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Chikkatti BS, Sajjan AM, Banapurmath NR, Bhutto JK, Verma R, Yunus Khan TM. Fabrication of Flexible Films for Supercapacitors Using Halloysite Nano-Clay Incorporated Poly(lactic acid). Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4587. [PMID: 38231974 PMCID: PMC10708593 DOI: 10.3390/polym15234587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
In the past few years, significant research efforts have been directed toward improving the electrochemical capabilities of supercapacitors by advancing electrode materials. The present work signifies the development of poly(lactic acid)/alloysite nano-clay as an electrode material for supercapacitors. Physico-chemical characterizations were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, and a universal testing machine. Cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and galvanostatic charge-discharge techniques were employed to evaluate electrochemical characteristics. The optimized poly(lactic acid)/halloysite nano-clay film revealed the highest specific capacitance of 205.5 F g-1 at 0.05 A g-1 current density and showed 14.6 Wh kg-1 energy density at 72 W kg-1 power density. Capacitance retention of 98.48% was achieved after 1000 cycles. The microsupercapacitor device presented a specific capacitance of 197.7 mF g-1 at a current density of 0.45 mA g-1 with 10.8 mWh kg-1 energy density at 549 mW kg-1 power density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bipin S. Chikkatti
- Department of Chemistry, KLE Technological University, Hubballi 580031, India;
| | - Ashok M. Sajjan
- Department of Chemistry, KLE Technological University, Hubballi 580031, India;
- Centre of Excellence in Material Science, School of Mechanical Engineering, KLE Technological University, Hubballi 580031, India;
| | - Nagaraj R. Banapurmath
- Centre of Excellence in Material Science, School of Mechanical Engineering, KLE Technological University, Hubballi 580031, India;
| | - Javed Khan Bhutto
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; (J.K.B.); (R.V.)
| | - Rajesh Verma
- Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia; (J.K.B.); (R.V.)
| | - T. M. Yunus Khan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia
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Kim HY, Jekal S, Kim CG, Noh J, Kim J, Chu YR, Otgonbayar Z, Oh WC, Lee SH, Yoon CM. Preparation of a High-Performance Asymmetric Supercapacitor by Recycling Aluminum Paper and Filter Components of Heated Tobacco. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6454. [PMID: 37834592 PMCID: PMC10573335 DOI: 10.3390/ma16196454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Al paper and cellulose acetate (CA) filters derived from heated tobacco waste were successfully converted into current collectors and active materials for a supercapacitor device. Typically, heated tobacco contains electrically discontinuous Al paper. First, Al was extracted from the tobacco waste using HCl to produce Lewis acid (AlCl3). This acid was then used in an Al electrodeposition process utilizing the chloroaluminate ionic liquid reaction between the acid and the base (RCl) at room temperature. To enhance the conductivity, a supplementary coating of Al metal was applied to the Al paper through electrodeposition, thus re-establishing the electrical continuity of the discontinuous parts and forming an Al-coated current collector. Moreover, the CA filters were carbonized under a nitrogen atmosphere, yielding carbon precursors (C-CA) for the supercapacitor electrodes. To further enhance the electrochemical performance, nickel oxide (NiO) was incorporated into C-CA, resulting in C-CA@NiO with pseudocapacitance. The specific surface area of CA increased with carbonization and the subsequent incorporation of NiO. The as-synthesized C-CA and C-CA@NiO materials were applied to an Al-coated current collector to obtain C-CA- and C-CA@NiO-based electrodes, exhibiting stable electrochemical behavior in the voltage range of -1.0 to 0 V and 0 to 1.0 V, respectively. An asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) device was assembled with C-CA@NiO and C-CA as the positive and negative electrodes, respectively. This ASC device demonstrated a high specific capacitance of 40.8 F g-1, while widening the operating voltage window to 2.0 V. The high electrochemical performance of the device is attributed to the successful Al electrodeposition, which facilitates the electrical conductivity and increased porosity of the C-CA@NiO and C-CA materials. To the best of our knowledge, this is a pioneering study in regards to the conversion of biomass waste into current collectors and active materials to fabricate a practical ASC device. Our findings highlight the potential of reusing Al paper and CA filters from heated tobacco waste as essential components of energy storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ha-Yeong Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon 34158, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Jekal
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon 34158, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Gyo Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon 34158, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungchul Noh
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering and Texas Material Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Jiwon Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon 34158, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Ryong Chu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon 34158, Republic of Korea
| | - Zambaga Otgonbayar
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon 34158, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Chun Oh
- Department of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Hanseo University, Seosan-si 31962, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hun Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon 34158, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Min Yoon
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon 34158, Republic of Korea
