life Sciences, 3 Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700490 Iasi, Romania; (E.U.); (D.C.Ț.); (C.O.B.); (C.C.); (D.C.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li Z, Zhang M. Progress in the Preparation of Stimulus-Responsive Cellulose Hydrogels and Their Application in Slow-Release Fertilizers. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3643. [PMID: 37688270 PMCID: PMC10490241 DOI: 10.3390/polym15173643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Agriculture is facing challenges such as water scarcity, low fertilizer utilization, food security and environmental sustainability. Therefore, the development of slow-release fertilizer (SRF) with controlled water retention and release is particularly important. Slow-release fertilizer hydrogel (SRFH) has a three-dimensional (3D) network structure combined with fertilizer processing, displaying excellent hydrophilicity, biocompatibility and controllability. Cellulose has abundant hydroxyl groups as well as outstanding biodegradability and special mechanical properties, which make it a potential candidate material for the fabrication of hydrogels. This work would analyze and discuss various methods for preparing stimulus-responsive cellulose hydrogels and their combinations with different fertilizers. Moreover, the application and release mechanism of stimulus-responsive cellulose hydrogels in SRF have been summarized as well. Finally, we would explore the potential issues of stimulus-responsive cellulose hydrogels serving as an SRF, propose reasonable solutions and give an outlook of the future research directions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenghui Li
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Beihua University, Jilin City 132013, China;
| | - Ming Zhang
- School of Material Science and Engineering, Beihua University, Jilin City 132013, China;
- Key Laboratory of Wooden Materials Science and Engineering of Jilin Province, Beihua University, Jilin City 132013, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ciarleglio G, Cinti F, Toto E, Santonicola MG. Synthesis and Characterization of Alginate Gel Beads with Embedded Zeolite Structures as Carriers of Hydrophobic Curcumin. Gels 2023; 9:714. [PMID: 37754395 PMCID: PMC10529665 DOI: 10.3390/gels9090714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alginate-based beads containing a porous zeolite filler were developed as carriers of bioactive compounds with a hydrophobic nature, such as curcumin (Cur). Curcumin, a natural pigment extracted from the turmeric (Curcuma longa) plant, exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, and antiviral properties. To enhance the bioavailability of the drug, curcumin needs to be encapsulated in a suitable carrier that improves its dispersibility and solubility. Commercial A-type zeolites (Z5A) were used as curcumin-binding agents and they were immobilized within the alginate gel beads by cross-linking in calcium chloride solution during an extrusion dripping process. The process parameters (alginate and CaCl2 concentrations, needle gauge, collecting distance) were optimized to fabricate beads with good sphericity factor and 1.5-1.7 mm diameter in their hydrated state. The chemical structure of the gel beads was assessed using FTIR spectroscopy, while their thermal stability was evaluated through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Due to the alginate matrix, the composite Alg/ZA5-Cur beads possess pH-responsive properties. In addition, the gel beads were modified by chitosan (CS) to enhance the stability and control the degradation behavior of the gel matrix. The swelling behavior and the degradation of the beads were analyzed in physiological solutions with different pH values. Results demonstrate the stabilizing and protective effect of the chitosan coating, as well as the reinforcing effect of the zeolite filler. This makes the pH-responsive alginate gel beads good candidates for the delivery of lipophilic drugs to specific inflammatory sites.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Maria Gabriella Santonicola
- Department of Chemical Engineering Materials Environment, Sapienza University of Rome, Via del Castro Laurenziano 7, 00161 Rome, Italy; (G.C.); (F.C.); (E.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Mikhailidi A, Volf I, Belosinschi D, Tofanica BM, Ungureanu E. Cellulose-Based Metallogels-Part 2: Physico-Chemical Properties and Biological Stability. Gels 2023; 9:633. [PMID: 37623088 PMCID: PMC10453698 DOI: 10.3390/gels9080633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Metallogels represent a class of composite materials in which a metal can be a part of the gel network as a coordinated ion, act as a cross-linker, or be incorporated as metal nanoparticles in the gel matrix. Cellulose is a natural polymer that has a set of beneficial ecological, economic, and other properties that make it sustainable: wide availability, renewability of raw materials, low-cost, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. That