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Purushothaman K, Ho Jia Wen R, bin Mohamed MH, Rwei Qing SDT, Heng Wuan L, Liang B, Thanh Vu N, Voigtmann M, McLean Press C, Loo G, Bisa S, Domingos JA, Jerry DR, Vij S. Comparative Nutritional and Histological Analysis of Malabar Red Snapper ( Lutjanus malabaricus) and Asian Seabass ( Lates calcarifer). Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1803. [PMID: 38929422 PMCID: PMC11200453 DOI: 10.3390/ani14121803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Revised: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study offers a comprehensive morpho-histological analysis of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of the Malabar red snapper. A comparison of its GIT morphology with that of the Asian seabass reveals similarities and differences between the two species. Additionally, the moisture content, crude protein, and ash in the fillets of Malabar red snapper and Asian seabass were slightly different, with Malabar red snapper exhibiting higher levels of essential fatty acids. Furthermore, higher levels of the polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)/saturated fatty acid (SFA) ratio and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)/eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) ratio, and a lower omega-6/omega-3 ratio, were observed in Malabar red snapper compared to Asian seabass. The Malabar red snapper's esophagus featured protective mechanisms such as simple columnar epithelial cells, mucous-secreting glands, and goblet cells that were predominantly stained for acid and neutral mucosubstances. Furthermore, its stomach, with mucus cells that were weakly stained for acid mucosubstances, exhibited distinct regions with varying glandular densities, with the pyloric region featuring few glands. The pyloric caeca of the fish were composed of five finger-like structures and few goblet cells. Several goblet cells gradually increased from the anterior to the posterior region of the intestine. These findings provide useful insights for the aquaculture sector, focusing on Malabar red snapper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathiresan Purushothaman
- School of Applied Science, Republic Polytechnic, 9 Woodlands Avenue 9, Singapore 738964, Singapore; (R.H.J.W.); (M.H.b.M.); (S.D.T.R.Q.); (L.H.W.); (G.L.)
- Tropical Futures Institute, James Cook University Singapore, 149 Sims Drive, Singapore 387380, Singapore; (B.L.); (N.T.V.); (J.A.D.); (D.R.J.)
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1433 Ås, Norway;
| | - Rachel Ho Jia Wen
- School of Applied Science, Republic Polytechnic, 9 Woodlands Avenue 9, Singapore 738964, Singapore; (R.H.J.W.); (M.H.b.M.); (S.D.T.R.Q.); (L.H.W.); (G.L.)
- Tropical Futures Institute, James Cook University Singapore, 149 Sims Drive, Singapore 387380, Singapore; (B.L.); (N.T.V.); (J.A.D.); (D.R.J.)
| | - Muhammad Hazim bin Mohamed
- School of Applied Science, Republic Polytechnic, 9 Woodlands Avenue 9, Singapore 738964, Singapore; (R.H.J.W.); (M.H.b.M.); (S.D.T.R.Q.); (L.H.W.); (G.L.)
- Tropical Futures Institute, James Cook University Singapore, 149 Sims Drive, Singapore 387380, Singapore; (B.L.); (N.T.V.); (J.A.D.); (D.R.J.)
| | - Saraphina Dianne Tneo Rwei Qing
- School of Applied Science, Republic Polytechnic, 9 Woodlands Avenue 9, Singapore 738964, Singapore; (R.H.J.W.); (M.H.b.M.); (S.D.T.R.Q.); (L.H.W.); (G.L.)
| | - Lee Heng Wuan
- School of Applied Science, Republic Polytechnic, 9 Woodlands Avenue 9, Singapore 738964, Singapore; (R.H.J.W.); (M.H.b.M.); (S.D.T.R.Q.); (L.H.W.); (G.L.)
| | - Bing Liang
- Tropical Futures Institute, James Cook University Singapore, 149 Sims Drive, Singapore 387380, Singapore; (B.L.); (N.T.V.); (J.A.D.); (D.R.J.)
- Marine Aquaculture Centre, Singapore Food Agency, 52 Jurong Gateway Road, JEM Office Tower, #14-01, Singapore 608550, Singapore
| | - Nguyen Thanh Vu
- Tropical Futures Institute, James Cook University Singapore, 149 Sims Drive, Singapore 387380, Singapore; (B.L.); (N.T.V.); (J.A.D.); (D.R.J.)
| | - Michael Voigtmann
- Singapore Aquaculture Technologies (SAT) Pte Ltd., Singapore 308931, Singapore;
| | - Charles McLean Press
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1433 Ås, Norway;
| | - Grace Loo
- School of Applied Science, Republic Polytechnic, 9 Woodlands Avenue 9, Singapore 738964, Singapore; (R.H.J.W.); (M.H.b.M.); (S.D.T.R.Q.); (L.H.W.); (G.L.)