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Yoon CM, Jekal S, Kim DH, Noh J, Kim J, Kim HY, Kim CG, Chu YR, Oh WC. 3D Hierarchically Structured Tin Oxide and Iron Oxide-Embedded Carbon Nanofiber with Outermost Polypyrrole Layer for High-Performance Asymmetric Supercapacitor. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13101614. [PMID: 37242031 DOI: 10.3390/nano13101614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Herein, unique three-dimensional (3D) hierarchically structured carbon nanofiber (CNF)/metal oxide/conducting polymer composite materials were successfully synthesized by combinations of various experimental methods. Firstly, base CNFs were synthesized by carbonization of electrospun PAN/PVP fibers to attain electric double-layer capacitor (EDLC) characteristics. To further enhance the capacitance, tin oxide (SnO2) and iron oxide (Fe2O3) were coated onto the CNFs via facile hydrothermal treatment. Finally, polypyrrole (PPy) was introduced as the outermost layer by a dispersion polymerization method under static condition to obtain 3D-structured CNF/SnO2/PPy and CNF/Fe2O3/PPy materials. With each synthesis step, the morphology and dimension of materials were transformed, which also added the benign characteristic for supercapacitor application. For the practical application, as-synthesized CNF/SnO2/PPy and CNF/Fe2O3/PPy were applied as active materials for supercapacitor electrodes, and superb specific capacitances of 508.1 and 426.8 F g-1 (at 1 A g-1) were obtained (three-electrode system). Furthermore, an asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) device was assembled using CNF/SnO2/PPy as the positive electrode and CNF/Fe2O3/PPy as the negative electrode. The resulting CNF/SnO2/PPy//CNF/Fe2O3/PPy device exhibited excellent specific capacitance of 101.2 F g-1 (at 1 A g-1). Notably, the ASC device displayed a long-term cyclability (at 2000 cycles) with a retention rate of 81.1%, compared to a CNF/SnO2//CNF/Fe2O3 device of 70.3% without an outermost PPy layer. By introducing the outermost PPy layer, metal oxide detachment from CNFs were prevented to facilitate long-term cyclability of electrodes. Accordingly, this study provides an effective method for manufacturing a high-performance and stable supercapacitor by utilizing unique 3D hierarchical materials, comprised of CNF, metal oxide, and conducting polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Min Yoon
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon 34158, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Jekal
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon 34158, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon 34158, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungchul Noh
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering and Texas Material Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Jiwon Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon 34158, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Yeong Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon 34158, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Gyo Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon 34158, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Ryong Chu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon 34158, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Chun Oh
- Department of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Hanseo University, Seosan-si 31962, Republic of Korea
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Kim DH, Jekal S, Kim CG, Chu YR, Noh J, Kim MS, Lee N, Song WJ, Yoon CM. Facile Enhancement of Electrochemical Performance of Solid-State Supercapacitor via Atmospheric Plasma Treatment on PVA-Based Gel-Polymer Electrolyte. Gels 2023; 9:gels9040351. [PMID: 37102963 PMCID: PMC10137675 DOI: 10.3390/gels9040351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A facile oxygen (O2) atmospheric plasma treatment is applied to a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) matrix to enhance its wettability and hydrophilicity. The optimal plasma treatment conditions are determined by varying the applied plasma power and plasma treatment time. A PVA matrix treated with a plasma power of 120 W for 5 s shows the most hydrophilicity owing to successful formation of carbonyl (-CO, >C=O) functional groups without any structural degradation. The plasma-treated PVA matrix is used as the gel-polymer electrolyte of a solid-state supercapacitor (SSC) by immersing solid matrix into various liquid electrolytes, such as sodium sulfate (Na2SO4), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), and potassium hydroxide (KOH). Compared with the pristine PVA-based device, PVA-120W5/Na2SO4-, PVA-120W5/H2SO4-, and PVA-120W5/KOH-based SSCs show 2.03, 2.05, and 2.14 times higher specific capacitances, respectively. The plasma-treated PVA matrix shows increased specific capacitance owing to the increased wettability, which in turn increases the ion transportation and reduces the electrical resistance. This study successfully demonstrates that the electrochemical performance of a SSC can be readily enhanced through plasma treatment for a short time (≤5 s).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Hyun Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon 34158, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk Jekal
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon 34158, Republic of Korea
| | - Chan-Gyo Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon 34158, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon-Ryong Chu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon 34158, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungchul Noh
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering and Texas Material Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Min Sang Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon 34158, Republic of Korea
| | - Neunghi Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon 34158, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Jin Song
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
- Department of Organic Materials Engineering, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Min Yoon
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon 34158, Republic of Korea
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