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Pratinthong K, Punyodom W, Jantrawut P, Jantanasakulwong K, Tongdeesoontorn W, Sriyai M, Panyathip R, Thanakkasaranee S, Worajittiphon P, Tanadchangsaeng N, Rachtanapun P. Modification of a Carboxymethyl Cellulose/Poly(vinyl alcohol) Hydrogel Film with Citric Acid and Glutaraldehyde Crosslink Agents to Enhance the Anti-Inflammatory Effectiveness of Triamcinolone Acetonide in Wound Healing. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1798. [PMID: 39000654 PMCID: PMC11244469 DOI: 10.3390/polym16131798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Anti-inflammatory wound healing involves targeted drug delivery to the wound site using hydrogel materials to prolong drug effectiveness. In this work, hydrogel films were fabricated using carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) crosslinked with citric acid (CA) and glutaraldehyde (GA) at different concentrations. The crosslinker densities were optimized with various CA (2-10% w/v) and GA (1-5% v/v) concentrations. The optimized crosslink densities in the hydrogel exhibited additional functional group peaks in the FT-IR spectra at 1740 cm-1 for the C=O stretching of the ester linkage in CA and at 1060 cm-1 for the C-O-C stretching of the ether group in GA. Significantly, the internal porous structures of hydrogel composite films improved density, swelling capacities, solubility percentage reduction, and decreased water retention capacities with optimized crosslinker densities. Therefore, these hydrogel composite films were utilized as drug carriers for controlled drug release within 24 h during medical treatment. Moreover, the hydrogel films demonstrated increased triamcinolone acetonide (TAA) absorption with higher crosslinker density, resulting in delayed drug release and improved TAA efficiency in anti-inflammatory activity. As a result, the modified hydrogel showed the capability of being an alternative material with enhanced anti-inflammatory efficiency with hydrogel films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanticha Pratinthong
- Division of Packaging Technology, School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (K.P.); (K.J.); (R.P.); (S.T.)
| | - Winita Punyodom
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Center of Excellence in Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Pensak Jantrawut
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Muang, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Center of Excellence in Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Kittisak Jantanasakulwong
- Division of Packaging Technology, School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (K.P.); (K.J.); (R.P.); (S.T.)
- Center of Excellence in Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Wirongrong Tongdeesoontorn
- School of Agro-Industry, Mae Fah Luang University, 333 Moo 1 Tasud, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand;
- Research Center of Innovative Food Packaging and Biomaterials Unit, Mae Fah Luang University, 333 Moo 1 Tasud, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand
| | - Montira Sriyai
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Bioplastics Production Laboratory for Medical Applications, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Rangsan Panyathip
- Division of Packaging Technology, School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (K.P.); (K.J.); (R.P.); (S.T.)
- Office of Research Administration, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
| | - Sarinthip Thanakkasaranee
- Division of Packaging Technology, School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (K.P.); (K.J.); (R.P.); (S.T.)
- Center of Excellence in Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
| | - Patnarin Worajittiphon
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand;
- Center of Excellence in Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | | | - Pornchai Rachtanapun
- Division of Packaging Technology, School of Agro-Industry, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand; (K.P.); (K.J.); (R.P.); (S.T.)
- Center of Excellence in Materials Science and Technology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Agro Bio-Circular-Green Industry (Agro BCG), Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50100, Thailand
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Bonde S, Chandarana C, Prajapati P, Vashi V. A comprehensive review on recent progress in chitosan composite gels for biomedical uses. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 272:132723. [PMID: 38825262 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.132723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Chitosan (CS) composite gels have emerged as promising materials with diverse applications in biomedicine. This review provides a concise overview of recent advancements and key aspects in the development of CS composite gels. The unique properties of CS, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and antimicrobial activity, make it an attractive candidate for gel-based composites. Incorporating various additives, such as nanoparticles, polymers, and bioactive compounds, enhances the mechanical, thermal, and biological and other functional properties of CS gels. This review discusses the fabrication methods employed for CS composite gels, including blending and crosslinking, highlighting their influence on the final properties of the gels. Furthermore, the uses of CS composite gels in tissue engineering, wound healing, drug delivery, and 3D printing highlight their potential to overcome a number of the present issues with drug delivery. The biocompatibility, antimicrobial properties, electroactive, thermosensitive and pH responsive behavior and controlled release capabilities of these gels make them particularly suitable for biomedical applications. In conclusion, CS composite gels represent a versatile class of materials with significant potential for a wide range of applications. Further research and development efforts are necessary to optimize their properties and expand their utility in pharmaceutical and biomedical fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smita Bonde
- SSR College of Pharmacy, Sayli, Silvassa 396230, UT of Dadra and Nagar Haveli, India.
