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Li X, Xu M, Zhou K, Hao S, Li L, Wang L, Zhou W, Kai G. SmEIL1 transcription factor inhibits tanshinone accumulation in response to ethylene signaling in Salvia miltiorrhiza. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1356922. [PMID: 38628367 PMCID: PMC11018959 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1356922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Among the bioactive compounds, lipid-soluble tanshinone is present in Salvia miltiorrhiza, a medicinal plant species. While it is known that ethephon has the ability to inhibit the tanshinones biosynthesis in the S. miltiorrhiza hairy root, however the underlying regulatory mechanism remains obscure. In this study, using the transcriptome dataset of the S. miltiorrhiza hairy root induced by ethephon, an ethylene-responsive transcriptional factor EIN3-like 1 (SmEIL1) was identified. The SmEIL1 protein was found to be localized in the nuclei, and confirmed by the transient transformation observed in tobacco leaves. The overexpression of SmEIL1 was able to inhibit the tanshinones accumulation to a large degree, as well as down-regulate tanshinones biosynthetic genes including SmGGPPS1, SmHMGR1, SmHMGS1, SmCPS1, SmKSL1 and SmCYP76AH1. These are well recognized participants in the tanshinones biosynthesis pathway. Further investigation on the SmEIL1 was observed to inhibit the transcription of the CPS1 gene by the Dual-Luciferase (Dual-LUC) and yeast one-hybrid (Y1H) assays. The data in this work will be of value regarding the involvement of EILs in regulating the biosynthesis of tanshinones and lay the foundation for the metabolic engineering of bioactive ingredients in S. miltiorrhiza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resource Innovation and Transformation, Zhejiang Provincial International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Active Ingredients of Medicinal and Edible Plants and Health, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Man Xu
- Zhejiang Provincial Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resource Innovation and Transformation, Zhejiang Provincial International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Active Ingredients of Medicinal and Edible Plants and Health, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ke Zhou
- Dermatology department, Tianjin Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Siyu Hao
- Zhejiang Provincial Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resource Innovation and Transformation, Zhejiang Provincial International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Active Ingredients of Medicinal and Edible Plants and Health, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liqin Li
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for the Development and Clinical Transformation of Immunomodulatory Traditional Chinese Medicine in Zhejiang Province, Huzhou Central Hospital, The Fifth School of Clinical Medicine of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Leran Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Zhejiang Provincial Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resource Innovation and Transformation, Zhejiang Provincial International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Active Ingredients of Medicinal and Edible Plants and Health, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guoyin Kai
- Zhejiang Provincial Traditional Chinese Medicine Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine Resource Innovation and Transformation, Zhejiang Provincial International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Active Ingredients of Medicinal and Edible Plants and Health, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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You H, Li S, Chen Y, Lin J, Wang Z, Dennis M, Li C, Yang D. Global proteome and lysine succinylation analyses provide insights into the secondary metabolism in Salvia miltiorrhiza. J Proteomics 2023; 288:104959. [PMID: 37478968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2023.104959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Danshen, belongs to the Lamiaceae family, and its scientific name is Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge. It is a valuable medicinal plant to prevent and treat cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Lysine succinylation, a widespread modification found in various organisms, plays a critical role in regulating secondary metabolism in plants. The hairy roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza were subject to proteomic analysis to identify lysine succinylation sites using affinity purification and HPLC-MS/MS in this investigation. Our findings reveal 566 lysine succinylation sites in 348 protein sequences. We observed 110 succinylated proteins related to secondary metabolism, totaling 210 modification sites. Our analysis identified 53 types of enzymes among the succinylated proteins, including phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). PAL, a crucial enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of rosmarinic acid and flavonoids, displayed succinylation at two sites. ALDH, which participates in the phenylpropane metabolic pathway, was succinylated at 8 eight sites. These observations suggest that lysine succinylation may play a vital role in regulating the production of secondary metabolites in Salvia miltiorrhiza. Our study may provide valuable insights for further investigation on plant succinylation, specifically as a reference point. SIGNIFICANCE: Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge is a valuable medicinal plant that prevents and treats cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Lysine succinylation plays a critical role in regulating secondary metabolism in plants. The hairy roots of Salvia miltiorrhiza were subject to proteomic analysis to identify lysine succinylation sites using affinity purification and HPLC-MS/MS in this investigation. These observations suggest that lysine succinylation may act as a vital role in regulating the production of secondary metabolites in Salvia miltiorrhiza. Our study may provide valuable insights for further investigation on succinylation in plants, specifically as a reference point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaqian You
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China; College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation in Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 928 Second Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shiqing Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiwen Chen
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation in Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 928 Second Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junjie Lin
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation in Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 928 Second Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zixuan Wang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation in Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 928 Second Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mans Dennis
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Anton de Kom University of Suriname, Paramaribo, Suriname
| | - Changyu Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, 548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dongfeng Yang
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation in Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 928 Second Avenue, Xiasha Higher Education Zone, Hangzhou 310018, Zhejiang, China.
