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Wang B, Wen X, Fu B, Wei Y, Song X, Li S, Wang L, Wu Y, Hong Y, Dai S. Genome-Wide Analysis of MYB Gene Family in Chrysanthemum ×morifolium Provides Insights into Flower Color Regulation. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1221. [PMID: 38732436 PMCID: PMC11085527 DOI: 10.3390/plants13091221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
MYBs constitute the second largest transcription factor (TF) superfamily in flowering plants with substantial structural and functional diversity, which have been brought into focus because they affect flower colors by regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis. Up to now, the genomic data of several Chrysanthemum species have been released, which provides us with abundant genomic resources for revealing the evolution of the MYB gene family in Chrysanthemum species. In the present study, comparative analyses of the MYB gene family in six representative species, including C. lavandulifolium, C. seticuspe, C. ×morifolium, Helianthus annuus, Lactuca sativa, and Arabidopsis thaliana, were performed. A total of 1104 MYBs, which were classified into four subfamilies and 35 lineages, were identified in the three Chrysanthemum species (C. lavandulifolium, C. seticuspe, and C. ×morifolium). We found that whole-genome duplication and tandem duplication are the main duplication mechanisms that drove the occurrence of duplicates in CmMYBs (particularly in the R2R3-MYB subfamily) during the evolution of the cultivated chrysanthemums. Sequence structure and selective pressure analyses of the MYB gene family revealed that some of R2R3-MYBs were subjected to positive selection, which are mostly located on the distal telomere segments of the chromosomes and contain motifs 7 and 8. In addition, the gene expression analysis of CmMYBs in different organs and at various capitulum developmental stages of C. ×morifolium indicated that CmMYBS2, CmMYB96, and CmMYB109 might be the negative regulators for anthocyanin biosynthesis. Our results provide the phylogenetic context for research on the genetic and functional evolution of the MYB gene family in Chrysanthemum species and deepen our understanding of the regulatory mechanism of MYB TFs on the flower color of C. ×morifolium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohao Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory for Genetics and Breeding of Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (B.W.)
| | - Xiaohui Wen
- Zhejiang Institute of Landscape Plants and Flowers, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 311251, China
| | - Boxiao Fu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory for Genetics and Breeding of Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (B.W.)
| | - Yuanyuan Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory for Genetics and Breeding of Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (B.W.)
| | - Xiang Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory for Genetics and Breeding of Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (B.W.)
| | - Shuangda Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory for Genetics and Breeding of Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (B.W.)
| | - Luyao Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory for Genetics and Breeding of Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (B.W.)
| | - Yanbin Wu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory for Genetics and Breeding of Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (B.W.)
| | - Yan Hong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory for Genetics and Breeding of Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (B.W.)
| | - Silan Dai
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, Beijing Laboratory of Urban and Rural Ecological Environment, Key Laboratory for Genetics and Breeding of Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants of Ministry of Education, School of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; (B.W.)
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Li S, Dong Y, Li D, Shi S, Zhao N, Liao J, Liu Y, Chen H. Eggplant transcription factor SmMYB5 integrates jasmonate and light signaling during anthocyanin biosynthesis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 194:1139-1165. [PMID: 37815242 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
Low light conditions severely suppress anthocyanin synthesis in fruit skins, leading to compromised fruit quality in eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) production. In this study, we found that exogenous methyl-jasmonate (MeJA) application can effectively rescue the poor coloration of the eggplant pericarp under low light conditions. However, the regulatory relationship between jasmonate and light signaling for regulating anthocyanin synthesis remains unclear. Here, we identified a JA response factor, SmMYB5, as an anthocyanin positive regulator by applying RNA-sequencing and characterization of transgenic plants. Firstly, we resolved that SmMYB5 can interact with TRANSPARENT TESTA8 (SmTT8), an anthocyanin-promoted BASIC HELIX-LOOP-HELIX (bHLH) transcription factor, to form the SmMYB5-SmTT8 complex and activate CHALCONE SYNTHASE (SmCHS), FLAVANONE-3-HYDROXYLASE (SmF3H), and ANTHOCYANIN SYNTHASE (SmANS) promoters by direct binding. Secondly, we revealed that JA signaling repressors JASMONATE ZIM DOMAIN5 (SmJAZ5) and SmJAZ10 can interfere with the stability and transcriptional activity of SmMYB5-SmTT8 by interacting with SmMYB5. JA can partially rescue the transcriptional activation of SmF3H and SmANS promoters by inducing SmJAZ5/10 degradation. Thirdly, we demonstrated that the protein abundance of SmMYB5 is regulated by light. CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC1 (SmCOP1) interacts with SmMYB5 to trigger SmMYB5 degradation via the 26S proteasome pathway. Finally, we delineated a light-dependent JA-SmMYB5 signaling pathway that promotes anthocyanin synthesis in eggplant fruit skins. These results provide insights into the mechanism of the integration of JA and light signals in regulating secondary metabolite synthesis in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohang Li
