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Belcher JD, Nataraja S, Abdulla F, Zhang P, Chen C, Nguyen J, Ruan C, Singh M, Demes S, Olson L, Stickens D, Stanwix J, Clarke E, Huang Y, Biddle M, Vercellotti GM. The BACH1 inhibitor ASP8731 inhibits inflammation and vaso-occlusion and induces fetal hemoglobin in sickle cell disease. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1101501. [PMID: 37144034 PMCID: PMC10152901 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1101501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In sickle cell disease (SCD), heme released during intravascular hemolysis promotes oxidative stress, inflammation, and vaso-occlusion. Conversely, free heme can also activate expression of antioxidant and globin genes. Heme binds to the transcription factor BACH1, which represses NRF2-mediated gene transcription. ASP8731, is a selective small molecule inhibitor of BACH1. We investigated the ability of ASP8731 to modulate pathways involved in SCD pathophysiology. In HepG2 liver cells, ASP8731 increased HMOX1 and FTH1 mRNA. In pulmonary endothelial cells, ASP8731 decreased VCAM1 mRNA in response to TNF-α and blocked a decrease in glutathione in response to hemin. Townes-SS mice were gavaged once per day for 4 weeks with ASP8731, hydroxyurea (HU) or vehicle. Both ASP8731 and HU inhibited heme-mediated microvascular stasis and in combination, ASP8731 significantly reduced microvascular stasis compared to HU alone. In Townes-SS mice, ASP8731 and HU markedly increased heme oxygenase-1 and decreased hepatic ICAM-1, NF-kB phospho-p65 protein expression in the liver, and white blood cell counts. In addition, ASP8731 increased gamma-globin expression and HbF+ cells (F-cells) as compared to vehicle-treated mice. In human erythroid differentiated CD34+ cells, ASP8731 increased HGB mRNA and increased the percentage of F-cells 2-fold in manner similar to HU. ASP8731 and HU when given together induced more HbF+ cells compared to either drug alone. In CD34+ cells from one donor that was non-responsive to HU, ASP8731 induced HbF+ cells ~2-fold. ASP8731 and HU also increased HBG and HBA, but not HBB mRNA in erythroid differentiated CD34+ cells derived from SCD patients. These data indicate that BACH1 may offer a new therapeutic target to treat SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- John D. Belcher
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
- *Correspondence: John D. Belcher,
| | | | - Fuad Abdulla
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Chunsheng Chen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Julia Nguyen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | - Conglin Ruan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
| | | | - Shilpa Demes
- Astellas Pharma Global Development Inc., Northbrook, IL, United States
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gregory M. Vercellotti
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
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Subotički T, Mitrović Ajtić O, Djikić D, Kovačić M, Santibanez JF, Tošić M, Čokić VP. Nitric Oxide Mediation in Hydroxyurea and Nitric Oxide Metabolites' Inhibition of Erythroid Progenitor Growth. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1562. [PMID: 34827560 PMCID: PMC8616001 DOI: 10.3390/biom11111562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In several systems, hydroxyurea has been shown to trigger nitric oxide (NO) release or activation of NO synthase (NOS). To elucidate this duality in its pharmacological effects, during myelosuppression, we individually examined hydroxyurea's (NO releasing agent) and NO metabolites' (stable NO degradation products) effects on erythroid colony growth and NOS/NO levels in mice using NO scavenger 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide (PTIO). Hydroxyurea and nitrite/nitrate decreased the bone marrow cellularity that was blocked by PTIO only for the NO metabolites. Hydroxyurea inhibition of colony-forming unit-erythroid (CFU-E) formation and reticulocytes was reversed by PTIO. Moreover, hydroxyurea, through a negative feedback mechanism, reduced inducible NOS (iNOS) expressing cells in CFU-E, also prevented by PTIO. Nitrate inhibition of burst-forming units-erythroid (BFU-E) colony growth was blocked by PTIO, but not in mature CFU-E. The presented results reveal that NO release and/or production mediates the hydroxyurea inhibition of mature erythroid colony growth and the frequency of iNOS immunoreactive CFU-E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tijana Subotički
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.S.); (O.M.A.); (D.D.); (M.K.); (J.F.S.); (M.T.)
| | - Olivera Mitrović Ajtić
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.S.); (O.M.A.); (D.D.); (M.K.); (J.F.S.); (M.T.)
| | - Dragoslava Djikić
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.S.); (O.M.A.); (D.D.); (M.K.); (J.F.S.); (M.T.)
| | - Marijana Kovačić
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.S.); (O.M.A.); (D.D.); (M.K.); (J.F.S.); (M.T.)
| | - Juan F. Santibanez
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.S.); (O.M.A.); (D.D.); (M.K.); (J.F.S.); (M.T.)
- Centro Integrativo de Biología y Química Aplicada, Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, Santiago 8370993, Chile
| | - Milica Tošić
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.S.); (O.M.A.); (D.D.); (M.K.); (J.F.S.); (M.T.)
| | - Vladan P. Čokić
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, 11129 Belgrade, Serbia; (T.S.); (O.M.A.); (D.D.); (M.K.); (J.F.S.); (M.T.)
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