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Qi S, Xu X, Liu L, Wang G, Bao Q, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Zhang Y, Xu Q, Zhao W, Chen G. The development rule of feathers and application of hair root tissue in sex identification of Yangzhou geese. Poult Sci 2024; 103:103529. [PMID: 38350388 PMCID: PMC10875616 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2024.103529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Accurate gender identification is crucial for the study of bird reproduction and evolution. The current study aimed to explore and evaluate the effectiveness of a noninvasive method for gender identification in Yangzhou geese. In this experiment, 600 goose eggs were collected. Hair root tissues were used for PCR amplification, molecular sequencing, and anal inversion for early sex recognition in goslings. According to the DNA amplification results for the feather pulp tissue of 2-wk-old geese, bands appeared at 436 bp (CHD1-Z) and 330 bp (CHD1-W) upon gel electrophoresis. This method considered the base of goose feathers to accelerate the process of gender recognition. By examining the sex of anatomized poultry for verification, the accuracy rate of PCR gel electrophoresis and molecular sequencing sex identification was 100%, whereas the average accuracy rate of anal inversion was 97.41%. In the comparison of feather growth trends at 0 to 18 wk of age, the feather root weight (FRW), feather root length (FRL), feather branch length (FBL), and feather shaft diameter (FSD) of Yangzhou goose of the same age were not significantly different between males and females (P > 0.05). At 6 wk of age, the FRW, FRL, and FSD in males and FRL in females increased rapidly; their growth increased by 84.43, 67.58, 45.10, and 69.42%, respectively. At 10 wk of age, the male FRL, male FBL, and female FBL increased by 37.31, 34.81, and 21.72, respectively. The Boltzmann model was found to be the best-fitting model for the feathers of male Yangzhou geese. Early sex identification based on feather growth trends between the sexes is not feasible. This study provides a convenient and reliable technical means for early sex identification of waterfowl and serves as an ecological strategy for protecting the reproduction of poultry populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shangzong Qi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, P. R. China
| | - Xinlei Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, P. R. China
| | - Linyu Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, P. R. China
| | - Guoyao Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Bao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, P. R. China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, P. R. China
| | - Yang Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, P. R. China
| | - Qi Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, P. R. China
| | - Wenming Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, P. R. China.
| | - Guohong Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province 225009, P. R. China; Key Laboratory for Evaluation and Utilization of Livestock and Poultry Resources (Poultry), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P.R. China
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In Silico Analysis of Seven PCR Markers Developed from the CHD1, NIPBL and SPIN Genes Followed by Laboratory Testing Shows How to Reliably Determine the Sex of Musophagiformes Species. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13050932. [PMID: 35627317 PMCID: PMC9140868 DOI: 10.3390/genes13050932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex determination in birds, due to the very common lack of sexual dimorphism, is challenging. Therefore, molecular sexing is often the only reliable way to differentiate between the sexes. However, for many bird species, very few genetic markers are available to accurately, quickly, and cost-effectively type sex. Therefore, in our study, using 14 species belonging to the order Musophagiformes, we tested the usefulness of seven PCR markers (three of which have never been used to determine the sex of turacos), developed based on the CHD1, NIPBL, and SPIN genes, to validate existing and develop new strategies/methods of sex determination. After in silico analysis, for which we used the three turaco nuclear genomes available in GenBank, the suitability of the seven selected markers for sexing turacos was tested in the laboratory. It turned out that the best of the markers tested was the 17th intron in the NIPBL gene (not previously tested in turacos), allowing reliable sex determination in 13 of the 14 species tested. For the one species not sexed by this marker, the 9th intron in the CHD1 gene proved to be effective. The remaining markers were of little (4 markers developed based on the CHD1 gene) or no use (marker developed based on the SPIN gene).
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