Golgi Oncoprotein GOLPH3 Gene Expression Is Regulated by Functional E2F and CREB/ATF Promoter Elements

Upregulation of GOLPH3 mediated by Bisphenol a promotes colorectal cancer proliferation and migration: evidence based on integrated analysis

Background

The interaction between environmental endocrine-disrupting chemicals, such as Bisphenol A (BPA), and their influence on cancer progression, particularly regarding the GOLPH3 gene in colorectal cancer, remains unclear.

Methods

We performed an integrated analysis of transcriptional profiling, clinical data, and bioinformatics analyses utilizing data from the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database and The Cancer Genome Atlas. The study employed ClueGO, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis, and Gene Set Variation Analysis for functional enrichment analysis, alongside experimental assays to examine the effects of BPA exposure on colorectal cancer cell lines, focusing on GOLPH3 expression and its implications for cancer progression.

Results

Our findings demonstrated that BPA exposure significantly promoted the progression of colorectal cancer by upregulating GOLPH3, which in turn enhanced the malignant phenotype of colorectal cancer cells. Comparative analysis revealed elevated GOLPH3 protein levels in cancerous tissues versus normal tissues, with single-cell analysis indicating widespread GOLPH3 presence across various cell types in the cancer microenvironment. GOLPH3 was also associated with multiple carcinogenic pathways, including the G2M checkpoint. Furthermore, our investigation into the colorectal cancer microenvironment and genomic mutation signature underscored the oncogenic potential of GOLPH3, exacerbated by BPA exposure.

Conclusion

This study provides novel insights into the complex interactions between BPA exposure and GOLPH3 in the context of colorectal cancer, emphasizing the need for heightened awareness and measures to mitigate BPA exposure risks. Our findings advocate for further research to validate these observations in clinical and epidemiological settings and explore potential therapeutic targets within these pathways.

Silencing GOLGA8B inhibits cell invasion and metastasis by suppressing STAT3 signaling pathway in lung squamous cell carcinoma

Changes to some Golgi subfamily member proteins are reported to be involved in tumor metastasis. However, the functional role and potential mechanism of the Golgi A8 family member B (GOLGA8B) in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) remains unknown. In the present study, GOLGA8B expression was detected using qRT-PCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry (IHC). In vivo animal experiments and in vitro functional assays were performed to explore the function of GOLGA8B in LUSC. Luciferase assays were performed to investigate the underlying targets of GOLGA8B in LUSC. GOLGA8B was shown to be highly expressed in LUSC metastasis tissue, and significantly associated with the distant metastasis-free survival of LUSC patients. Loss-of-function assays indicated that silencing GOLGA8B suppressed LUSC cell tumorigenesis in vivo and weakened in vitro invasion and migration. GOLGA8B silencing-induced inhibition of invasion and migration was associated with the inactivation of STAT3 signaling. Importantly, these results showed that the number of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) was markedly higher in the GOLGA8B silencing group than in the control vector group. GOLGA8B expression was positively associated with p-STAT3 expression in LUSC tissue. Study findings revealed a novel mechanism by which GOLGA8B promotes tumor metastasis in LUSC cells and suggests that this protein could be a promising target for antitumor metastasis therapy in LUSC patients.

Clinicopathologic and prognostic implications of Golgi Phosphoprotein 3 in colorectal cancer: A meta-analysis

Background

Golgi Phosphoprotein 3 (GOLPH3) has been implicated in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC). Nevertheless, the clinicopathological and prognostic roles of GOLPH3 in CRC remain undefined. We thus did a meta-analysis to assess GOLPH3 association with the clinicopathological characteristics of patients and evaluate the prognostic significance of GOLPH3 in CRC.

Methods

An electronic search for relevant articles was conducted in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Medline, Embase, CNKI, and WanFang databases. Two independent reviewers searched all the literature and finished the data extraction and quality assessment. Odds ratio (OR) or hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to assess estimates. Stata software (version12.0) was employed to analyze the data.

Results

A total of 8 published studies were eligible (N = 723 participants). Meta-analysis revealed that GOLPH3 was found to be highly expressed in tumor tissues compared to that of adjacent colorectal tissues (OR, 2.63), and overexpression of GOLPH3 had significant relationship with advanced clinical stage (OR, 3.42). GOLPH3 expression was not correlated with gender (OR, 0.89), age (OR, 0.95), positive lymphatic metastasis (OR, 1.27), tumor size (OR, 1.12), poor differentiation of tumor (OR, 0.56) or T stage (OR, 0.70). Moreover, GOLPH3 overexpression was not associated with worse overall survival (OS) (HR = 1.14, 95% CI: 0.42–1.86, P>0.05) and disease-free survival (DFS) (HR = 0.80, 95% CI:-0.26–1.86, P>0.05).

Conclusions

GOLPH3 overexpression is correlated with tumor stage, which is an adverse clinicopathological characteristic of CRC. But, GOLPH3 can not serve as a useful biomarker in evaluating the progression of CRC.