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Biosynthetic regulatory network of flavonoid metabolites in stems and leaves of Salvia miltiorrhiza. Sci Rep 2022; 12:18212. [PMID: 36307498 PMCID: PMC9616839 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21517-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavonoid secondary metabolites can treat and prevent many diseases, but systematic studies on regulation of the biosynthesis of such metabolites in aboveground parts of Salvia miltiorrhiza are lacking. In this study, metabonomic and transcriptomic analyses of different S. miltiorrhiza phenotypes were conducted to explore pathways of synthesis, catalysis, accumulation, and transport of the main flavonoid secondary metabolites regulating pigment accumulation. Tissue localization and quantitative analysis of flavonoid secondary metabolites were conducted by laser scanning confocal microscopy (LSCM). A total 3090 differentially expressed genes were obtained from 114,431 full-length unigenes in purple and green phenotypes, and 108 functional genes were involved in flavonoid biosynthesis. Five key phenylpropane structural genes (PAL, 4CL, ANS, 3AT, HCT) were highly differentially expressed, and four transcription factor genes (MYB, WRKY, bHLH, bZiP) were identified. In addition, six GST genes, nine ABC transporters, 22 MATE genes, and three SNARE genes were detected with key roles in flavonoid transport. According to LSCM, flavonoids were mainly distributed in epidermis, cortex, and collenchyma. Thus, comprehensive and systematic analyses were used to determine biosynthesis, accumulation, and transport of flavonoids in stems and leaves of different S. miltiorrhiza phenotypes. The findings will provide a reference for flavonoid production and cultivar selection.
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Identification of KFB Family in Moso Bamboo Reveals the Potential Function of PeKFB9 Involved in Stress Response and Lignin Polymerization. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012568. [PMID: 36293422 PMCID: PMC9604269 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The Kelch repeat F-box (KFB) protein is an important E3 ubiquitin ligase that has been demonstrated to perform an important post-translational regulatory role in plants by mediating multiple biological processes. Despite their importance, KFBs have not yet been identified and characterized in bamboo. In this study, 19 PeKFBs were identified with F-box and Kelch domains; genes encoding these PeKFBs were unevenly distributed across 12 chromosomes of moso bamboo. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the PeKFBs were divided into eight subclades based on similar gene structures and highly conserved motifs. A tissue-specific gene expression analysis showed that the PeKFBs were differentially expressed in various tissues of moso bamboo. All the promoters of the PeKFBs contained stress-related cis-elements, which was supported by the differentially expression of PeKFBs of moso bamboo under drought and cold stresses. Sixteen proteins were screened from the moso bamboo shoots' cDNA library using PeKFB9 as a bait through a yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assay. Moreover, PeKFB9 physically interacted with PeSKP1-like-1 and PePRX72-1, which mediated the activity of peroxidase in proteolytic turnover. Taken together, these findings improved our understanding of PeKFBs, especially in response to stresses, and laid a foundation for revealing the molecular mechanism of PeKFB9 in regulating lignin polymerization by degrading peroxidase.
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Su C, Cui J, Liu Y, Luan Y. Genome-wide identification and characterization of the tomato F-box associated (FBA) protein family and expression analysis of their responsiveness to Phytophthora infestans. Gene 2022; 821:146335. [PMID: 35182672 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans brings huge economic losses to the production of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) every year. F-box proteins participate in plants response to phytohormones and biotic stress, whereas as the largest subfamily of F-box superfamily, the detailed information about F-box associated (SlFBA) family in tomato has been rarely reported. In this study, a total of 46 tomato FBA genes were identified based on the latest genome annotation. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the FBA proteins from tomato and 6 different plant species were clustered into 7 distinct clades. The SlFBA genes were unevenly distributed on 11 chromosomes of tomato, mainly concentrated in the regions with high gene density. Tandem duplications and purification selection contribute to the expansion and evolution of the SlFBA gene family. Transcriptome analysis revealed that the SlFBA genes were differentially expressed in different tissues with obvious tissue-specific expression patterns. There were 18 SlFBA genes differentially expressed in P. infestans-resistant and -susceptible tomato, among which, 3 SlFBA genes might play positive roles in tomato resistance to P. infestans. Taken together, this study systematically analyzed the SlFBA genes family for the first time and identified the candidate SlFBA genes that affect tomato resistance to P. infestans, which provided important genetic and breeding resources for improving tomato resistance to pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenglin Su
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116033, China
| | - Jun Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Microbial Molecular Biology, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Yarong Liu
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116033, China
| | - Yushi Luan
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116033, China.