- Tropical Futures Institute, James Cook University Singapore, 149 Sims Drive, Singapore 387380, Singapore; (B.L.); (N.T.V.); (J.A.D.); (D.R.J.)
| | - Saraswathy Bisa
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, 8026 Bodø, Norway;
| | - Jose A. Domingos
- Tropical Futures Institute, James Cook University Singapore, 149 Sims Drive, Singapore 387380, Singapore; (B.L.); (N.T.V.); (J.A.D.); (D.R.J.)
| | - Dean R. Jerry
- Tropical Futures Institute, James Cook University Singapore, 149 Sims Drive, Singapore 387380, Singapore; (B.L.); (N.T.V.); (J.A.D.); (D.R.J.)
- ARC Research Hub for Supercharging Tropical Aquaculture through Genetic Solutions, James Cook University, 1 James Cook Drive, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Shubha Vij
- School of Applied Science, Republic Polytechnic, 9 Woodlands Avenue 9, Singapore 738964, Singapore; (R.H.J.W.); (M.H.b.M.); (S.D.T.R.Q.); (L.H.W.); (G.L.)
- Tropical Futures Institute, James Cook University Singapore, 149 Sims Drive, Singapore 387380, Singapore; (B.L.); (N.T.V.); (J.A.D.); (D.R.J.)
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Zhou T, Meng Q, Sun R, Xu D, Zhu F, Jia C, Zhou S, Chen S, Yang Y. Structure and gene expression changes of the gill and liver in juvenile black porgy (Acanthopagrus schlegelii) under different salinities. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2024; 50:101228. [PMID: 38547756 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/27/2024]
Abstract
Black porgy (Acanthopagrus schlegelii) is an important marine aquaculture species in China. It is an ideal object for the cultivation of low-salinity aquaculture strains in marine fish and the study of salinity tolerance mechanisms in fish because of its strong low-salinity tolerance ability. Gill is the main osmoregulatory organ in fish, and the liver plays an important role in the adaptation of the organism to stressful environments. In order to understand the coping mechanisms of the gills and livers of black porgy in different salinity environments, this study explored these organs after 30 days of culture in hypoosmotic (0.5 ppt), isosmotic (12 ppt), and normal seawater (28 ppt) at histologic, physiologic, and transcriptomic levels. The findings indicated that gill exhibited a higher number of differentially expressed genes than the liver, emphasizing the gill's heightened sensitivity to salinity changes. Protein interaction networks and enrichment analyses highlighted energy metabolism as a key regulatory focus at both 0.5 ppt and 12 ppt salinity in gills. Additionally, gills showed enrichment in ions, substance transport, and other metabolic pathways, suggesting a more direct regulatory response to salinity stress. The liver's regulatory patterns at different salinities exhibited significant distinctions, with pathways and genes related to metabolism, immunity, and antioxidants predominantly activated at 0.5 ppt, and molecular processes linked to cell proliferation taking precedence at 12 ppt salinity. Furthermore, the study revealed a reduction in the volume of the interlamellar cell mass (ILCM) of the gills, enhancing the contact area of the gill lamellae with water. At 0.5 ppt salinity, hepatic antioxidant enzyme activity increased, accompanied by oxidative stress damage. Conversely, at 12 ppt salinity, gill NKA activity significantly decreased without notable changes in liver structure. These results underscore the profound impact of salinity on gill structure and function, highlighting the crucial role of the liver in adapting to salinity environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tangjian Zhou
- Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Nantong 226007, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Qian Meng
- Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Nantong 226007, China
| | - Ruijian Sun
- Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Nantong 226007, China
| | - Dafeng Xu
- Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Nantong 226007, China
| | - Fei Zhu
- Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Nantong 226007, China
| | - Chaofeng Jia
- Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Nantong 226007, China
| | - Shimiao Zhou
- Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Nantong 226007, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Shuyin Chen
- Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Nantong 226007, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Yunxia Yang
- Fisheries College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China.
