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Hu B, Yu H, Du S, Li Q. Protoporphyrin IX metabolism mediated via translocator protein (CgTspO) involved in orange shell coloration of pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas). Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 276:134020. [PMID: 39038584 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.134020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2024] [Revised: 07/06/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Mollusc shell color polymorphism is influenced by various factors. Pigments secreted in vivo by animals play a critical role in shell coloration. Among the different shell-color hues, orange pigmentation has been partially attributed to porphyrins. However, the detailed causal relationship between porphyrins and orange-shell phenotype in molluscs remains largely unexplored. The various strains of Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) with different shell color provide useful models to study the molecular regulation of mollusc coloration. Accordingly, oysters with orange and gold-shells, exhibiting distinct porphyrin distributions, were selected for analysis of total metabolites and gene expression profile through mantle metabolomic and transcriptomic studies. Translocator protein (TspO) and protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) were identified as potential factors influencing oyster shell-color. The concentration of PPIX was measured using HPLC, while expression profiling of CgTspO was analyzed by qPCR, in situ hybridization, Western blotting, and immunofluorescence techniques. Moreover, the roles of CgTspO in regulating PPIX metabolism and affecting the orange-shell-coloration were investigated in vitro and in vivo. These studies indicate that PPIX and its associated metabolic protein, CgTspO may serve as new regulators of orange-shell-coloration in C. gigas. Data of this study offer new insights into oyster shell coloration and enhancing understandings of mollusc shell color polymorphism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biyang Hu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Shaojun Du
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Technology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China.
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Jiang K, Yu H, Kong L, Liu S, Li Q. cAMP-Mediated CREM-MITF-TYR Axis Regulates Melanin Synthesis in Pacific Oysters. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2024; 26:460-474. [PMID: 38613620 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-024-10309-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Colorful shells in bivalves are mostly caused by the presence of biological pigments, among which melanin is a key component in the formation of shell colours. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is an important messenger in the regulation of pigmentation in some species. However, the role of cAMP in bivalve melanogenesis has not yet been reported. In this study, we performed in vitro and in vivo experiments to determine the role of cAMP in regulating melanogenesis in Pacific oysters. Besides, the function of cAMP-responsive element modulator (CREM) and the interactions between CREM and melanogenic genes were investigated. Our results showed that a high level of cAMP promotes the expression of melanogenic genes in Pacific oysters. CREM controls the expression of the MITF gene under cAMP regulation. In addition, CREM can regulate melanogenic gene expression, tyrosine metabolism, and melanin synthesis. These results indicate that cAMP plays an important role in the regulation of melanogenesis in Pacific oysters. CREM is a key transcription factor in the oyster melanin synthesis pathway, which plays a crucial role in oyster melanin synthesis through a cAMP-mediated CREM-MITF-TYR axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kunyin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Hong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Lingfeng Kong
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Shikai Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Qi Li
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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Lv X, Wu C, Hu H, Fu Y, Yan L, Wang Z, Lv G, Wang G, Bai Z. Transcriptome analysis of growth and shell color between two genetic variants of Corbicula fluminea with different shell colors. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2023; 45:101056. [PMID: 36736150 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2023.101056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
To clarify the molecular mechanism of the black and yellow shell coloration, we performed a transcriptome analysis of whole tissue of Corbicula fluminea in Hongze Lake (Jiangsu Province, China). After assembly, 335,247 unigenes were obtained, and 136,804 unigenes were functionally identified using public databases (NR, GO, KEGG, eggnog, and Swissprot). 1567 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected through pairwise comparisons, of which 941 DEGs were up-regulated and 626 were down-regulated in the black-shelled clam. We compared the DEGs between two clams and identified some coloration-related genes. Notably, the black-shelled clam was larger than the yellow-shelled. We speculated that higher digestion and anabolic ability of black-shelled clam might lead to this phenomenon. In contrast, the yellow-shelled clam appeared to be more sensitive to environmental stress. The metabolic energy of the yellow-shelled clam was depleted to maintain or recover from stress, and provide less energy for growth. In summary, our finding provides a theoretical basis for the molecular mechanism of pigmentation and the difference of somatotype in bivalve, as well as promotes the future breeding of more elite varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Lv
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources for Freshwater Aquaculture and Fisheries, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shangha Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai 201306, China. https://twitter.com/
| | - Congdi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources for Freshwater Aquaculture and Fisheries, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shangha Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Honghui Hu
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources for Freshwater Aquaculture and Fisheries, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shangha Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yuanshuai Fu
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources for Freshwater Aquaculture and Fisheries, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shangha Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Ling Yan
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources for Freshwater Aquaculture and Fisheries, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shangha Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zhiyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources for Freshwater Aquaculture and Fisheries, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shangha Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Gaolun Lv
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources for Freshwater Aquaculture and Fisheries, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shangha Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Guiling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources for Freshwater Aquaculture and Fisheries, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shangha Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zhiyi Bai
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources for Freshwater Aquaculture and Fisheries, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shangha Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Aquaculture, Shanghai 201306, China.
