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Zhou M, Tang J, Fan J, Wen X, Shen J, Jia R, Chai P, Fan X. Recent progress in retinoblastoma: Pathogenesis, presentation, diagnosis and management. Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2024; 13:100058. [PMID: 38615905 DOI: 10.1016/j.apjo.2024.100058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Retinoblastoma, the primary ocular malignancy in pediatric patients, poses a substantial threat to mortality without prompt and effective management. The prognosis for survival and preservation of visual acuity hinges upon the disease severity at the time of initial diagnosis. Notably, retinoblastoma has played a crucial role in unraveling the genetic foundations of oncogenesis. The process of tumorigenesis commonly begins with the occurrence of biallelic mutation in the RB1 tumor suppressor gene, which is then followed by a cascade of genetic and epigenetic alterations that correspond to the clinical stage and pathological features of the tumor. The RB1 gene, recognized as a tumor suppressor, encodes the retinoblastoma protein, which plays a vital role in governing cellular replication through interactions with E2F transcription factors and chromatin remodeling proteins. The diagnosis and treatment of retinoblastoma necessitate consideration of numerous factors, including disease staging, germline mutation status, family psychosocial factors, and the resources available within the institution. This review has systematically compiled and categorized the latest developments in the diagnosis and treatment of retinoblastoma which enhanced the quality of care for this pediatric malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20025, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jieling Tang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayan Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20025, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20025, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuyang Wen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20025, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20025, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfeng Shen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20025, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20025, People's Republic of China
| | - Renbing Jia
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20025, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20025, People's Republic of China
| | - Peiwei Chai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20025, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20025, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xianqun Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20025, People's Republic of China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orbital Diseases and Ocular Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 20025, People's Republic of China.
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Pi X, Zhang Q, Wang X, Jiang F. Retinoblastoma and polydactyly in a child with 46, XY, 15pstk+ karyotype-A case report and literature review. Mol Genet Genomic Med 2024; 12:e2414. [PMID: 38465842 PMCID: PMC10926652 DOI: 10.1002/mgg3.2414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Retinoblastoma (Rb) is the most common intraocular malignancy in childhood, originating from primitive retinal stem cells or cone precursor cells. It can be triggered by mutations of the RB1 gene or amplification of the MYCN gene. Rb may rarely present with polydactyly. METHODS We conducted karyotype analysis, copy number variation sequencing, and whole-genome sequencing on the infant proband and his family. The clinical course and laboratory results of the proband's infant were documented and collected. We also reviewed the relevant literature. RESULTS A 68-day-old boy presented with preaxial polydactyly and corneal edema. His intraocular pressure (IOP) was 40/19 mmHg, and color Doppler imaging revealed vitreous solid mass-occupying lesions with calcification in the right eye. Ocular CT showed flaky high-density and calcification in the right eye. This was classified as an International Retinoblastoma Staging System group E retinoblastoma with an indication for enucleation. Enucleation and orbital implantation were performed on the child's right eye. Karyotype analysis revealed an abnormal 46, XY, 15pstk+ karyotype, and the mother exhibited diploidy of the short arm of chromosome 15. The Alx-4 development factor, 13q deletion syndrome, and the PAPA2 gene have been reported as potential mechanisms for Rb combined with polydactyly. CONCLUSION We report the case of a baby boy with Rb and polydactyly exhibiting a 46, XY, 15pstk+ Karyotype. We discuss potential genetic factors related to both Rb and polydactyly. Furthermore, there is a need for further exploration into the impact of chromosomal polymorphisms in Rb with polydactyly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohuan Pi
- Department of OphthalmologyThe Sixth Hospital of Wuhan, Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Qiming Zhang
- Department of OphthalmologyThe Sixth Hospital of Wuhan, Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Xinghua Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
| | - Fagang Jiang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical CollegeHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhanChina
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Ladewig MS, Jacobsen JOB, Wagner AH, Danis D, El Kassaby B, Gargano M, Groza T, Baudis M, Steinhaus R, Seelow D, Bechrakis NE, Mungall CJ, Schofield PN, Elemento O, Smith L, McMurry JA, Munoz‐Torres M, Haendel MA, Robinson PN. GA4GH Phenopackets: A Practical Introduction. ADVANCED GENETICS (HOBOKEN, N.J.) 2023; 4:2200016. [PMID: 36910590 PMCID: PMC10000265 DOI: 10.1002/ggn2.202200016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The Global Alliance for Genomics and Health (GA4GH) is developing a suite of coordinated standards for genomics for healthcare. The Phenopacket is a new GA4GH standard for sharing disease and phenotype information that characterizes an individual person, linking that individual to detailed phenotypic descriptions, genetic information, diagnoses, and treatments. A detailed example is presented that illustrates how to use the schema to represent the clinical course of a patient with retinoblastoma, including demographic information, the clinical diagnosis, phenotypic features and clinical measurements, an examination of the extirpated tumor, therapies, and the results of genomic analysis. The Phenopacket Schema, together with other GA4GH data and technical standards, will enable data exchange and provide a foundation for the computational analysis of disease and phenotype information to improve our ability to diagnose and conduct research on all types of disorders, including cancer and rare diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus S. Ladewig
- Department of OphthalmologyKlinikum Saarbrücken66119SaarbrückenGermany
| | - Julius O. B. Jacobsen
- William Harvey Research InstituteCharterhouse SquareBarts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry QueenQueen Mary University of LondonLondonEC1M 6BQUK
| | - Alex H. Wagner
- Departments of Pediatrics and Biomedical InformaticsThe Ohio State University College of MedicineColumbusOH43210USA
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic MedicineNationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOH43215USA
| | - Daniel Danis
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine10 Discovery DriveFarmingtonCT06032USA
| | - Baha El Kassaby
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine10 Discovery DriveFarmingtonCT06032USA
| | - Michael Gargano
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine10 Discovery DriveFarmingtonCT06032USA
| | - Tudor Groza
- European Molecular Biology LaboratoryEuropean Bioinformatics Institute (EMBL‐EBI)CambridgeCB10 1SDUK
| | - Michael Baudis
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences and Swiss Institute of BioinformaticsUniversity of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Robin Steinhaus
- Exploratory Diagnostic SciencesBerlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin10178BerlinGermany
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Human GeneticsCharité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinCorporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin13353BerlinGermany
| | - Dominik Seelow
- Exploratory Diagnostic SciencesBerlin Institute of Health at Charité – Universitätsmedizin Berlin10178BerlinGermany
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Human GeneticsCharité – Universitätsmedizin BerlinCorporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin13353BerlinGermany
| | | | - Christopher J. Mungall
- Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryEnvironmental Genomics and Systems BiologyBerkeleyCA94720USA
| | - Paul N. Schofield
- Department of Physiology Development and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeDowning StreetCambridgeCB2 3EGUK
- The Jackson LaboratoryBar HarborME04609USA
| | - Olivier Elemento
- Caryl and Israel Englander Institute for Precision MedicineWeill Cornell MedicineNew YorkNY10021USA
| | - Lindsay Smith
- Ontario Institute for Cancer ResearchAdaptive OncologyTorontoCAM5G0A3USA
- Global Alliance for Genomics and HealthTorontoCAM5G0A3USA
| | - Julie A. McMurry
- Center for Health AIUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCO80045USA
| | - Monica Munoz‐Torres
- Center for Health AIUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCO80045USA
| | - Melissa A. Haendel
- Center for Health AIUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAuroraCO80045USA
| | - Peter N. Robinson
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine10 Discovery DriveFarmingtonCT06032USA
- Institute for Systems GenomicsUniversity of ConnecticutFarmingtonCT06032USA
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