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Yihua C, Min D, Zhiguo D, Yifeng L, Donghong N. Function of taurine and its synthesis-related genes in hypertonic regulation of Sinonovacula constricta. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2024; 287:111536. [PMID: 37858705 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.111536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Salinity changes affect the osmotic gradient across the gill epithelium of marine species. Taurine is an important osmoregulator with a crucial role in osmoregulation in marine bivalves. This study determined the osmolality, taurine content, key enzymes involved in taurine synthesis (cysteine dioxygenase (CDO), cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase (CSAD), and taurine transporter (TauT)) and related gene expression in razor clam Sinonovacula constricta in response to high salt stress [high salt seawater (S30) versus high salt seawater with taurine supplementation (S30T) versus natural salinity control]. The data were recorded at 0, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 h. Serum osmolality significantly increased under high salt conditions compared with the control group (P < 0.05). When serum osmolality had stabilized (after 48 h), there was no significant difference in serum osmolality between the S30T and control groups (P > 0.05), but serum osmolality was significantly lower in the S30 versus control group (P < 0.05). Taurine content significantly increased under high salt stress and remained high (P < 0.05). CSAD and CDO content was higher in S30 than in S30T, whereas TauT was significantly lower in S30 than in the control group eventually (P < 0.05). Expression of CDO and CSAD in the S30 and S30T groups was significantly higher than in control animals (P < 0.05), with that in S30 being higher than in S30T. By contrast, TauT expression peaked 6 h after stress in S30 and S30T, but was lower in S30 than in the control group (P < 0.05). These results demonstrate that S. constricta is an osmoconformer, with exogenous taurine relieving the stress of osmoregulation caused by insufficient endogenous taurine in cells. These findings further enhance our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms underlying the response of S. constricta to high salinity stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yihua
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Aquaculture, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Deng Min
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Aquaculture, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Dong Zhiguo
- Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China
| | - Li Yifeng
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Aquaculture, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Niu Donghong
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Aquaculture, Shanghai 201306, China.
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Zheng S, Wang WX. Physiological and immune profiling of tilapia Oreochromis niloticus gills by high-throughput single-cell transcriptome sequencing. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 141:109070. [PMID: 37709178 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 09/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
The physiological and immune functions of fish gills are largely recognized, but their following functional heterogeneity at the single cell scale has been rarely reported. Here, we performed single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) on the gills of tilapia fish Oreochromis niloticus. We identified a total of 12 cell populations and analyzed their functional heterogeneity. To investigate the physiological function of O. niloticus gills, expression patterns of genes encoding ion transporters were selected from the identified H+-ATPase-rich cells (HR cells), Na+/K+-ATPase-rich cells (NaR cells), and pavement cells. Specific enrichment of ca4a, slc9a1a, and LOC100692482 in the HR cells of O. niloticus gills explained their functions in acid-base regulation. Genes encoding Ca2+ transporters, including atp2b1, LOC100696627, and LOC 100706765, were specifically expressed in the NaR cells. Pavement cells were presumably the main sites responsible for ammonia and urea transports in O. niloticus gills with specific enrichment of Rhbg and LOC100693008, respectively. The expression patterns of the four immune cell subtypes varied greatly, with B cells being enriched with the most immune-related GO terms. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that MAPK signaling pathway was the most enriched pathway among the four types of immune cells in O. niloticus gills. Our results are important in understanding the physiological and immune responses of fish gills at the cellular resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siwen Zheng
- School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China
| | - Wen-Xiong Wang
- School of Energy and Environment and State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, China.