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yanxiao Dong
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Dalu Li
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Suli Shi
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Na Zhao
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jielei Liao
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Huoying Chen
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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Yang Y, Zhu J, Wang H, Guo D, Wang Y, Mei W, Peng S, Dai H. Systematic investigation of the R2R3-MYB gene family in Aquilaria sinensis reveals a transcriptional repressor AsMYB054 involved in 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone biosynthesis. Int J Biol Macromol 2023:125302. [PMID: 37315664 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Trees in the genus Aquilaria produce agarwood, a valuable resin used in medicine, perfumes, and incense. 2-(2-Phenethyl)chromones (PECs) are characteristic components of agarwood; however, molecular mechanisms underlying PEC biosynthesis and regulation remain largely unknown. The R2R3-MYB transcription factors play important regulatory roles in the biosynthesis of various secondary metabolites. In this study, 101 R2R3-MYB genes in Aquilaria sinensis were systematically identified and analyzed at the genome-wide level. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that 19 R2R3-MYB genes were significantly regulated by an agarwood inducer, and showed significant correlations with PEC accumulation. Expression and evolutionary analyses revealed that AsMYB054, a subgroup 4 R2R3-MYB, was negatively correlated with PEC accumulation. AsMYB054 was located in the nucleus and functioned as a transcriptional repressor. Moreover, AsMYB054 could bind to the promoters of the PEC biosynthesis related genes AsPKS02 and AsPKS09, and inhibit their transcriptional activity. These findings suggested that AsMYB054 functions as a negative regulator of PEC biosynthesis via the inhibition of AsPKS02 and AsPKS09 in A. sinensis. Our results provide a comprehensive understanding of the R2R3-MYB subfamily in A. sinensis and lay a foundation for further functional analyses of R2R3-MYB genes in PEC biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Product from Li Folk Medicine of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163000, China; International Joint Research Center of Agarwood, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Jiahong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Product from Li Folk Medicine of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China.
| | - Hao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Product from Li Folk Medicine of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; International Joint Research Center of Agarwood, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Dong Guo
- Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Product from Li Folk Medicine of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Product from Li Folk Medicine of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Wenli Mei
- Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Product from Li Folk Medicine of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; International Joint Research Center of Agarwood, Haikou 571101, China.
| | - Shiqing Peng
- Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Product from Li Folk Medicine of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; International Joint Research Center of Agarwood, Haikou 571101, China.
| | - Haofu Dai
- Key Laboratory of Research and Development of Natural Product from Li Folk Medicine of Hainan Province, Hainan Institute for Tropical Agricultural Resources, Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China; College of Life Science and Technology, Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University, Daqing, Heilongjiang 163000, China; International Joint Research Center of Agarwood, Haikou 571101, China.
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Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Unveils the Molecular Mechanism Underlying Sepal Colour Changes under Acidic pH Substratum in Hydrangea macrophylla. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232315428. [PMID: 36499756 PMCID: PMC9739076 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232315428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The hydrangea (Hydrangea macrophylla (Thunb). Ser.), an ornamental plant, has good marketing potential and is known for its capacity to change the colour of its inflorescence depending on the pH of the cultivation media. The molecular mechanisms causing these changes are still uncertain. In the present study, transcriptome and targeted metabolic profiling were used to identify molecular changes in the RNAome of hydrangea plants cultured at two different pH levels. De novo assembly yielded 186,477 unigenes. Transcriptomic datasets provided a comprehensive and systemic overview of the dynamic networks of the gene expression underlying flower colour formation in hydrangeas. Weighted analyses of gene co-expression network identified candidate genes and hub genes from the modules linked closely to the hyper accumulation of Al3+ during different stages of flower development. F3'5'H, ANS, FLS, CHS, UA3GT, CHI, DFR, and F3H were enhanced significantly in the modules. In addition, MYB, bHLH, PAL6, PAL9, and WD40 were identified as hub genes. Thus, a hypothesis elucidating the colour change in the flowers of Al3+-treated plants was established. This study identified many potential key regulators of flower pigmentation, providing novel insights into the molecular networks in hydrangea flowers.
