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Drzymalla E, Crider KS, Wang A, Marta G, Khoury MJ, Rasooly D. Epigenome-wide association studies of prenatal maternal mental health and infant epigenetic profiles: a systematic review. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:377. [PMID: 38062042 PMCID: PMC10703876 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02620-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenatal stress and poor maternal mental health are associated with adverse offspring outcomes; however, the biological mechanisms are unknown. Epigenetic modification has linked maternal health with offspring development. Epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) have examined offspring DNA methylation profiles for association with prenatal maternal mental health to elucidate mechanisms of these complex relationships. The objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive, systematic review of EWASs of infant epigenetic profiles and prenatal maternal anxiety, depression, or depression treatment. We conducted a systematic literature search following PRISMA guidelines for EWAS studies between prenatal maternal mental health and infant epigenetics through May 22, 2023. Of 645 identified articles, 20 fulfilled inclusion criteria. We assessed replication of CpG sites among studies, conducted gene enrichment analysis, and evaluated the articles for quality and risk of bias. We found one repeated CpG site among the maternal depression studies; however, nine pairs of overlapping differentially methylatd regions were reported in at least two maternal depression studies. Gene enrichment analysis found significant pathways for maternal depression but not for any other maternal mental health category. We found evidence that these EWAS present a medium to high risk of bias. Exposure to prenatal maternal depression and anxiety or treatment for such was not consistently associated with epigenetic changes in infants in this systematic review and meta-analysis. Small sample size, potential bias due to exposure misclassification and statistical challenges are critical to address in future efforts to explore epigenetic modification as a potential mechanism by which prenatal exposure to maternal mental health disorders leads to adverse infant outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Drzymalla
- Division of Blood Disorders and Public Health Genomics, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Krista S Crider
- Infant Outcomes Research and Prevention Branch, Division of Birth Defects and Infant Disorders, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Arick Wang
- Infant Outcomes Research and Prevention Branch, Division of Birth Defects and Infant Disorders, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Muin J Khoury
- Division of Blood Disorders and Public Health Genomics, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Danielle Rasooly
- Division of Blood Disorders and Public Health Genomics, National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Pradhan J, Mallick S, Mishra N, Tiwari A, Negi VD. Pregnancy, infection, and epigenetic regulation: A complex scenario. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023:166768. [PMID: 37269984 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A unique immunological condition, pregnancy ensures fetus from maternal rejection, allows adequate fetal development, and protects against microorganisms. Infections during pregnancy may lead to devastating consequences for pregnant women and fetuses, resulting in the mother's death, miscarriage, premature childbirth, or neonate with congenital infection and severe diseases and defects. Epigenetic (heritable changes in gene expression) mechanisms like DNA methylation, chromatin modification, and gene expression modulation during gestation are linked with the number of defects in the fetus and adolescents. The feto-maternal crosstalk for fetal survival during the entire gestational stages are tightly regulated by various cellular pathways, including epigenetic mechanisms that respond to both internal as well outer environmental factors, which can influence the fetal development across the gestational stages. Due to the intense physiological, endocrinological, and immunological changes, pregnant women are more susceptible to bacterial, viral, parasitic, and fungal infections than the general population. Microbial infections with viruses (LCMV, SARS-CoV, MERS-CoV, and SARS-CoV-2) and bacteria (Clostridium perfringens, Coxiella burnetii, Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella enteritidis) further increase the risk to maternal and fetal life and developmental outcome. If the infections remain untreated, the possibility of maternal and fetal death exists. This article focused on the severity and susceptibility to infections caused by Salmonella, Listeria, LCMV, and SARS-CoV-2 during pregnancy and their impact on maternal health and the fetus. How epigenetic regulation during pregnancy plays a vital role in deciding the fetus's developmental outcome under various conditions, including infection and other stress. A better understanding of the host-pathogen interaction, the characterization of the maternal immune system, and the epigenetic regulations during pregnancy may help protect the mother and fetus from infection-mediated outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Pradhan
- Laboratory of Infection Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India.
| | - Swarupa Mallick
- Laboratory of Infection Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India.
| | - Neha Mishra
- Laboratory of Infection Immunology, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India.
| | - Aman Tiwari
- Vidya Devi Negi, Infection Immunology Laboratory (2i-Lab), Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Vidya Devi Negi
- Vidya Devi Negi, Infection Immunology Laboratory (2i-Lab), Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Mohali, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Punjab 140306, India.
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Zajec A, Trebušak Podkrajšek K, Tesovnik T, Šket R, Čugalj Kern B, Jenko Bizjan B, Šmigoc Schweiger D, Battelino T, Kovač J. Pathogenesis of Type 1 Diabetes: Established Facts and New Insights. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13040706. [PMID: 35456512 PMCID: PMC9032728 DOI: 10.3390/genes13040706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the T-cell-mediated destruction of insulin-producing β-cells in pancreatic islets. It generally occurs in genetically susceptible individuals, and genetics plays a major role in the development of islet autoimmunity. Furthermore, these processes are heterogeneous among individuals; hence, different endotypes have been proposed. In this review, we highlight the interplay between genetic predisposition and other non-genetic factors, such as viral infections, diet, and gut biome, which all potentially contribute to the aetiology of T1D. We also discuss a possible active role for β-cells in initiating the pathological processes. Another component in T1D predisposition is epigenetic influences, which represent a link between genetic susceptibility and environmental factors and may account for some of the disease heterogeneity. Accordingly, a shift towards personalized therapies may improve the treatment results and, therefore, result in better outcomes for individuals in the long-run. There is also a clear need for a better understanding of the preclinical phases of T1D and finding new predictive biomarkers for earlier diagnosis and therapy, with the final goal of reverting or even preventing the development of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Zajec
- Division of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.Z.); (K.T.P.); (T.T.); (R.Š.); (B.Č.K.); (B.J.B.); (D.Š.S.); (T.B.)
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katarina Trebušak Podkrajšek
- Division of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.Z.); (K.T.P.); (T.T.); (R.Š.); (B.Č.K.); (B.J.B.); (D.Š.S.); (T.B.)
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tine Tesovnik
- Division of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.Z.); (K.T.P.); (T.T.); (R.Š.); (B.Č.K.); (B.J.B.); (D.Š.S.); (T.B.)
| | - Robert Šket
- Division of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.Z.); (K.T.P.); (T.T.); (R.Š.); (B.Č.K.); (B.J.B.); (D.Š.S.); (T.B.)
| | - Barbara Čugalj Kern
- Division of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.Z.); (K.T.P.); (T.T.); (R.Š.); (B.Č.K.); (B.J.B.); (D.Š.S.); (T.B.)
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Barbara Jenko Bizjan
- Division of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.Z.); (K.T.P.); (T.T.); (R.Š.); (B.Č.K.); (B.J.B.); (D.Š.S.); (T.B.)
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Darja Šmigoc Schweiger
- Division of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.Z.); (K.T.P.); (T.T.); (R.Š.); (B.Č.K.); (B.J.B.); (D.Š.S.); (T.B.)
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tadej Battelino
- Division of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.Z.); (K.T.P.); (T.T.); (R.Š.); (B.Č.K.); (B.J.B.); (D.Š.S.); (T.B.)
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Jernej Kovač
- Division of Paediatrics, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (A.Z.); (K.T.P.); (T.T.); (R.Š.); (B.Č.K.); (B.J.B.); (D.Š.S.); (T.B.)
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence:
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