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Agostinacchio F, Biada E, Gambari L, Grassi F, Bucciarelli A, Motta A. Surfactant-assisted photo-crosslinked silk fibroin sponges: A versatile platform for the design of bone scaffolds. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2024; 161:213887. [PMID: 38735199 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2024.213887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Critical size bone defects cannot heal without aid and current clinical approaches exhibit some limitations, underling the need for novel solutions. Silk fibroin, derived from silkworms, is widely utilized in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine due to its remarkable properties, making it a promising candidate for bone tissue regeneration in vitro and in vivo. However, the clinical translation of silk-based materials requires refinements in 3D architecture, stability, and biomechanical properties. In earlier research, improved mechanical resistance and stability of chemically crosslinked methacrylate silk fibroin (Sil-Ma) sponges over physically crosslinked counterparts were highlighted. Furthermore, the influence of photo-initiator and surfactant concentrations on silk properties was investigated. However, the characterization of sponges with Sil-Ma solution concentrations above 10 % (w/V) was hindered by production optimization challenges, with only cell viability assessed. This study focuses on the evaluation of methacrylate sponges' suitability as temporal bone tissue regeneration scaffolds. Sil-Ma sponge fabrication at a fixed concentration of 20 % (w/V) was optimized and the impact of photo-initiator (LAP) concentrations and surfactant (Tween 80) presence/absence was studied. Their effects on pore formation, silk secondary structure, mechanical properties, and osteogenic differentiation of hBM-MSCs were investigated. We demonstrated that, by tuning silk sponges' composition, the optimal combination boosted osteogenic gene expression, offering a strategy to tailor biomechanical properties for effective bone regeneration. Utilizing Design of Experiment (DoE), correlations between sponge composition, porosity, and mechanical properties are established, guiding tailored material outcomes. Additionally, correlation matrices elucidate the microstructure's influence on gene expressions, providing insights for personalized approaches in bone tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Agostinacchio
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Material Science and Technology, Florence, Italy; BIOtech Research Center and European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Elisa Biada
- BIOtech Research Center and European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Laura Gambari
- Laboratorio Ramses, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | - Francesco Grassi
- Laboratorio Ramses, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy
| | | | - Antonella Motta
- BIOtech Research Center and European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy.
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Shashikumar U, Saraswat A, Deshmukh K, Hussain CM, Chandra P, Tsai PC, Huang PC, Chen YH, Ke LY, Lin YC, Chawla S, Ponnusamy VK. Innovative technologies for the fabrication of 3D/4D smart hydrogels and its biomedical applications - A comprehensive review. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 328:103163. [PMID: 38749384 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2024.103163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Repairing and regenerating damaged tissues or organs, and restoring their functioning has been the ultimate aim of medical innovations. 'Reviving healthcare' blends tissue engineering with alternative techniques such as hydrogels, which have emerged as vital tools in modern medicine. Additive manufacturing (AM) is a practical manufacturing revolution that uses building strategies like molding as a viable solution for precise hydrogel manufacturing. Recent advances in this technology have led to the successful manufacturing of hydrogels with enhanced reproducibility, accuracy, precision, and ease of fabrication. Hydrogels continue to metamorphose as the vital compatible bio-ink matrix for AM. AM hydrogels have paved the way for complex 3D/4D hydrogels that can be loaded with drugs or cells. Bio-mimicking 3D cell cultures designed via hydrogel-based AM is a groundbreaking in-vivo assessment tool in biomedical trials. This brief review focuses on preparations and applications of additively manufactured hydrogels in the biomedical spectrum, such as targeted drug delivery, 3D-cell culture, numerous regenerative strategies, biosensing, bioprinting, and cancer therapies. Prevalent AM techniques like extrusion, inkjet, digital light processing, and stereo-lithography have been explored with their setup and methodology to yield functional hydrogels. The perspectives, limitations, and the possible prospects of AM hydrogels have been critically examined in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uday Shashikumar
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan
| | - Aditya Saraswat
- Department of Chemistry, Amity Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Noida, UP, India
| | - Kalim Deshmukh
- New Technologies - Research Centre University of West Bohemia Univerzitní 2732/8, 30100, Plzeň, Czech Republic
| | - Chaudhery Mustansar Hussain
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Science, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ 07102, United States
| | - Pranjal Chandra
- Laboratory of Bio-Physio Sensors and Nanobioengineering, School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pei-Chien Tsai
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan; Department of Computational Biology, Institute of Bioinformatics, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 602105, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Po-Chin Huang
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes (NHRI), Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan; Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital (CMUH), China Medical University (CMU), Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hsun Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.