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Tang M, Xue W, Li X, Wang L, Wang M, Wang W, Yin X, Chen B, Qu X, Li J, Wu Y, Gao X, Wei X, Bu F, Zhang L, Sui Z, Ding B, Wang Y, Zhang Q, Li Y, Zhang Y. Mitotically heritable epigenetic modifications of CmMYB6 control anthocyanin biosynthesis in chrysanthemum. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 236:1075-1088. [PMID: 35842781 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Flower color, which is determined by various chemical pigments, is a vital trait for ornamental plants, in which anthocyanin is a major component. However, the epigenetic regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis remains poorly understood. During chrysanthemum cultivation, we found a heterochromatic chrysanthemum accession (YP) whose progeny generated by asexual reproduction contained both yellow-flowered (YP-Y) and pink-flowered (YP-P) plants. In this study, we aimed to elucidate the epigenetic mechanisms of different flower colors in the YP plant progeny. Metabolome and transcriptome analyses revealed that the difference in flower color between YP-Y and YP-P was caused by expression variation of the anthocyanin biosynthesis gene CmMYB6. Bisulfite sequencing revealed that methylation at the CmMYB6 promoter, especially in the CHH context, was higher in YP-Y than YP-P. After demethylation of the CmMYB6 promoter using the dCas9-TET1cd system, the flower color returned from yellow to pink. Furthermore, the methylation status of the CmMYB6 promoter was higher in YP-Y over three consecutive generations, indicating that this methylation status was heritable mitotically. Finally, investigation of other chrysanthemum cultivars showed that the methylation of CmMYB6 decreased gradually with the increase in anthocyanin content. These results lay an epigenetic foundation for the improvement of flower color in horticultural plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingwei Tang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Wanjie Xue
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xueqi Li
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Lishan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Wanpeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xue Yin
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Bowei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xueting Qu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Jingyao Li
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xinyu Gao
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wei
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Fanqi Bu
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Lingyu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Zhuoran Sui
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Bing Ding
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Qingzhu Zhang
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yuhua Li
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Saline-alkali Vegetation Ecology Restoration (Northeast Forestry University), Ministry of Education, Harbin, 150040, China
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, China
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Wang C, Li J, Zhou T, Zhang Y, Jin H, Liu X. Transcriptional regulation of proanthocyanidin biosynthesis pathway genes and transcription factors in Indigofera stachyodes Lindl. roots. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:438. [PMID: 36096752 PMCID: PMC9469613 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03794-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Proanthocyanidins (PAs) have always been considered as important medicinal value component. In order to gain insights into the PA biosynthesis regulatory network in I. stachyodes roots, we analyzed the transcriptome of the I. stachyodes in Leaf, Stem, RootI (one-year-old root), and RootII (two-year-old root). RESULTS In this study, a total of 110,779 non-redundant unigenes were obtained, of which 63,863 could be functionally annotated. Simultaneously, 75 structural genes that regulate PA biosynthesis were identified, of these 6 structural genes (IsF3'H1, IsANR2, IsLAR2, IsUGT72L1-3, IsMATE2, IsMATE3) may play an important role in the synthesis of PAs in I. stachyodes roots. Furthermore, co-expression network analysis revealed that 34 IsMYBs, 18 IsbHLHs, 15 IsWRKYs, 9 IsMADSs, and 3 IsWIPs hub TFs are potential regulators for PA accumulation. Among them, IsMYB24 and IsMYB79 may be closely involved in the PA biosynthesis in I. stachyodes roots. CONCLUSIONS The biosynthesis of PAs in I. stachyodes roots is mainly produced by the subsequent pathway of cyanidin. Our work provides new insights into the molecular pathways underlying PA accumulation and enhances our global understanding of transcriptome dynamics throughout different tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongmin Wang
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Jun Li
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China.
