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Benchlih S, Esmaeel Q, Aberkani K, Tahiri A, Belabess Z, Lahlali R, Barka EA. Modes of Action of Biocontrol Agents and Elicitors for sustainable Protection against Bacterial Canker of Tomato. Microorganisms 2023; 11:microorganisms11030726. [PMID: 36985299 PMCID: PMC10054590 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11030726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Tomato is one of the world’s most commonly grown and consumed vegetables. However, it can be attacked by the Gram-positive bacterium Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Cmm), which causes bacterial canker on tomato plants, resulting in significant financial losses in field production and greenhouses worldwide. The current management strategies rely principally on the application of various chemical pesticides and antibiotics, which represent a real danger to the environment and human safety. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have emerged as an attractive alternative to agrochemical crop protection methods. PGPR act through several mechanisms to support plant growth and performance, while also preventing pathogen infection. This review highlights the importance of bacterial canker disease and the pathogenicity of Cmm. We emphasize the application of PGPR as an ecological and cost-effective approach to the biocontrol of Cmm, specifying the complex modes of biocontrol agents (BCAs), and presenting their direct/indirect mechanisms of action that enable them to effectively protect tomato crops. Pseudomonas and Bacillus are considered to be the most interesting PGPR species for the biological control of Cmm worldwide. Improving plants’ innate defense mechanisms is one of the main biocontrol mechanisms of PGPR to manage bacterial canker and to limit its occurrence and gravity. Herein, we further discuss elicitors as a new management strategy to control Cmm, which are found to be highly effective in stimulating the plant immune system, decreasing disease severity, and minimizing pesticide use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Benchlih
- Phytopathology Unit, Department of Plant Protection, Ecole Nationale d’Agriculture de Meknès, Km 10, Rte Haj Kaddour, BP S/40, Meknes 50001, Morocco
- Unité de Recherche Résistance Induite et Bio-Protection des Plantes-EA 4707-USC INRAE1488, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France
- Faculté Poly-Disciplinaire de Nador, University Mohammed Premier, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Qassim Esmaeel
- Unité de Recherche Résistance Induite et Bio-Protection des Plantes-EA 4707-USC INRAE1488, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France
| | - Kamal Aberkani
- Faculté Poly-Disciplinaire de Nador, University Mohammed Premier, Oujda 60000, Morocco
| | - Abdessalem Tahiri
- Phytopathology Unit, Department of Plant Protection, Ecole Nationale d’Agriculture de Meknès, Km 10, Rte Haj Kaddour, BP S/40, Meknes 50001, Morocco
| | - Zineb Belabess
- Plant Protection Laboratory, Regional Center of Agricultural Research of Meknes, National Institute of Agricultural Research, Km 13, Route Haj Kaddour, BP.578, Meknes 50001, Morocco
| | - Rachid Lahlali
- Phytopathology Unit, Department of Plant Protection, Ecole Nationale d’Agriculture de Meknès, Km 10, Rte Haj Kaddour, BP S/40, Meknes 50001, Morocco
- Correspondence: (R.L.); (E.A.B.)
| | - Essaid Ait Barka
- Unité de Recherche Résistance Induite et Bio-Protection des Plantes-EA 4707-USC INRAE1488, Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne, 51100 Reims, France
- Correspondence: (R.L.); (E.A.B.)
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Wai AH, Rahman MM, Waseem M, Cho LH, Naing AH, Jeon JS, Lee DJ, Kim CK, Chung MY. Comprehensive Genome-Wide Analysis and Expression Pattern Profiling of PLATZ Gene Family Members in Solanum Lycopersicum L. under Multiple Abiotic Stresses. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11223112. [PMID: 36432841 PMCID: PMC9697139 DOI: 10.3390/plants11223112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
PLATZ (plant AT-rich sequence and zinc-binding) family proteins with two conserved zinc-dependent DNA-binding motifs are transcription factors specific to the plant kingdom. The functions of PLATZ proteins in growth, development, and adaptation to multiple abiotic stresses have been investigated in various plant species, but their role in tomato has not been explored yet. In the present work, 20 non-redundant Solanum lycopersicum PLATZ (SlPLATZ) genes with three segmentally duplicated gene pairs and four tandemly duplicated gene pairs were identified on eight tomato chromosomes. The comparative modeling and gene ontology (GO) annotations of tomato PLATZ proteins indicated their probable roles in defense response, transcriptional regulation, and protein metabolic processes as well as their binding affinity for various ligands, including nucleic acids, peptides, and zinc. SlPLATZ10 and SlPLATZ17 were only expressed in 1 cm fruits and flowers, respectively, indicating their preferential involvement in the development of these organs. The expression of SlPLATZ1, SlPLATZ12, and SlPLATZ19 was up- or down-regulated following exposure to various abiotic stresses, whereas that of SlPLATZ11 was induced under temperature stresses (i.e., cold and heat stress), revealing their probable function in the abiotic stress tolerance of tomato. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis corroborated the aforementioned findings by spotlighting the co-expression of several stress-associated genes with SlPLATZ genes. Confocal fluorescence microscopy revealed the localization of SlPLATZ−GFP fusion proteins in the nucleus, hinting at their functions as transcription factors. These findings provide a foundation for a better understanding of the structure and function of PLATZ genes and should assist in the selection of potential candidate genes involved in the development and abiotic stress adaptation in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antt Htet Wai
- Department of Agricultural Education, Sunchon National University, 413 Jungangno, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biology, Yangon University of Education, Kamayut Township 11041, Yangon Region, Myanmar
| | - Md Mustafizur Rahman
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Muhammad Waseem
- Department of Botany, University of Narowal, Narowal 51600, Pakistan
| | - Lae-Hyeon Cho
- Department of Plant Bioscience, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang-si 50463, Gyeongsangnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Aung Htay Naing
- Department of Horticulture, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Seong Jeon
- Graduate School of Biotechnology and Crop Biotech Institute, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-jin Lee
- Department of Agricultural Education, Sunchon National University, 413 Jungangno, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Kil Kim
- Department of Horticulture, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi-Young Chung
- Department of Agricultural Education, Sunchon National University, 413 Jungangno, Suncheon 57922, Republic of Korea
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Advances in the Characterization of the Mechanism Underlying Bacterial Canker Development and Tomato Plant Resistance. HORTICULTURAE 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae8030209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial canker caused by the Gram-positive actinobacterium Clavibacter michiganensis is one of the most serious bacterial diseases of tomatoes, responsible for 10–100% yield losses worldwide. The pathogen can systemically colonize tomato vascular bundles, leading to wilting, cankers, bird’s eye lesions, and plant death. Bactericidal agents are insufficient for managing this disease, because the pathogen can rapidly migrate through the vascular system of plants and induce systemic symptoms. Therefore, the use of resistant cultivars is necessary for controlling this disease. We herein summarize the pathogenicity of C. michiganensis in tomato plants and the molecular basis of bacterial canker pathogenesis. Moreover, advances in the characterization of resistance to this pathogen in tomatoes are introduced, and the status of genetics-based research is described. Finally, we propose potential future research on tomato canker resistance. More specifically, there is a need for a thorough analysis of the host–pathogen interaction, the accelerated identification and annotation of resistance genes and molecular mechanisms, the diversification of resistance resources or exhibiting broad-spectrum disease resistance, and the production of novel and effective agents for control or prevention. This review provides researchers with the relevant information for breeding tomato cultivars resistant to bacterial cankers.
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