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5
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Liu B, Jin X, Zhang K, Liu Y, Wang S, Chen S, Zhang S, Yin X. Transcriptomic Analysis of Liver Tissue of Black Sea Bass ( Centropristis striata) Exposed to High Nitrogen Environment. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1440. [PMID: 37510344 PMCID: PMC10378819 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The black sea bass, Centropristis striata, is a potential candidate for commercial aquaculture. Due to inadequate removal of nitrogen in its breeding environment, C. striata exhibits increased nitrate concentration, which can cause acute toxicity, including energy metabolism damage and tissue damage. Therefore, RNA-seq technology was applied to characterize genes associated with toxicity tolerance under nitrate stress. The nitrate treatment caused significant changes in a total of 8920 genes, of which 2949 genes were up-regulated and 5971 genes were down-regulated. It was found that significantly enriched GO terms and KEGG were associated with blood microparticles, inhibitors of enzyme activity, and complement and coagulation cascade pathways. Furthermore, through bioinformatics analysis, it was found that these different pathways obtained in GO and KEGG enrichment analysis were mostly related to the immune and inflammatory response of fish. This study expands our understanding of the mechanism of nitrate stress affecting the liver function of C. striata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingjian Liu
- Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Xun Jin
- Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Kun Zhang
- Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Yifan Liu
- Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Shaowen Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shiyi Chen
- Marine Science and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Shufei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fisheries Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Xiaolong Yin
- Zhoushan Fisheries Research Institute of Zhejiang Province, Zhoushan 316021, China
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Ding YC, Lee SS, Peng SK, Yang WK, Lee TH. Salinity-dependent changes in branchial morphometry and Na + , K + -ATPase responses of euryhaline Asian sea bass, Lates calcarifer. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL ZOOLOGY. PART A, ECOLOGICAL AND INTEGRATIVE PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 339:451-463. [PMID: 36878859 DOI: 10.1002/jez.2691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer Bloch, 1790) is a euryhaline fish widely cultured in Asia and Australia. Although it is common to culture Asian sea bass at different salinities, osmoregulatory responses of Asian sea bass during acclimation to various salinities have not been fully observed. In this study, we used scanning electron microscopy to observe the morphology of the ionocyte apical membrane of Asian sea bass acclimated to fresh water (FW), 10‰ brackish water (BW10), 20‰ brackish water (BW20), and seawater (SW; 35‰). Three types of ionocytes were identified in FW and BW fish: (I) flat type with microvilli, (II) basin type with microvilli, and (III) small- hole type. Flat type I ionocytes were also observed in the lamellae of the FW fish. In contrast, two types of ionocytes were identified in SW fish: (III) small-hole type and (IV) big-hole type. Furthermore, we observed Na+ , K+ -ATPase (NKA) immunoreactive cells in the gills, which represent the localization of ionocytes. The highest protein abundance was observed in the SW and FW groups, whereas the highest activity was observed in the SW group. In contrast, the BW10 group had the lowest protein abundance and activity. This study demonstrates the effects of osmoregulatory responses on the morphology and density of ionocytes, as well as protein abundance and activity of NKA. In this study, we found that Asian sea bass had the lowest osmoregulatory response in BW10, because the lowest amounts of ionocytes and NKA were required to maintain osmolality at this salinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Ding
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sih-Shien Lee
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Kai Peng
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Kai Yang
- Water Resources Development Center, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Han Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Mohindra V, Chowdhury LM, Chauhan N, Paul A, Singh RK, Kushwaha B, Maurya RK, Lal KK, Jena JK. Transcriptome Analysis Revealed Osmoregulation Related Regulatory Networks and Hub Genes in the Gills of Hilsa shad, Tenualosa ilisha, during the Migratory Osmotic Stress. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2023; 25:161-173. [PMID: 36631626 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-022-10190-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Tenualosa ilisha (Hilsa shad), an anadromous fish, usually inhabits coastal and estuarine waters, and migrates to freshwater for spawning. In this study, large-scale gill transcriptome analyses from three salinity regions, i.e., fresh, brackish and marine water, revealed 3277 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), out of which 232 were found to be common between marine vs freshwater and brackish vs freshwater. These genes were mapped into 54 KEGG Pathways, and the most significant of these were focal adhesion, adherens junction, tight junction, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways. A total of 24 osmoregulatory genes were found to be differentially expressed in different habitats. The gene members of slc16 and slc2 families showed a dissimilar pattern of expressions, while two claudin genes (cldn11 & cldn10), transmembrane tm56b, and voltage-gated potassium channel gene kcna10 were downregulated in freshwater samples, as compared to that of brackish and marine environment. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis of 232 DEGs showed 101 genes to be involved in PPI, while fn1 gene was found to be interacting with the highest number of genes (36). Twenty-five hub genes belonged to 12 functional groups, with muscle structure development with seven genes, forming the major group. These results provided valuable information about the genes, potentially involved in the molecular mechanisms regulating water homeostasis in gills, during migration for spawning and low-salinity adaptation in Hilsa shad. These genes may form the basis for the bio-marker development for adaptation to the stress levied by major environmental changes, due to hatchery/culture conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vindhya Mohindra
- ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources (NBFGR), Canal Ring Road, Dilkusha, Lucknow, 226002, India.