| | - Chandani Chandarana
- SSR College of Pharmacy, Sayli, Silvassa 396230, UT of Dadra and Nagar Haveli, India
| | - Parixit Prajapati
- SSR College of Pharmacy, Sayli, Silvassa 396230, UT of Dadra and Nagar Haveli, India
| | - Vidhi Vashi
- SSR College of Pharmacy, Sayli, Silvassa 396230, UT of Dadra and Nagar Haveli, India
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Zhang Q, Yan K, Zheng X, Liu Q, Han Y, Liu Z. Research progress of photo-crosslink hydrogels in ophthalmology: A comprehensive review focus on the applications. Mater Today Bio 2024; 26:101082. [PMID: 38774449 PMCID: PMC11107262 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.101082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Hydrogel presents a three-dimensional polymer network with high water content. Over the past decade, hydrogel has developed from static material to intelligent material with controllable response. Various stimuli are involved in the formation of hydrogel network, among which photo-stimulation has attracted wide attention due to the advantages of controllable conditions, which has a good application prospect in the treatment of ophthalmic diseases. This paper reviews the application of photo-crosslink hydrogels in ophthalmology, focusing on the types of photo-crosslink hydrogels and their applications in ophthalmology, including drug delivery, tissue engineering and 3D printing. In addition, the limitations and future prospects of photo-crosslink hydrogels are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghe Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang Hunan 421001, China
| | - Ke Yan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang Hunan 421001, China
| | - Xiaoqin Zheng
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang Hunan 421001, China
| | - Qiuping Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang Hunan 421001, China
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang Hunan 421001, China
| | - Zuguo Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang Hunan 421001, China
- Xiamen University Affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Fujian Engineering and Research Center of Eye Regenerative Medicine, Eye Institute of Xiamen University, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen Fujian 361005, China
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Elhami N, Pazhang M, Beygi-Khosrowshahi Y, Dehghani A. Development of nanocomposites based on chitosan/reduced graphene oxide for wound healing application. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:128832. [PMID: 38128799 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Nanocomposites containing different effective materials have various effects, such as antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory activity, which are desirable for wound dressing. Herein, nanocomposites based on chitosan/reduced graphene oxide (CS/rGO) containing curcumin (CS/rGO/Cur), curcumin and papain (CS/rGO/Cur/Pa), curcumin, papain, and collagen peptide (CS/rGO/CP/Cur/Pa), prepared using ionic gelation method and characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), Differential Light Scattering (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Subsequently, the nanocomposite's potential for wound healing was studied through parameters such as porosity, swelling, degradability, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, cell viability, and in-vivo. The results of FTIR, XRD, SEM, and DLS showed that the nanocomposites synthesized properly with an almost spherical morphology, an average diameter of below 100 nm (mostly 40-85 nm), and a hydrodynamic diameter of 455-616 nm. The various tests demonstrated the nanocomposite's effectiveness in wound healing. The results showed that CS/rGO/CP/Cur/Pa increased the anti-inflammatory and cell viability up to 99.7 % and 395 %, respectively, which is higher than others. Animal tests on rats showed that CS/rGO/CP/Cur/Pa accelerated the wound healing rate up to 70 %. In conclusion, the results showed that the nanocomposites based on CS/rGO significantly improve wound healing, and the presence of collagen peptides boost their wound healing potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Elhami
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Pazhang
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Younes Beygi-Khosrowshahi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Amir Dehghani
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