| | - Tao Zhou
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Yongping Zhang
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Haijun Jin
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xiaoqing Liu
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, 550025, China
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Wang Y, Zhou LJ, Wang Y, Geng Z, Liu S, Chen C, Chen S, Jiang J, Chen F. CmMYB9a activates floral coloration by positively regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis in chrysanthemum. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 108:51-63. [PMID: 34714494 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-021-01206-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE An R2R3-MYB transcription factor, CmMYB9a, activates floral coloration in chrysanthemum by positively regulating CmCHS, CmDFR and CmFNS, but inhibiting the expression of CmFLS. Chrysanthemum is one of the most popular ornamental plants worldwide. Flavonoids, such as anthocyanins, flavones, and flavonols, are important secondary metabolites for coloration and are involved in many biological processes in plants, like petunia, snapdragon, Gerbera hybrida, as well as chrysanthemum. However, the metabolic regulation of flavonoids contributing to chrysanthemum floral coloration remains largely unexplored. Here, an R2R3-MYB transcription factor, CmMYB9a, was found to be involved in flavonoid biosynthesis. Phylogenetic analysis and amino acid sequence analysis suggested that CmMYB9a belonged to subgroup 7. Transient overexpression of CmMYB9a in flowers of chrysanthemum cultivar 'Anastasia Pink' upregulated the anthocyanin-related and flavone-related genes and downregulated CmFLS, which led to the accumulation of anthocyanins and flavones. We further demonstrated that CmMYB9a independently activates the expression of CmCHS, CmDFR and CmFNS, but inhibits the expression of CmFLS. Overexpression of CmMYB9a in tobacco resulted in increased anthocyanins and decreased flavonols in the petals by upregulating NtDFR and downregulating NtFLS. These results suggest that CmMYB9a facilitates metabolic flux into anthocyanin and flavone biosynthesis. Taken together, this study functionally characterizes the role of CmMYB9a in regulating the branched pathways of flavonoids in chrysanthemum flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiguang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang No. 1, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Jie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang No. 1, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang No. 1, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang No. 1, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shenhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang No. 1, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang No. 1, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Sumei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang No. 1, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiafu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang No. 1, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Fadi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Landscaping, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Weigang No. 1, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China.
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Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Revealed Two Alternative Splicing bHLHs Account for Flower Color Alteration in Chrysanthemum. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312769. [PMID: 34884575 PMCID: PMC8657904 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
‘Jimba’ is a white chrysanthemum cultivar, which occasionally and spontaneously produces red flower petals under natural cultivation due to cyanidin-based anthocyanin accumulation. To investigate the underlying mechanism of this process, a comparative transcriptome was analyzed between white and turning red ‘Jimba’. The structural and regulatory genes of anthocyanin pathway were significantly up-regulated in turning red ‘Jimba’. Among them, two alternative splicings, CmbHLH2 and CmbHLH2.1, showed the most significantly up-regulated in turning red tissue. Transiently over-expressed 35S::CmMYB6-CmbHLH2 strongly induced anthocyanin accumulation in ‘Jimba’ flower petals, while moderate amount of anthocyanin was detected when over-expressed 35S::CmMYB6-CmbHLH2.1. Both CmbHLH2 and CmbHLH2.1 could interact with CmMYB6 to activate CmDFR promoter according to Yeast two-hybrid and dual-luciferase assay. Moreover, CmMYB6-CmbHLH2 but not CmMYB6-CmbHLH2.1 could activate the CmbHLH2 promoter to provide positive feedback loop regulation. Taken together, it suggested that both CmbHLH2 and CmbHLH2.1 involved in regulation flower color alteration in turning red ‘Jimba’, and CmbHLH2 played a predominant role in this process.