| | - Labrechai Mog Chowdhury
- ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources (NBFGR), Canal Ring Road, Dilkusha, Lucknow, 226002, India
| | - Nishita Chauhan
- ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources (NBFGR), Canal Ring Road, Dilkusha, Lucknow, 226002, India
| | - Alisha Paul
- ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources (NBFGR), Canal Ring Road, Dilkusha, Lucknow, 226002, India
| | - Rajeev Kumar Singh
- ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources (NBFGR), Canal Ring Road, Dilkusha, Lucknow, 226002, India
| | - Basdeo Kushwaha
- ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources (NBFGR), Canal Ring Road, Dilkusha, Lucknow, 226002, India
| | - Rajesh Kumar Maurya
- ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources (NBFGR), Canal Ring Road, Dilkusha, Lucknow, 226002, India
| | - Kuldeep K Lal
- ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources (NBFGR), Canal Ring Road, Dilkusha, Lucknow, 226002, India
| | - J K Jena
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), Krishi Anusandhan Bhawan-II, New Delhi, 110 012, India
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Morshed SM, Chen YY, Lin CH, Chen YP, Lee TH. Freshwater transfer affected intestinal microbiota with correlation to cytokine gene expression in Asian sea bass. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1097954. [PMID: 37089546 PMCID: PMC10117908 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1097954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
As a catadromous fish, Asian sea bass (Lates calcarifer) juveniles migrate from seawater (SW) to freshwater (FW) for growth and development. During migration, they undergo physiological changes to acclimate to environmental salinity. Thus, it is crucial to understand how SW-to-FW migration affects the gut microbiota of catadromous fish. To the best of our knowledge, no study has revealed the effects of transfer to hypotonic environments on a catadromous fish microbiota. In this study, we aimed to determine the effects of FW transfer on the microbiota and cytokine gene expression in the intestines of juvenile catadromous Asian sea bass. The relationship between the water and the gut microbiota of this euryhaline species was also examined. We found that FW transfer affected both mucosa- and digesta-associated microbiota of Asian sea bass. Plesiomonas and Cetobacterium were dominant in both the mucosa- and digesta-associated microbiota of FW-acclimated sea bass. The pathogenic genera Vibrio, Staphylococcus, and Acinetobacter were dominant in the SW group. Although dominant fish microbes were present in the water, fish had their own unique microbes. Vitamin B6 metabolism was highly expressed in the FW fish microbiota, whereas arginine, proline, and lipid metabolism were highly expressed in the SW fish microbiota. Additionally, the correlation between cytokine gene expression and microbiota was found to be affected by FW transfer. Taken together, our results demonstrated that FW transfer altered the composition and functions of mucosa- and digesta-associated microbiota of catadromous Asian sea bass intestines, which correlated with cytokine gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Monzur Morshed
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yi Chen
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hao Lin
- The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Po Chen
- The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Animal Science, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- *Correspondence: Yen-Po Chen,
| | - Tsung-Han Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- The iEGG and Animal Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Tsung-Han Lee,
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Transcriptome analysis of gills reveals novel insights into the molecular response of stinging catfish (Heteropneustes fossilis) to environmental hypertonicity. Gene 2022; 851:147044. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.147044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analysis of Marine Nematode Litoditis marina Acclimated to Different Salinities. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13040651. [PMID: 35456458 PMCID: PMC9025465 DOI: 10.3390/genes13040651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Salinity is a critical abiotic factor for all living organisms. The ability to adapt to different salinity environments determines an organism’s survival and ecological niches. Litoditis marina is a euryhaline marine nematode widely distributed in coastal ecosystems all over the world, although numerous genes involved in its salinity response have been reported, the adaptive mechanisms underlying its euryhalinity remain unexplored. Here, we utilized worms which have been acclimated to either low-salinity or high-salinity conditions and evaluated their basal gene expression at both transcriptomic and proteomic levels. We found that several conserved regulators, including osmolytes biosynthesis genes, transthyretin-like family genes, V-type H+-transporting ATPase and potassium channel genes, were involved in both short-term salinity stress response and long-term acclimation processes. In addition, we identified genes related to cell volume regulation, such as actin regulatory genes, Rho family small GTPases and diverse ion transporters, which might contribute to hyposaline acclimation, while the glycerol biosynthesis genes gpdh-1 and gpdh-2 accompanied hypersaline acclimation in L. marina. This study paves the way for further in-depth exploration of the adaptive mechanisms underlying euryhalinity and may also contribute to the study of healthy ecosystems in the context of global climate change.