| | - Liang-Yin Ke
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Chung Lin
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University (NSYSU), Kaohsiung City 804, Taiwan; Center for Emerging Contaminants Research, National Sun Yat-sen University (NSYSU), Kaohsiung City 804, Taiwan.
| | - Shashi Chawla
- Department of Chemistry, Amity Institute of Applied Sciences, Amity University, Noida, UP, India.
| | - Vinoth Kumar Ponnusamy
- Department of Medicinal and Applied Chemistry, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan; Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University (KMU), Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Health Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Center for Emerging Contaminants Research, National Sun Yat-sen University (NSYSU), Kaohsiung City 804, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital (KMUH), Kaohsiung City 807, Taiwan; Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University (NSYSU), Kaohsiung City 804, Taiwan.
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Agostinacchio F, Fitzpatrick V, Dirè S, Kaplan DL, Motta A. Silk fibroin-based inks for in situ 3D printing using a double crosslinking process. Bioact Mater 2024; 35:122-134. [PMID: 38312518 PMCID: PMC10837071 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024] Open
Abstract
The shortage of tissues and organs for transplantation is an urgent clinical concern. In situ 3D printing is an advanced 3D printing technique aimed at printing the new tissue or organ directly in the patient. The ink for this process is central to the outcomes, and must meet specific requirements such as rapid gelation, shape integrity, stability over time, and adhesion to surrounding healthy tissues. Among natural materials, silk fibroin exhibits fascinating properties that have made it widely studied in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. However, further improvements in silk fibroin inks are needed to match the requirements for in situ 3D printing. In the present study, silk fibroin-based inks were developed for in situ applications by exploiting covalent crosslinking process consisting of a pre-photo-crosslinking prior to printing and in situ enzymatic crosslinking. Two different silk fibroin molecular weights were characterized and the synergistic effect of the covalent bonds with shear forces enhanced the shift in silk secondary structure toward β-sheets, thus, rapid stabilization. These hydrogels exhibited good mechanical properties, stability over time, and resistance to enzymatic degradation over 14 days, with no significant changes over time in their secondary structure and swelling behavior. Additionally, adhesion to tissues in vitro was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Agostinacchio
- National Interuniversity Consortium of Material Science and Technology, Florence, Italy
- BIOtech Research Center and European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - Vincent Fitzpatrick
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Sandra Dirè
- Materials Chemistry Group & “Klaus Müller” Magnetic Resonance Laboratory, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
| | - David L. Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Antonella Motta
- BIOtech Research Center and European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, Trento, Italy
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Spessot E, Passuello S, Shah LV, Maniglio D, Motta A. Nanocomposite Methacrylated Silk Fibroin-Based Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering. Biomimetics (Basel) 2024; 9:218. [PMID: 38667229 PMCID: PMC11048339 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics9040218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The treatment of bone defects is a clinical challenge. Bone tissue engineering is gaining interest as an alternative to current treatments, with the development of 3D porous structures (scaffolds) helpful in promoting bone regeneration by ensuring temporary functional support. In this work, methacrylated silk fibroin (SilMA) sponges were investigated as scaffolds for bone tissue engineering by exploiting the combination of physical (induced by NaCl salt during particulate leaching) and chemical crosslinking (induced by UV-light exposure) techniques. A biomimetic approach was adopted to better simulate the extracellular matrix of the bone by introducing either natural (mussel shell-derived) or synthetic-origin hydroxyapatite nanoparticles into the SilMA sponges. The obtained materials were characterized in terms of pore size, water absorption capability and mechanical properties to understand both the effect of the inclusion of the two different types of nanoparticles