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Yu C, Lian B, Fang W, Guo A, Ke Y, Jiang Y, Chen Y, Liu G, Zhong F, Zhang J. Transcriptome-based analysis reveals that the biosynthesis of anthocyanins is more active than that of flavonols and proanthocyanins in the colorful flowers of Lagerstroemia indica. Biol Futur 2021; 72:473-488. [PMID: 34554492 DOI: 10.1007/s42977-021-00094-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Mechanisms associated with the control of flower color in crape myrtle varieties have yet to be sufficiently elucidated, which has tended to hamper the use of modern molecular and genetic strategies in the breeding programs for this plant. The whole transcriptome of four L. indica varieties characterized by different flower colors (white, light purple, deep purplish pink, and strong red) was sequenced, and we performed bioinformatic, quantitative PCR, and co-expression analyses of R2R3 MYB transcription factor and anthocyanin/flavonol pathway genes. We obtained a total of 49,980 transcripts with full-length coding sequences. Both transcriptome and qPCR analyses revealed that anthocyanin/flavonol pathway genes were differentially expressed among the four different flowers types, with the expression of LiPAL, LiCHS, LiCHI, LiDFR, LiANS/LDOX, and LiUFGT being induced in colorful flowers, whereas that of LiF3´5´H, LiFLS, and LiLAR was found to be inhibited. Base on phylogenetic analysis, seven R2R3 MYB transcriptional factors were identified as putative regulators of flower color. The molecular characteristics and co-expression patterns indicated that these MYBs differentially modulate their target genes, with two probably acting as activators, three as repressors, and one contributing to the regulation of vacuolar pH. The findings of this study indicate that the anthocyanin biosynthesis is more active than the flavonol and proanthocyanin in the colorful flowers. These observations provide new genomic information on L. indica and contribute gene resources for the flower color-targeted breeding of crape myrtle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunmei Yu
- Key Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Science, Nantong University, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Bolin Lian
- Key Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Science, Nantong University, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wei Fang
- Key Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Science, Nantong University, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Anfang Guo
- Key Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Science, Nantong University, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yongchao Ke
- Key Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Science, Nantong University, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yuna Jiang
- Key Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Science, Nantong University, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yanhong Chen
- Key Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Science, Nantong University, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Guoyuan Liu
- Key Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Science, Nantong University, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Fei Zhong
- Key Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Science, Nantong University, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Key Lab of Landscape Plant Genetics and Breeding, School of Life Science, Nantong University, No. 9 Seyuan Road, Nantong, 226019, Jiangsu Province, China.
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Zhang Y, Xu S, Ma H, Duan X, Gao S, Zhou X, Cheng Y. The R2R3-MYB gene PsMYB58 positively regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis in tree peony flowers. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2021; 164:279-288. [PMID: 34020168 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2021.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Tree peony (Paeonia suffruticosa Andr.) is a well-known ornamental flower in China with diverse colors. Flower color is one of the most important economic characteristics of tree peony and is mainly determined by anthocyanins. In this study, we cloned a PsMYB58 gene, which contained a 654 bp open reading frame (ORF), encoding a polypeptide of 218 amino acids. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis indicated that PsMYB58 is an anthocyanin regulatory R2R3-MYB gene. The transcription levels of PsMYB58 in different developmental stages of tree peony flowers were similar to those of the anthocyanin biosynthetic genes PsCHS, PsCHI, PsDFR, and PsANS. A bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay showed that PsMYB58 interacted with PsbHLH1 and PsbHLH3 in vivo. The overexpression of PsMYB58 in tobacco enhanced anthocyanin accumulation in various organs. Comparative transcriptome analysis showed that 943 genes were upregulated and 1203 downregulated in PsMYB58 transgenic tobacco, among which genes involved in the anthocyanin pathway were positively activated. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis verified that anthocyanin biosynthetic genes, including NtCHS, NtCHI, NtF3H, NtF3'H, NtDFR, and NtANS, and an anthocyanin regulatory bHLH gene, NtAN1b, were significantly upregulated in PsMYB58 transgenic tobacco. Our results indicated that PsMYB58 is a positive anthocyanin regulator in tree peony flowers. In summary, the functional identification of PsMYB58 furthers our understanding of the mechanism of peony flower color formation, thus providing a foundation for flower color improvement and molecular breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhao Zhang
- Life Science Department, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471022, China.
| | - Shuzhen Xu
- Life Science Department, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471022, China
| | - Huiping Ma
- Luoyang Institute of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Luoyang 471022, China
| | - Xujia Duan
- Life Science Department, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471022, China
| | - Shouxin Gao
- Life Science Department, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471022, China
| | - Xiaojun Zhou
- Life Science Department, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471022, China
| | - Yanwei Cheng
- Life Science Department, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471022, China
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Specialized Metabolites and Valuable Molecules in Crop and Medicinal Plants: The Evolution of Their Use and Strategies for Their Production. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12060936. [PMID: 34207427 PMCID: PMC8235196 DOI: 10.3390/genes12060936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants naturally produce a terrific diversity of molecules, which we exploit for promoting our overall well-being. Plants are also green factories. Indeed, they may be exploited to biosynthesize bioactive molecules, proteins, carbohydrates and biopolymers for sustainable and large-scale production. These molecules are easily converted into commodities such as pharmaceuticals, antioxidants, food, feed and biofuels for multiple industrial processes. Novel plant biotechnological, genetics and metabolic insights ensure and increase the applicability of plant-derived compounds in several industrial sectors. In particular, synergy between disciplines, including apparently distant ones such as plant physiology, pharmacology, ‘omics sciences, bioinformatics and nanotechnology paves the path to novel applications of the so-called molecular farming. We present an overview of the novel studies recently published regarding these issues in the hope to have brought out all the interesting aspects of these published studies.