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Zhang K, Liu Y, Zhao Z, Shi X, Zhang R, He Y, Zhang H, Wang W. Magnesium-Doped Nano-Hydroxyapatite/Polyvinyl Alcohol/Chitosan Composite Hydrogel: Preparation and Characterization. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:651-671. [PMID: 38269254 PMCID: PMC10807547 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s434060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Polyvinyl alcohol/Chitosan hydrogel is often employed as a carrier because it is non-toxic, biodegradable, and has a three-dimensional network structure. Meanwhile, Magnesium-doped nano-hydroxyapatite(Mg-nHA) demonstrated high characterization to promote the osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cell(BMSCs). Therefore, in order to develop a porous hydrogel scaffold for the application of bone tissue engineering, an appropriate-type Mg-nHA hydrogel scaffold was developed and evaluated. Methods A composite hydrogel containing magnesium-doped nano-hydroxyapatite (Mg-nHA/PVA/CS) was developed using a magnetic stirring-ion exchange method and cyclic freeze-thaw method design, with polyvinyl alcohol and chitosan as the main components. Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), electron energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectrometer (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to analyze the chemical structure, porosity, and elemental composition of each hydrogels. The equilibrium swelling degree, moisture content, pH change, potential for biomineralization, biocompatibility, the osteogenic potential and magnesium ion release rate of the composite hydrogel were also evaluated. Results SEM analysis revealed a well-defined 3D spatial structure of micropores in the synthesised hydrogel. FTIR analysis showed that doping nanoparticles had little effect on the hydrogel's structure and both the 5% Mg-nHA/PVA/CS and 10% Mg-nHA/PVA/CS groups promoted amide bond formation. EDS observation indicated that the new material exhibited favourable biomineralization ability, with optimal performance seen in the 5% Mg-nHA/PVA/CS group. The composite hydrogel not only displayed favourable water content, enhanced biocompatibility, and porosity (similar to human cancellous bone), but also maintained an equilibrium swelling degree and released magnesium ions that created an alkaline environment around it. Additionally, it facilitated the proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and their osteogenic differentiation. Conclusion The Mg-nHA/PVA/CS hydrogel demonstrates significant potential for application in the field of bone repair, making it an excellent composite material for bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kui Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital of Xi ‘an Medical College, Xi’ an, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenrui Zhao
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuewen Shi
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruihao Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yixiang He
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huaibin Zhang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenji Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, the First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Adel IM, ElMeligy MF, Amer MS, Elkasabgy NA. Gellan gum-based bi-polymeric hydrogel scaffolds loaded with Rosuvastatin calcium: A useful tool for tendon tissue regeneration. Eur J Pharm Sci 2024; 192:106659. [PMID: 38052258 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2023.106659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Statins have been long used in tissue engineering, besides their marketed hypolipidemic benefits. The aim of this research was to sustain the release of rosuvastatin calcium from bi-polymeric hydrogel scaffolds. A bi-polymer blend technique was used to enhance the mechanical properties of the fabricated hydrogels. Briefly, hydrogels were prepared via crosslinking gellan gum as the main polymer together with a secondary polymer in the presence of Ca2+. The fabricated hydrogels were assessed in terms of % swelling capacity, hydrolytic degradation and % drug released to determine the most efficient carrier system. The selected hydrogel exhibited a swelling capacity of 131.45±1.49 % following 3 weeks in an aqueous environment with a % weight loss of 15.73±1.86 % after 4 weeks post-equilibrium in aqueous medium. The results ensure a proper window for adequate drug diffusion and nutrient exchange. Sustained release was attained where 94.61±2.77 % of rosuvastatin was released at the 4-week mark. Later, FT-IR and DSC, were carried out and suggested the successful crosslinking and formation of new matrix. SEM images demonstrated the porous surface of the hydrogel while a Young's modulus of 888.558±73.549 kPa indicated the suitability of the hydrogel for soft tissue engineering. In-vivo testing involved implanting the selected hydrogel at precisely surgical cuts in the Achilles tendon of male Wistar Albino rats. Upon visual and microscopic evaluation, enhanced rates of fibrous tissue formation, vascularization and collagen expression were clearly noticed in the treatment group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam M Adel
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
| | - Mohamed F ElMeligy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Mohammed S Amer
- Department of Surgery, Anaesthesiology and Radiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo 12211, Egypt
| | - Nermeen A Elkasabgy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