Parkinson's Disease Master Regulators on Substantia Nigra and Frontal Cortex and Their Use for Drug Repositioning

Parkinson's disease (PD) is among the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases. Available evidences support the view of PD as a complex disease, being the outcome of interactions between genetic and environmental factors. In face of diagnosis and therapy challenges, and the elusive PD etiology, the use of alternative methodological approaches for the elucidation of the disease pathophysiological mechanisms and proposal of novel potential therapeutic interventions has become increasingly necessary. In the present study, we first reconstructed the transcriptional regulatory networks (TN), centered on transcription factors (TF), of two brain regions affected in PD, the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) and the frontal cortex (FCtx). Then, we used case-control studies data from these regions to identify TFs working as master regulators (MR) of the disease, based on region-specific TNs. Twenty-nine regulatory units enriched with differentially expressed genes were identified for the SNc, and twenty for the FCtx, all of which were considered MR candidates for PD. Three consensus MR candidates were found for SNc and FCtx, namely ATF2, SLC30A9, and ZFP69B. In order to search for novel potential therapeutic interventions, we used these consensus MR candidate signatures as input to the Connectivity Map (CMap), a computational drug repositioning webtool. This analysis resulted in the identification of four drugs that reverse the expression pattern of all three MR consensus simultaneously, benperidol, harmaline, tubocurarine chloride, and vorinostat, thus suggested as novel potential PD therapeutic interventions.

GOLPH3 inhibition reverses oxaliplatin resistance of colon cancer cells via suppression of PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway

OBJECTIVE

To explore whether GOLPH3 regulated oxaliplatin (L-OHP) resistance of colon cancer cells via PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway.

METHODS

HCT116/L-OHP cells were divided into Blank, Control/GOLPH3 shRNA, BEZ235 (a PI3K/AKT/mTOR inhibitor), and GOLPH3 + BEZ235 groups followed by the detection with MTT, soft agar colony formation, flow cytometry and TUNEL assays. Mice bearing HCT116/L-OHP xenografts were randomized into Control, L-OHP, NC/GOLPH3 shRNA, L-OHP + NC/GOLPH3 shRNA groups. The expressions of Ki67, Caspase-3, and PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway proteins were examined by immunohistochemistry.

RESULTS

HCT116/L-OHP cells had increased GOLPH3 expression compared to HCT116 cells, which positively regulated PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway in HCT116/L-OHP cells. BEZ235 declined IC50 of HCT116/L-OHP cells to L-OHP, decreased the expressions of ABCB1, ABCC1, ABCG2, ATP7A, ATP7B, MATE1, p-gp, MRP1 and BCRP, induced cell apoptosis, reduced cell proliferation, and arrested cells at G0/G1, which was reversed by GOLPH3 overexpression. L-OHP and GOLPH3 shRNA decreased tumor volume and reduced expression of Ki67 in tumor tissues with the increased Caspase-3. Meanwhile, the combined treatment had the better treatment effect.

CONCLUSION

GOLPH3 inhibition reduced proliferation and promoted apoptosis of HCT116/L-OHP cells, and also reversed the L-OHP resistance of HCT116/L-OHP, which may be associated with the suppression of P13K/AKT/mTOR pathway.

[Golgi phosphoprotein 3 overexpression inhibits paclitaxel-induced apoptosis in HeLa cells by promoting autophagy]

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the effect of Golgi phosphoprotein 3 (Golph3) on paclitaxel- induced apoptosis and autophagy in HeLa cells.

METHODS

HeLa cells were transfected with a lentiviral vector expressing Golph3 or a small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting Golph3 for up-regulation or down-regulation of Golph3 which was verified by Western blotting. The autophagic bodies in the cells were observed using transmission electron microscopy. The expression of autophagy markers p62 and LC3 were detected using Western blotting, and the cell apoptosis was examined by PI/Anexin V-FITC double staining and flow cytometry. The effects of blocking autophagy was evaluated by treatment of the cells with the autophagy inhibitor 3-MA.

RESULTS

Transmission electron microscopy showed that the lentivirus-mediated overexpression of Golph3 significantly increased the number of autophagic bodies and interference of Golph3 expression significantly decreased autophagic bodies in HeLa cells. Western blotting showed that Golph3 overexpression caused an increased expression of LC3 and decreased the accumulation of p62 in the cells, and interference of Golph3 resulted in the reverse changes. The cell apoptosis induced by paclitaxel was significantly decreased in Golph3-overexpressing HeLa cells and increased in the cells with Golph3 knockdown (P>0.01). Treatment with 3-MA alone did not obviously affect HeLa cell apoptosis, but in cells with Golph3 knockdown, 3-MA significantly enhanced paclitaxel-induced apoptosis (P>0.01).

CONCLUSIONS

Up-regulation of Golph3 promotes autophagy and inhibits paclitaxel-induced apoptosis, whereas suppression of Golph3 inhibits autophagy and enhances paclitaxel- induced apoptosis in HeLa cells.

Endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi stress in microcephaly

Microcephaly is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by a small brain size associated with intellectual deficiency in most cases and is one of the most frequent clinical sign encountered in neurodevelopmental disorders. It can result from a wide range of environmental insults occurring during pregnancy or postnatally, as well as from various genetic causes and represents a highly heterogeneous condition. However, several lines of evidence highlight a compromised mode of division of the cortical precursor cells during neurogenesis, affecting neural commitment or survival as one of the common mechanisms leading to a limited production of neurons and associated with the most severe forms of congenital microcephaly. In this context, the emergence of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi apparatus as key guardians of cellular homeostasis, especially through the regulation of proteostasis, has raised the hypothesis that pathological ER and/or Golgi stress could contribute significantly to cortical impairments eliciting microcephaly. In this review, we discuss recent findings implicating ER and Golgi stress responses in early brain development and provide an overview of microcephaly-associated genes involved in these pathways.