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Peng J, Dong X, Xue C, Liu Z, Cao F. Exploring the Molecular Mechanism of Blue Flower Color Formation in Hydrangea macrophylla cv. "Forever Summer". FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:585665. [PMID: 33679822 PMCID: PMC7925886 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.585665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Hydrangea macrophylla has a large inflorescence and rich colors, which has made it one of the most popular ornamental flowers worldwide. Thus far, the molecular mechanism of flower color formation in H. macrophylla flowers is unknown. By comparing the pigment content and transcriptome data of the bud period (FSF1), discoloration period (FSF2) and full-bloom stage (FSF3) of infertile blue flowers of H. macrophylla cv. "Forever Summer," we found that genes associated with anthocyanin production were most associated with the formation of blue infertile flowers throughout development. The anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway is the main metabolic pathway associated with flower color formation, and the carotenoid biosynthesis pathway appeared to have almost no contribution to flower color. There was no competition between the flavonoid and flavonol and anthocyanin biosynthesis pathways for their substrate. At FSF1, the key genes CHS and CHI in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway were up-regulated, underlying the accumulation of a substrate for anthocyanin synthesis. By FSF3, the downstream genes F3H, C3'5'H, CYP75B1, DFR, and ANS in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway were almost all up-regulated, likely promoting the synthesis and accumulation of anthocyanins and inducing the color change of infertile flowers. By analyzing protein-protein interaction networks and co-expression of transcription factors as well as differentially expressed structural genes related to anthocyanin synthesis, we identified negatively regulated transcription factors such as WER-like, MYB114, and WDR68. Their site of action may be the key gene DFR in the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway. The potential regulatory mechanism of flower color formation may be that WER-like, MYB114, and WDR68 inhibit or promote the synthesis of anthocyanins by negatively regulating the expression of DFR. These results provide an important basis for studying the infertile flower color formation mechanism in H. macrophylla and the development of new cultivars with other colors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiqing Peng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Jiqing Peng,
| | - Xujie Dong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Chao Xue
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha, China
| | - Zhiming Liu
- Department of Biology, Eastern New Mexico University, Portales, NM, United States
| | - Fuxiang Cao
- College of Landscape and Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- Fuxiang Cao,
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Luo Q, Liu R, Zeng L, Wu Y, Jiang Y, Yang Q, Nie Q. Isolation and molecular characterization of NtMYB4a, a putative transcription activation factor involved in anthocyanin synthesis in tobacco. Gene 2020; 760:144990. [PMID: 32721476 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The MYB transcription factors are involved in the regulation of plant secondary metabolism, cell development and morphogenesis, and stress response. Here, a full-length, 816-bp NtMYB4a cDNA, which encodes a protein comprising 271 amino acids, was isolated from tobacco leaves. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that NtMYB4a is most similar to Nicotiana. attenuata MYB4, followed by Eriobotrya japonica MYB4, and NtMYB4a clustered with transcriptional activators rather than repressors. Subcellular localization assays showed that NtMYB4 localized in the nucleus, membrane, and cytoplasm. Expression analyses revealed differential expression of NtMYB4a among different tissues and organs and between different developmental stages, with most expression occurring in the stems and leaves during the full-bloom stage. Moreover, NtMYB4a expression was induced by cold, NaCl, PEG, abscisic acid, methyl jasmonate, and dark stressors, and the expression patterns and maximum expression levels varied with the type of stress. Overexpression of NtMYB4a upregulated NtPAL, Nt4CL, NtCHS, NtCHI, NtF3H, NtDFR, NtANS, and NtUFGT, which resulted in increased anthocyanin content in the tobacco corolla and darker colors. However, CRISPR/Cas9-mediated knockout of NtMYB4a downregulated NtPAL, NtC4H, Nt4CL, NtCHS, NtCHI, NtF3H, NtANS, and NtUFGT, which resulted in reduced anthocyanin content, and lighter corolla colors. These results indicated that NtMYB4a positively regulates anthocyanin biosynthesis and is involved in abiotic stress responses in tobacco plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Luo
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Quality in Guizhou Province, College of Tobacco, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Renxiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Quality in Guizhou Province, College of Tobacco, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Lugui Zeng
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yuyao Wu