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Tang R, Dong H, He L, Li P, Shi Y, Yang Q, Jia X, Li XQ. Genome-wide identification, evolutionary and functional analyses of KFB family members in potato. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:226. [PMID: 35501691 PMCID: PMC9063267 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03611-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kelch repeat F-box (KFB) proteins play vital roles in the regulation of multitudinous biochemical and physiological processes in plants, including growth and development, stress response and secondary metabolism. Multiple KFBs have been characterized in various plant species, but the family members and functions have not been systematically identified and analyzed in potato. RESULTS Genome and transcriptome analyses of StKFB gene family were conducted to dissect the structure, evolution and function of the StKFBs in Solanum tuberosum L. Totally, 44 StKFB members were identified and were classified into 5 groups. The chromosomal localization analysis showed that the 44 StKFB genes were located on 12 chromosomes of potato. Among these genes, two pairs of genes (StKFB15/16 and StKFB40/41) were predicted to be tandemly duplicated genes, and one pair of genes (StKFB15/29) was segmentally duplicated genes. The syntenic analysis showed that the KFBs in potato were closely related to the KFBs in tomato and pepper. Expression profiles of the StKFBs in 13 different tissues and in potato plants with different treatments uncovered distinct spatial expression patterns of these genes and their potential roles in response to various stresses, respectively. Multiple StKFB genes were differentially expressed in yellow- (cultivar 'Jin-16'), red- (cultivar 'Red rose-2') and purple-fleshed (cultivar 'Xisen-8') potato tubers, suggesting that they may play important roles in the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis in potato. CONCLUSIONS This study reports the structure, evolution and expression characteristics of the KFB family in potato. These findings pave the way for further investigation of functional mechanisms of StKFBs, and also provide candidate genes for potato genetic improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruimin Tang
- College of life sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801 Shanxi China
| | - Haitao Dong
- College of life sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801 Shanxi China
| | - Liheng He
- College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801 Shanxi China
| | - Peng Li
- College of life sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801 Shanxi China
| | - Yuanrui Shi
- College of life sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801 Shanxi China
| | - Qing Yang
- College of life sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 Jiangsu China
| | - Xiaoyun Jia
- College of life sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, 030801 Shanxi China
| | - Xiu-Qing Li
- Fredericton Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Fredericton, New Brunswick E3B 4Z7 Canada
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Chen C, Wang C, Li J, Gao X, Huang Q, Gong Y, Hao X, Maoz I, Kai G, Zhou W. Genome-Wide Analysis of U-box E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Family in Response to ABA Treatment in Salvia miltiorrhiza. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:829447. [PMID: 35222487 PMCID: PMC8863962 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.829447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant U-box (PUB) proteins are ubiquitin ligases (E3) involved in multiple biological processes and in response to plant stress. However, the various aspects of the genome and the differences in functions between the U-box E3 (UBE3) ubiquitin ligases remain quite obscure in Salvia miltiorrhiza. The 60 UBE3 genes in the S. miltiorrhiza genome were recognized in the present study. The phylogenetic analysis, gene structure, motifs, promoters, and physical and chemical properties of the genes were also examined. Based on the phylogenetic relationship, the 60 UBE3 genes were categorized under six different groups. The U-box domain was highly conserved across the family of UBE3 genes. Analysis of the cis-acting element revealed that the UBE3 genes might play an important role in a variety of biological processes, including a reaction to the abscisic acid (ABA) treatment. To investigate this hypothesis, an ABA treatment was developed for the hairy roots of S. miltiorrhiza. Thirteen out of the UBE3 genes significantly increased after the ABA treatment. The co-expression network revealed that nine UBE3 genes might be associated with phenolic acids or tanshinone biosynthesis. The findings of the present study brought fresh and new understanding to the participation of the UBE3 gene family in plants, specifically in their biological responses mediated by the ABA. In S. miltiorrhiza, this gene family may be crucial during the ABA treatment. Significantly, the results of this study contribute novel information to the understanding of the ubiquitin ligase gene and its role in plant growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengan Chen
- Laboratory for Core Technology of TCM Quality Improvement and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Third Affiliated Hospital, School of Pharmacy and Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Can Wang
- Laboratory for Core Technology of TCM Quality Improvement and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Third Affiliated Hospital, School of Pharmacy and Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junbo Li
- Laboratory for Core Technology of TCM Quality Improvement and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Third Affiliated Hospital, School of Pharmacy and Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiankui Gao
- Laboratory for Core Technology of TCM Quality Improvement and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Third Affiliated Hospital, School of Pharmacy and Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qikai Huang
- Laboratory for Core Technology of TCM Quality Improvement and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Third Affiliated Hospital, School of Pharmacy and Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yifu Gong