is why metallogels based on cellulose hydrogels and additionally enriched with new properties delivered by metals offer exciting opportunities for advanced biomaterials. Cellulosic metallogels can be either transparent or opaque, which is determined by the nature of the raw materials for the hydrogel and the metal content in the metallogel. They also exhibit a variety of colors depending on the type of metal or its compounds. Due to the introduction of metals, the mechanical strength, thermal stability, and swelling ability of cellulosic materials are improved; however, in certain conditions, metal nanoparticles can deteriorate these characteristics. The embedding of metal into the hydrogel generally does not alter the supramolecular structure of the cellulose matrix, but the crystallinity index changes after decoration with metal particles. Metallogels containing silver (0), gold (0), and Zn(II) reveal antimicrobial and antiviral properties; in some cases, promotion of cell activity and proliferation are reported. The pore system of cellulose-based metallogels allows for a prolonged biocidal effect. Thus, the incorporation of metals into cellulose-based gels introduces unique properties and functionalities of this material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Mikhailidi
- Higher School of Printing and Media Technologies, St. Petersburg State University of Industrial Technologies and Design, 18 Bolshaya Morskaya Street, 191186 St. Petersburg, Russia;
| | - Irina Volf
- “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 73 Prof. Dr. Docent D. Mangeron Boulevard, 700050 Iasi, Romania
| | - Dan Belosinschi
- Département de Chimie-Biologie/Biologie Medicale, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivieres, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada;
| | - Bogdan-Marian Tofanica
- “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 73 Prof. Dr. Docent D. Mangeron Boulevard, 700050 Iasi, Romania
- IF2000 Academic Foundation, 73 Prof. Dr. Docent D. Mangeron Boulevard, 700050 Iasi, Romania
| | - Elena Ungureanu
- “Ion Ionescu de la Brad” University of Life Sciences Iasi, 3 Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700490 Iasi, Romania;
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mikhailidi A, Volf I, Belosinschi D, Tofanica BM, Ungureanu E. Cellulose-Based Metallogels-Part 1: Raw Materials and Preparation. Gels 2023; 9:gels9050390. [PMID: 37232982 DOI: 10.3390/gels9050390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Metallogels are a class of materials produced by the complexation of polymer gels with metal ions that can form coordination bonds with the functional groups of the gel. Hydrogels with metal phases attract special attention due to the numerous possibilities for functionalization. Cellulose is preferable for the production of hydrogels from economic, ecological, physical, chemical, and biological points of view since it is inexpensive, renewable, versatile, non-toxic, reveals high mechanical and thermal stability, has a porous structure, an imposing number of reactive OH groups, and good biocompatibility. Due to the poor solubility of natural cellulose, the hydrogels are commonly produced from cellulose derivatives that require multiple chemical manipulations. However, there is a number of techniques of hydrogel preparation via dissolution and regeneration of non-derivatized cellulose of various origins. Thus, hydrogels can be produced from plant-derived cellulose, lignocellulose and cellulose wastes, including agricultural, food and paper wastes. The advantages and limitations of using solvents are discussed in this review with regard to the possibility of industrial scaling up. Metallogels are often formed on the basis of ready-made hydrogels, which is why the choice of an adequate solvent is important for obtaining desirable results. The methods of the preparation of cellulose metallogels with d-transition metals in the present state of the art are reviewed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Mikhailidi
- Higher School of Printing and Media Technologies, St. Petersburg State University of Industrial Technologies and Design, 191186 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Irina Volf
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iasi, 73 Prof. Dr. Docent D. Mangeron Boulevard, 700050 Iasi, Romania
| | - Dan Belosinschi
- Département de Chimie-Biologie/Biologie Medicale, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, Trois-Rivieres, QC G8Z 4M3, Canada
| | - Bogdan-Marian Tofanica
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering and Environmental Protection, "Gheorghe Asachi" Technical University of Iasi, 73 Prof. Dr. Docent D. Mangeron Boulevard, 700050 Iasi, Romania
- IF2000 Academic Foundation, 73 Prof. Dr. Docent D. Mangeron Boulevard, 700050 Iasi, Romania
| | - Elena Ungureanu
- Department of Exact Sciences, "Ion Ionescu de la Brad" University of Life Sciences Iasi, 3 Mihail Sadoveanu Alley, 700490 Iasi, Romania
| |
Collapse
|