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yue Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Quality in Guizhou Province, College of Tobacco, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Qin Yang
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Qiong Nie
- Key Laboratory of Tobacco Quality in Guizhou Province, College of Tobacco, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
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Yin X, Lin X, Liu Y, Irfan M, Chen L, Zhang L. Integrated metabolic profiling and transcriptome analysis of pigment accumulation in diverse petal tissues in the lily cultivar 'Vivian'. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:446. [PMID: 32993487 PMCID: PMC7526134 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02658-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Petals are the colorful region of many ornamental plants. Quality traits of petal color directly affect the value of ornamental plants. Although the regulatory mechanism of flower color has been widely studied in many plants, that of lily flower color is still worth further exploration. RESULTS In this study, the pigmentation regulatory network in different regions of the petal of lily cultivar 'Vivian' was analyzed through tissue structure, metabolites biosynthesis, and gene expression. We found that cell morphology of the petal in un-pigmented region differed from that in pigmented region. The cell morphology tends to flatten in un-pigmented region where the color is lighter. Moreover, high level anthocyanin was found in the pigmented regions by metabonomic analysis, especially cyanidin derivatives. However, flavanones were accumulated, contrast with anthocyanin in the un-pigmented regions of lily petal. To understand the relationship of these different metabolites and lily flower color, RNA-Seq was used to analyze the differentially expressed genes-related metabolite biosynthesis. Among these genes, the expression levels of several genes-related cyanidin derivatives biosynthesis were significantly different between the pigmented and un-pigmented regions, such as LvMYB5, LvMYB7, LvF3'H, LvDFR, LvANS and Lv3GT. CONCLUSIONS This data will help us to further understand the regulation network of lily petal pigmentation and create different unique color species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Yin
- College of Horticulture, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Xinyue Lin
- College of Horticulture, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuxuan Liu
- College of Horticulture, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Lijing Chen
- College of Horticulture, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China.
| | - Li Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Key Laboratory of Protected Horticulture (Ministry of Education), College of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, 110866, Liaoning, China.
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Mekapogu M, Vasamsetti BMK, Kwon OK, Ahn MS, Lim SH, Jung JA. Anthocyanins in Floral Colors: Biosynthesis and Regulation in Chrysanthemum Flowers. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186537. [PMID: 32906764 PMCID: PMC7554973 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum morifolium) is an economically important ornamental crop across the globe. As floral color is the major factor determining customer selection, manipulation of floral color has been a major objective for breeders. Anthocyanins are one of the main pigments contributing to a broad variety of colors in the ray florets of chrysanthemum. Manipulating petal pigments has resulted in the development of a vast range of floral colors. Although the candidate genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis have been well studied, the genetic and transcriptional control of floral color remains unclear. Despite advances in multi-omics technology, these methods remain in their infancy in chrysanthemum, owing to its large complex genome and hexaploidy. Hence, there is a need to further elucidate and better understand the genetic and molecular regulatory mechanisms in chrysanthemum, which can provide a basis for future advances in breeding for novel and diverse floral colors in this commercially beneficial crop. Therefore, this review describes the significance of anthocyanins in chrysanthemum flowers, and the mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis under genetic and environmental factors, providing insight into the development of novel colored ray florets. Genetic and molecular regulatory mechanisms that control anthocyanin biosynthesis and the various breeding efforts to modify floral color in chrysanthemum are detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjulatha Mekapogu
- Floriculture Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea; (M.M.); (O.-K.K.); (M.-S.A.)
| | - Bala Murali Krishna Vasamsetti
- Chemical Safety Division, National Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea;
| | - Oh-Keun Kwon
- Floriculture Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea; (M.M.); (O.-K.K.); (M.-S.A.)
| | - Myung-Suk Ahn
- Floriculture Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea; (M.M.); (O.-K.K.); (M.-S.A.)
| | - Sun-Hyung Lim
- Division of Horticultural Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Hankyoung National University, Anseong 17579, Korea;
| | - Jae-A Jung
- Floriculture Research Division, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea; (M.M.); (O.-K.K.); (M.-S.A.)