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Stenger P, Ky C, Vidal‐Dupiol J, Planes S, Reisser C. Identifying genes associated with genetic control of color polymorphism in the pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera var. cumingii (Linnaeus 1758) using a comparative whole genome pool-sequencing approach. Evol Appl 2023; 16:408-427. [PMID: 36793698 PMCID: PMC9923487 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
For hundreds of years, the color diversity of Mollusca shells has been a topic of interest for humanity. However, the genetic control underlying color expression is still poorly understood in mollusks. The pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera is increasingly becoming a biological model to study this process due to its ability to produce a large range of colors. Previous breeding experiments demonstrated that color phenotypes were partly under genetic control, and while a few genes were found in comparative transcriptomics and epigenetic experiments, genetic variants associated with the phenotypes have not yet been investigated. Here, we used a pooled-sequencing approach on 172 individuals to investigate color-associated variants on three color phenotypes of economic interest for pearl farming, in three wild and one hatchery populations. While our results uncovered SNPs targeting pigment-related genes already identified in previous studies, such as PBGD, tyrosinases, GST, or FECH, we also identified new color-related genes occurring in the same pathways, like CYP4F8, CYP3A4, and CYP2R1. Moreover, we identified new genes involved in novel pathways unknown to be involved in shell coloration for P. margaritifera, like the carotenoid pathway, BCO1. These findings are essential to possibly implement future breeding programs focused on individual selection for specific color production in pearl oysters and improve the footprint of perliculture on the Polynesian lagoon by producing less but with a better quality.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chin‐Long Ky
- Ifremer, IRD, Institut Louis‐MalardéUniv Polynésie française, EIOVairaoFrance
- IHPE, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Univ. Perpignan Via DomitiaMontpellierFrance
| | - Jeremie Vidal‐Dupiol
- IHPE, Univ. Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Univ. Perpignan Via DomitiaMontpellierFrance
| | - Serge Planes
- PSL Research University, EPHE‐UPVD‐CNRS, USR 3278 CRIOBE, Labex Corail, Université de PerpignanPerpignan CedexFrance
| | - Céline Reisser
- Ifremer, IRD, Institut Louis‐MalardéUniv Polynésie française, EIOVairaoFrance
- MARBEC, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRDMontpellierFrance
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Identification of a coproporphyrinogen-III oxidase gene and its correlation with nacre color in Hyriopsis cumingii. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265318. [PMID: 35312719 PMCID: PMC8936452 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pearl color is an important factor influencing pearl value, and is affected by the nacre color of the shell in Hyriopsis cumingii. Coproporphyrinogen-III oxidase (CPOX) is a key enzyme in porphyrin synthesis, and porphyrins are involved in color formation in different organisms, including in the nacre color of mussels. In this study, a CPOX gene (HcCPOX) was identified from H. cumingii, and its amino acid sequence was found to contain a coprogen-oxidase domain. HcCPOX mRNA was expressed widely in the tissues of white and purple mussels, and the highest expression was found in the gill, followed by the fringe mantle. The expression of HcCPOX in all tissues of purple mussels (except in the middle mantle) was higher than that of white mussels. Strong hybridization signals for HcCPOX were observed in the dorsal epithelial cells of the outer fold of the mantle. The activity of CPOX in the gill, fringe mantle, and foot of purple mussels was significantly higher than that in white mussels. Moreover, the expression of HcCPOX and CPOX activity were decreased in RNA interference experiments. The findings indicate that HcCPOX might contributes to nacre color formation in H. cumingii by being involved in porphyrin synthesis.
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Bonnard M, Boury B, Parrot I. Xanthurenic Acid in the Shell Purple Patterns of Crassostrea gigas: First Evidence of an Ommochrome Metabolite in a Mollusk Shell. Molecules 2021; 26:7263. [PMID: 34885845 PMCID: PMC8658808 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26237263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ommochromes are one of the least studied groups of natural pigments, frequently confused with melanin and, so far, exclusively found in invertebrates such as cephalopods and butterflies. In this study focused on the purple color of the shells of a mollusk, Crassostrea gigas, the first evidence of a metabolite of ommochromes, xanthurenic acid (XA), was obtained by liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS). In addition to XA and various porphyrins previously identified, a second group of high molecular weight acid-soluble pigments (HMASP) has been identified with physicochemical and structural characteristics similar to those of ommochromes. In addition, fragmentation of HMASP by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) has revealed a substructure common to XA and ommochromes of the ommatin type. Furthermore, the presence of melanins was excluded by the absence of characteristic by-products among the oxidation residues of HMASP. Altogether, these results show that the purple color of the shells of Crassostrea gigas is a complex association of porphyrins and ommochromes of potentially ommatin or ommin type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Bonnard
- IBMM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier, France;
- TARBOURIECH-MEDITHAU, 34340 Marseillan, France
| | - Bruno Boury
- ICGM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Isabelle Parrot
- IBMM, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34095 Montpellier, France;
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