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Domingos JA, Shen X, Terence C, Senapin S, Dong HT, Tan MR, Gibson-Kueh S, Jerry DR. Scale Drop Disease Virus (SDDV) and Lates calcarifer Herpes Virus (LCHV) Coinfection Downregulate Immune-Relevant Pathways and Cause Splenic and Kidney Necrosis in Barramundi Under Commercial Farming Conditions. Front Genet 2021; 12:666897. [PMID: 34220943 PMCID: PMC8249934 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.666897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Marine farming of barramundi (Lates calcarifer) in Southeast Asia is currently severely affected by viral diseases. To better understand the biological implications and gene expression response of barramundi in commercial farming conditions during a disease outbreak, the presence of pathogens, comparative RNAseq, and histopathology targeting multiple organs of clinically “sick” and “healthy” juveniles were investigated. Coinfection of scale drop disease virus (SDDV) and L. calcarifer herpes virus (LCHV) were detected in all sampled fish, with higher SDDV viral loads in sick than in healthy fish. Histopathology showed that livers in sick fish often had moderate to severe abnormal fat accumulation (hepatic lipidosis), whereas the predominant pathology in the kidneys shows moderate to severe inflammation and glomerular necrosis. The spleen was the most severely affected organ, with sick fish presenting severe multifocal and coalescing necrosis. Principal component analysis (PC1 and PC2) explained 70.3% of the observed variance and strongly associated the above histopathological findings with SDDV loads and with the sick phenotypes, supporting a primary diagnosis of the fish being impacted by scale drop disease (SDD). Extracted RNA from kidney and spleen of the sick fish were also severely degraded likely due to severe inflammation and tissue necrosis, indicating failure of these organs in advanced stages of SDD. RNAseq of sick vs. healthy barramundi identified 2,810 and 556 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the liver and muscle, respectively. Eleven significantly enriched pathways (e.g., phagosome, cytokine-cytokine-receptor interaction, ECM-receptor interaction, neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction, calcium signaling, MAPK, CAMs, etc.) and gene families (e.g., tool-like receptor, TNF, lectin, complement, interleukin, chemokine, MHC, B and T cells, CD molecules, etc.) relevant to homeostasis and innate and adaptive immunity were mostly downregulated in sick fish. These DEGs and pathways, also previously identified in L. calcarifer as general immune responses to other pathogens and environmental stressors, suggest a failure of the clinically sick fish to cope and overcome the systemic inflammatory responses and tissue degeneration caused by SDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose A Domingos
- Tropical Futures Institute, James Cook University, Singapore, Singapore.,Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Xueyan Shen
- Tropical Futures Institute, James Cook University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Celestine Terence
- Tropical Futures Institute, James Cook University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Saengchan Senapin
- Faculty of Science, Fish Health Platform, Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Ha Thanh Dong
- Faculty of Science, Fish Health Platform, Center of Excellence for Shrimp Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (Centex Shrimp), Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Faculty of Science and Technology, Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Marie R Tan
- School of Applied Science (SAS), Republic Polytechnic, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Susan Gibson-Kueh
- Tropical Futures Institute, James Cook University, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dean R Jerry
- Tropical Futures Institute, James Cook University, Singapore, Singapore.,Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
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Xie Y, Zhang P, Zhang L. Genome-Wide Transcriptional Responses of Marine Nematode Litoditis marina to Hyposaline and Hypersaline Stresses. Front Physiol 2021; 12:672099. [PMID: 34017268 PMCID: PMC8129518 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.672099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of osmotic homeostasis is essential for all organisms, especially for marine animals in the ocean with 3% salinity or higher. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms that how marine animals adapt to high salinity environment compared to their terrestrial relatives, remain elusive. Here, we investigated marine animal’s genome-wide transcriptional responses to salinity stresses using an emerging marine nematode model Litoditis marina. We found that the transthyretin-like family genes were significantly increased in both hyposaline and hypersaline conditions, while multiple neurotransmitter receptor and ion transporter genes were down-regulated in both conditions, suggesting the existence of conserved strategies for response to stressful salinity environments in L. marina. Unsaturated fatty acids biosynthesis related genes, neuronal related tubulins and intraflagellar transport genes were specifically up-regulated in hyposaline treated worms. By contrast, cuticle related collagen genes were enriched and up-regulated for hypersaline response. Given a wide range of salinity tolerance of the marine nematodes, this study and further genetic analysis of key gene(s) of osmoregulation in L. marina will likely provide important insights into biological evolution and environmental adaptation mechanisms in nematodes and other invertebrate animals in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusu Xie
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Pengchi Zhang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liusuo Zhang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.,Laboratory of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.,Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
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