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Araújo D, Martins M, Freitas F. Exploring the Drug-Loading and Release Ability of FucoPol Hydrogel Membranes. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14591. [PMID: 37834039 PMCID: PMC10572272 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The polysaccharide FucoPol has recently been shown to yield hydrogel membranes (HMs) characterized by good mechanical properties, biocompatibility, and anti-inflammatory activity that render them promising biomaterials for use in the biomedical field. Subsequently to such findings, envisaging their development into novel delivery systems for topical applications, in this study, FucoPol HMs prepared by crosslinking the biopolymer with iron cations were loaded with caffeine or diclofenac sodium as model drugs. Two loading methods, namely diffusion and mixing, were applied to evaluate the FucoPol's HM drug-loading capacity and entrapment efficiency. The diffusion method led to a higher caffeine loading (101.9 ± 19.1 mg/g) in the HM1_DCAF membranes, while the mixing method resulted in a higher diclofenac sodium loading (82.3 ± 5.1 mg/g) in the HM1_DDS membranes. The HM1_DCAF membranes were characterized by increased mechanical and rheological parameters, such as their hardness (130.0 ± 5.3 kPa) and storage modulus (1014.9 ± 109.7 Pa), compared to the HM1_DDS membranes that exhibited lower values (7.3 ± 1.2 kPa and 19.8 ± 3.8 Pa, respectively), probably due to leaching occurring during the drug-loading process. The release profiles revealed a fast release of both APIs from the membranes loaded by diffusion, while a prolonged and sustained release was obtained from the membranes loaded by mixing. Moreover, for all API-loaded membranes, the release mechanism followed Fickian diffusion, with the release rate being essentially governed by the diffusion process. These findings, together with their previously shown biological properties, support the suitability of the developed FucoPol HMs to be used as platforms for the topical delivery of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Araújo
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (D.A.); (M.M.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Matilde Martins
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (D.A.); (M.M.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Filomena Freitas
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; (D.A.); (M.M.)
- UCIBIO—Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, Department of Chemistry, School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
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Yudaev P, Butorova I, Chuev V, Posokhova V, Klyukin B, Chistyakov E. Wound Gel with Antimicrobial Effects Based on Polyvinyl Alcohol and Functional Aryloxycyclotriphosphazene. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2831. [PMID: 37447477 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
A silver-containing gel based on polyvinyl alcohol and aryloxycyclotriphosphazene containing β-carboxyethenylphenoxy and p-formylphenoxy groups has been developed. Phosphazene was synthesized via the Doebner reaction from hexakis[(4-formyl)phenoxy]cyclotriphosphazene and malonic acid and characterized by 1H, 13C, and 31P NMR spectroscopy and MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The study of the gel using scanning electron microscopy showed that the gel contains open pores and can absorb wound exudate. The maximum water absorption capacity of the gel was 272%, which was reached after 80 min of testing. The antimicrobial activity of the obtained silver-containing gel was evaluated using the diffusion method. The gel was found to inhibit the growth of the main microorganisms in contact with the skin: the bacteria S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, E. coli, B. subtilis, S. epidermidis, and C. stationis and the fungus C. albicans. The study of the wound-healing effect of the gel in vivo showed a decrease in the wound area of the rabbit hind limb by 91.43% (p < 0.05) on the 10th day of observation and a decrease in the content of C-reactive protein in the rabbit blood serum by 1.3 times (p < 0.05).
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Yudaev
- Department of Chemical Technology of Plastics, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya Sq., 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - Irina Butorova
- Department of Chemical Technology of Plastics, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya Sq., 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - Vladimir Chuev
- Belgorod National Research University, Pobedy Street, 85, 308015 Belgorod, Russia
| | | | - Bogdan Klyukin
- Department of Chemical Technology of Plastics, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya Sq., 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgeniy Chistyakov
- Department of Chemical Technology of Plastics, Mendeleev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, Miusskaya Sq., 9, 125047 Moscow, Russia
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