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Folle C, Sánchez-López E, Mallandrich M, Díaz-Garrido N, Suñer-Carbó J, Halbaut L, Carvajal-Vidal P, Marqués AM, Espina M, Badia J, Baldoma L, García ML, Calpena AC. Semi-solid functionalized nanostructured lipid carriers loading thymol for skin disorders. Int J Pharm 2024; 651:123732. [PMID: 38142012 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
Acne constitutes one of the most prevalent skin disorder affecting both skin and mental health of patients. However, no cure has been developed so far. In this area, Thymol constitutes a potential candidate since it is able to restore the healthy microbiota of the skin. However, its permeation properties cause its fast elimination and, to avoid this problem, thymol has been loaded into nanostructured lipid carriers (TH-NLCs). Moreover, to increase the suitability of these systems for skin applications, several surface functionalization strategies of TH-NLCs had been assessed. Among the different molecules, phosphatidylcholine-TH-NLCs demonstrated to be safe as well as to provide high antioxidant activity in cellular studies. Therefore, to administer these systems to the skin, functionalized TH-NLCs were dispersed into a carbomer gel developing semi-solid formulations. Rheological properties, porosity and extensibility of TH dispersed in carbomer as well as phosphatidylcholine-TH-NLCs were assessed demonstrating suitable properties for dermal applications. Moreover, both formulations were applied in healthy volunteers demonstrating that gel-phosphatidylcholine-TH-NLCs were able to increase in skin hydration, decrease water loss and reduce skin sebum. Therefore, gel-phosphatidylcholine-TH-NLCs proved to be a suitable system for skin pathologies linked with high sebum generation, loss of hydration and high oxidation, such as acne vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Folle
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Elena Sánchez-López
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Mireia Mallandrich
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natalia Díaz-Garrido
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Biochemistry and Biomolecular Science, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), 08028, Barcelona, Spain; Research Institute Sant Joan De Déu (IR‑SJD), 08950, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Suñer-Carbó
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lyda Halbaut
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paulina Carvajal-Vidal
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana M Marqués
- Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Espina
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josefa Badia
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Biochemistry and Biomolecular Science, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), 08028, Barcelona, Spain; Research Institute Sant Joan De Déu (IR‑SJD), 08950, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Baldoma
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Biochemistry and Biomolecular Science, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Biomedicine of the University of Barcelona (IBUB), 08028, Barcelona, Spain; Research Institute Sant Joan De Déu (IR‑SJD), 08950, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Luisa García
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Cristina Calpena
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain; Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
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