- Laboratory for Core Technology of TCM Quality Improvement and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Third Affiliated Hospital, School of Pharmacy and Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolong Hao
- Laboratory for Core Technology of TCM Quality Improvement and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Third Affiliated Hospital, School of Pharmacy and Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Itay Maoz
- Department of Postharvest Science, Agricultural Research Organization, Volcani Center, Rishon LeZion, Israel
| | - Guoyin Kai
- Laboratory for Core Technology of TCM Quality Improvement and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Third Affiliated Hospital, School of Pharmacy and Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Laboratory for Core Technology of TCM Quality Improvement and Transformation, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The Third Affiliated Hospital, School of Pharmacy and Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Transcriptome and HPLC Analysis Reveal the Regulatory Mechanisms of Aurantio-Obtusin in Space Environment-Induced Senna obtusifolia Lines. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19020898. [PMID: 35055719 PMCID: PMC8776150 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19020898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Senna obtusifolia is a famous medicinal plant that is widely used in Asian countries. Its seed plays an important role in the treatment of many diseases because it contains various anthraquinones and flavonoids. Our previous studies have indicated that three space environment-induced S. obtusifolia lines (SP-lines) i.e., QC10, QC29, and QC46, have higher seed yield and aurantio-obtusin (AO) content. However, the underlying mechanism of higher AO content in SP-lines is still unknown. Herein, transcriptome sequencing and HPLC were employed to analyze the differences between SP-lines and ground control (GC3) and elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of AO accumulation in SP-lines. The results show that 4002 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in SP-lines versus (vs.) GC3. DEGs in the QC10 vs. GC3, QC29 vs. GC3, and QC46 vs. GC3 comparisons were classified into 28, 36, and 81 GO terms and involved in 63, 74, and 107 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways. KEGG pathway and gene expression analysis revealed that DEGs involved in anthraquinone pathways were significantly elevated in QC10 and QC46. Integrating the results of GO annotation, KEGG enrichment, and gene expression analysis, we propose that the elevated genes such as DAHPS, DHQS, and MenB enhance the metabolic flux in the anthraquinone pathway and promote AO content in QC10 and QC46. Taken together, this study elucidated the mechanism of AO content in SP-lines and provides valuable genetic information for S. obtusifolia. In addition, to the best of our knowledge, this study presents the first transcriptome analysis of environment-induced medicinal plants and paves the way to select elite S. obtusifolia varieties in the future.
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Yu H, Li D, Yang D, Xue Z, Li J, Xing B, Yan K, Han R, Liang Z. SmKFB5 protein regulates phenolic acid biosynthesis by controlling the degradation of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase in Salvia miltiorrhiza. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:4915-4929. [PMID: 33961691 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic acids are the major secondary metabolites and significant bioactive constituents of the medicinal plant Salvia miltiorrhiza. Many enzyme-encoding genes and transcription factors involved in the biosynthesis of phenolic acids have been identified, but the underlying post-translational regulatory mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that the S. miltiorrhiza Kelch repeat F-box protein SmKFB5 physically interacts with three phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) isozymes and mediates their proteolytic turnover via the ubiquitin-26S proteasome pathway. Disturbing the expression of SmKFB5 reciprocally affected the abundance of SmPAL protein and the accumulation of phenolic acids, suggesting that SmKFB5 is a post-translational regulator responsible for the turnover of PAL and negatively controlling phenolic acids. Furthermore, we discovered that treatment of the hairy root of S. miltiorrhiza with methyl jasmonate suppressed the expression of SmKFB5 while inducing the transcription of SmPAL1 and SmPAL3. These data suggested that methyl jasmonate consolidated both transcriptional and post-translational regulation mechanisms to enhance phenolic acid biosynthesis. Taken together, our results provide insights into the molecular mechanisms by which SmKFB5 mediates the regulation of phenolic acid biosynthesis by jasmonic acid, and suggest valuable targets for plant breeders in tailoring new cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizheng Yu
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Ministry of Water Resource, Yangling, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongyue Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongfeng Yang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zheyong Xue
- College of Life Science, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Metabolic Biology, John Innes Centre, Norwich, UK
| | - Bingcong Xing
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Ministry of Water Resource, Yangling, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kaijing Yan
- Tasly R&D Institute, Tasly Holding Group Co. Ltd, Tianjin, China
| | - Ruilian Han
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Ministry of Water Resource, Yangling, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zongsuo Liang
- Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Plant Secondary Metabolism and Regulation, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
- Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Ministry of Water Resource, Yangling, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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