and the effect of the photocrosslinking. Moreover, the SilMA sponges were tested for their bioactivity and suitability for bone tissue engineering purposes by using osteosarcoma cells, studying their metabolism by an AlamarBlue assay and their morphology by scanning electron microscopy. Results indicate that photocrosslinking helps in obtaining more regular structures with bimodal pore size distributions and in enhancing the stability of the constructs in water. Moreover, the addition of naturally derived hydroxyapatite was observed to be more effective at activating osteosarcoma cell metabolism than synthetic hydroxyapatite, showing a statistically significant difference in the AlamarBlue measurement on day 7 after seeding. The methacrylated silk fibroin/hydroxyapatite nanocomposite sponges developed in this work were found to be promising tools for targeting bone regeneration with a sustainable approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Spessot
- Department of Industrial Engineering and BIOtech Research Centre, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy; (E.S.); (L.V.S.); (A.M.)
- European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Via delle Regole 101, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Serena Passuello
- Department of Industrial Engineering and BIOtech Research Centre, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy; (E.S.); (L.V.S.); (A.M.)
| | - Lekha Vinod Shah
- Department of Industrial Engineering and BIOtech Research Centre, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy; (E.S.); (L.V.S.); (A.M.)
- European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Via delle Regole 101, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Devid Maniglio
- Department of Industrial Engineering and BIOtech Research Centre, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy; (E.S.); (L.V.S.); (A.M.)
- European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Via delle Regole 101, 38123 Trento, Italy
| | - Antonella Motta
- Department of Industrial Engineering and BIOtech Research Centre, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 9, 38123 Trento, Italy; (E.S.); (L.V.S.); (A.M.)
- European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Unit, Via delle Regole 101, 38123 Trento, Italy
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He X, Wang R, Zhou F, Liu H. Recent advances in photo-crosslinkable methacrylated silk (Sil-MA)-based scaffolds for regenerative medicine: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128031. [PMID: 37972833 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Silks fibroin can be chemically modified through amino acid side chains to obtain methacrylated silk (Sil-MA). Sil-MA could be processed into a variety of scaffold forms and combine synergistically with other biomaterials to form composites vehicle. The advent of Sil-MA material has enabled impressive progress in the development of various scaffolds based on Sil-MA type to imitate the structural and functional characteristics of natural tissues. This review highlights the reasonable design and bio-fabrication strategies of diverse Sil-MA-based tissue constructs for regenerative medicine. First, we elucidate modification methodology and characteristics of Sil-MA. Next, we describe characteristics of Sil-MA hydrogels, and focus on the design approaches and formation of different types of Sil-MA-based hydrogels. Thereafter, we present an overview of the recent advances in the application of Sil-MA based scaffolds for regenerative medicine, including detailed strategies for the engineering methods and materials used. Finally, we summarize the current research progress and future directions of Sil-MA in regenerative medicine. This review not only delineates the representative design strategies and their application in regenerative medicine, but also provides new direction in the fabrication of biomaterial constructs for the clinical translation in order to stimulate the future development of implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi He
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University) of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, PR China
| | - RuiDeng Wang
- Peking University Third Hospital, Department of Orthopaedics, PR China; Peking University Third Hospital, Engineering Research Center of Bone and Joint Precision Medicine, PR China
| | - Fang Zhou
- Peking University Third Hospital, Department of Orthopaedics, PR China
| | - Haifeng Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biomechanics and Mechanobiology (Beihang University) of Ministry of Education, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, PR China.
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