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Stammnitz MR, Gori K, Kwon YM, Harry E, Martin FJ, Billis K, Cheng Y, Baez-Ortega A, Chow W, Comte S, Eggertsson H, Fox S, Hamede R, Jones M, Lazenby B, Peck S, Pye R, Quail MA, Swift K, Wang J, Wood J, Howe K, Stratton MR, Ning Z, Murchison EP. The evolution of two transmissible cancers in Tasmanian devils. Science 2023; 380:283-293. [PMID: 37079675 PMCID: PMC7614631 DOI: 10.1126/science.abq6453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Abstract
Tasmanian devils have spawned two transmissible cancer lineages, named devil facial tumor 1 (DFT1) and devil facial tumor 2 (DFT2). We investigated the genetic diversity and evolution of these clones by analyzing 78 DFT1 and 41 DFT2 genomes relative to a newly assembled, chromosome-level reference. Time-resolved phylogenetic trees reveal that DFT1 first emerged in 1986 (1982 to 1989) and DFT2 in 2011 (2009 to 2012). Subclone analysis documents transmission of heterogeneous cell populations. DFT2 has faster mutation rates than DFT1 across all variant classes, including substitutions, indels, rearrangements, transposable element insertions, and copy number alterations, and we identify a hypermutated DFT1 lineage with defective DNA mismatch repair. Several loci show plausible evidence of positive selection in DFT1 or DFT2, including loss of chromosome Y and inactivation of MGA, but none are common to both cancers. This study reveals the parallel long-term evolution of two transmissible cancers inhabiting a common niche in Tasmanian devils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian R. Stammnitz
- Transmissible Cancer Group, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kevin Gori
- Transmissible Cancer Group, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Young Mi Kwon
- Transmissible Cancer Group, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ed Harry
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fergal J. Martin
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Konstantinos Billis
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yuanyuan Cheng
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Adrian Baez-Ortega
- Transmissible Cancer Group, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - William Chow
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sebastien Comte
- School of Nature Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
- Vertebrate Pest Research Unit, NSW Department of Primary Industries, Orange, Australia
| | | | - Samantha Fox
- Save the Tasmanian Devil Program, Tasmanian Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Hobart, Australia
- Toledo Zoo, 2605 Broadway, Toledo, Ohio 43609, USA
| | - Rodrigo Hamede
- School of Nature Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
- CANCEV, Centre de Recherches Ecologiques et Evolutives sur le Cancer, Montpellier, France
| | - Menna Jones
- School of Nature Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Billie Lazenby
- Save the Tasmanian Devil Program, Tasmanian Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Hobart, Australia
| | - Sarah Peck
- Save the Tasmanian Devil Program, Tasmanian Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Hobart, Australia
| | - Ruth Pye
- Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Michael A. Quail
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kate Swift
- Mount Pleasant Laboratories, Tasmanian Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Prospect, Australia
| | - Jinhong Wang
- Transmissible Cancer Group, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jonathan Wood
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kerstin Howe
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Zemin Ning
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elizabeth P. Murchison
- Transmissible Cancer Group, Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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