- Correspondence:
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Gao J, Sun X, Zong Y, Yang S, Wang L, Liu B. Functional MYB transcription factor gene HtMYB2 is associated with anthocyanin biosynthesis in Helianthus tuberosus L. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:247. [PMID: 32487142 PMCID: PMC7268318 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-02463-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuber color is an important trait for Helianthus tuberosus L. (Jerusalem artichoke). Usually, purple tubers with high anthocyanin content are more nutritious than white tuber. But, the molecular mechanism underlying it is unknown. RESULTS In the current study, high-throughput RNA-sequencing was used to compare the transcriptomes between plants with tubers with red or white epidermis. Compared with the white-skinned tubers of cultivar QY3, anthocyanin biosynthesis structural genes had greater expression in the red-skinned tubers of cultivar QY1, indicating that the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway was activated in 'QY1'; quantitative PCR confirmed this difference in expression. HtMYB2 (Unigene44371_All) was the only MYB transcription factor, homologous to the MYB transcription factor regulating anthocyanin biosynthesis, expressed in the red tuber epidermis of 'QY1'. The anthocyanin concentration in the root, stem, leaf, flower, and tuber epidermis of 'QY1' was higher than in 'QY3', especially tuber epidermis. Correspondingly, HtMYB2 had greater expression in these tissues of 'QY1' than in 'QY3'. The expression of HtMYB2 was associated with anthocyanin accumulation in the different tissues. Overexpression of HtMYB2 activated the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway, accumulating the pigment in leaves of transgenic tobacco, supporting the model that HtMYB2 regulated anthocyanin biosynthesis. Further experiments found that HtMYB2 had the same coding sequence and genomic sequence in 'QY1' and 'QY3', but that there were several single nucleotide polymorphisms and one insertion-deletion (indel) mutation of 21 nucleotides in the promoter region between the two alleles. The deletion of three nucleotides "AAA" made the promoter of 'QY1' predicted to contain one more possible promoter region. A specific primer, based on the indel, could differentiate between cultivars with red or white tuber epidermis. The genetic variation in HtMYB2 was associated with the tuber skin color in a natural population. CONCLUSIONS RNA-seq can successfully isolate the candidate gene (HTMYB2) controlling anthocyanin biosynthesis in purple epidermis of Jerusalem artichoke tuber. HTMYB2 can regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in plants and is closely related to the formation of purple phenotype in tubers. This study should be useful in understanding the genetic mechanism underlying different tuber skin colors and in breeding new H. tuberosus cultivars with different tuber skin colors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieming Gao
- Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
- Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and Physiology, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Xuemei Sun
- Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
- Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and Physiology, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Yuan Zong
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810001, China
| | - Shipeng Yang
- Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
- Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and Physiology, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Lihui Wang
- Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Qinghai University, Xining, 810016, China
- Qinghai Province Key Laboratory of Vegetable Genetics and Physiology, Xining, 810016, China
| | - Baolong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Adaptation and Evolution of Plateau Biota, Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xining, 810001, China.
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iTRAQ-Based Protein Profiling Provides Insights into the Mechanism of Light-Induced Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in Chrysanthemum ( Chrysanthemum × morifolium). Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10121024. [PMID: 31835383 PMCID: PMC6947405 DOI: 10.3390/genes10121024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of chrysanthemum (Chrysanthemum × morifolium) flower color is mainly attributed to the accumulation of anthocyanins. Light is one of the key environmental factors that affect the anthocyanin biosynthesis, but the deep molecular mechanism remains elusive. In our previous study, a series of light-induced structural and regulatory genes involved in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway in the chrysanthemum were identified using RNA sequencing. In the present study, differentially expressed proteins that are in response to light with the capitulum development of the chrysanthemum 'Purple Reagan' were further identified using isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) technique, and correlation between the proteomic and the transcriptomic libraries was analyzed. In general, 5106 raw proteins were assembled based on six proteomic libraries (three capitulum developmental stages × two light treatments). As many as 160 proteins were differentially expressed between the light and the dark libraries with 45 upregulated and 115 downregulated proteins in response to shading. Comparative analysis between the pathway enrichment and the gene expression patterns indicated that most of the proteins involved in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway were downregulated after shading, which was consistent with the expression patterns of corresponding encoding genes; while five light-harvesting chlorophyll a/b-binding proteins were initially downregulated after shading, and their expressions were enhanced with the capitulum development thereafter. As revealed by correlation analysis between the proteomic and the transcriptomic libraries, GDSL esterase APG might also play an important role in light signal transduction. Finally, a putative mechanism of light-induced anthocyanin biosynthesis in the chrysanthemum was proposed. This study will help us to clearly identify light-induced proteins associated with flower color in the chrysanthemum and to enrich the complex mechanism of anthocyanin biosynthesis for use in cultivar breeding.
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