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Fang Z, Li D, Murong H, He M, Liu Y, Liu J, Wu J, Li Y, Li Y, Jin X, Yang Y, Zhang Y. Comparative Plastome Analysis Between Endangered Mangrove Species Acanthus ebracteatus and Acanthus Relatives Provides Insights into Its Origin and Adaptive Evolution. Ecol Evol 2024; 14:e70566. [PMID: 39568763 PMCID: PMC11578654 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.70566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2024] [Accepted: 11/01/2024] [Indexed: 11/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Acanthus ebracteatus is a typical true mangrove species with great ecological and medicinal values. However, it has become endangered in China. Moreover, because of the similar morphology and distribution, it is commonly confused with the congeneric mangrove species, A. ilicifolius, which poses challenges to the protection and proper medicinal utilization of A. ebracteatus. Plastomes provide a solution for molecular identification and adaptive evolution investigation of plants. In this study, we dissected the complete plastome for A. ebracteatus and performed comparative analysis to A. ilicifolius and three non-mangrove relatives (A. montanus, A. leucostachyus and A. mollis). Both plastome sequences and structure are highly conserved between the two mangrove species, while less similar between mangrove and non-mangrove species. Phylogenetic analysis suggested that the mangrove species were divergent from the non-mangrove groups at approximately 15.15 million years ago (Mya), where early to middle Miocene global warming and high sea level might act as one of the main forces driving the mangrove lineage entering into intertidal environments. Furthermore, 12 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 10 insertions/deletions (indels) were detected between the plastomes of A. ebracteatus and A. ilicifolius. PCR validation further demonstrated the effectiveness of the plastid marker in distinguishing the two sibling mangrove species. Taken together, our study broadens the understanding of the origin and evolution of Acanthus mangrove plants, and provided valuable information on the correct identification and protection of endangered mangrove species A. ebracteatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zanshan Fang
- Hainan Mangrove Research InstituteHainan Academy of ForestryHaikouChina
| | - Danfeng Li
- Mangrove Institute, Research Center of Integrated Protection and Utilization of Mangrove Rare and Endangered Species, Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Mangrove Ecosystem Protection and RestorationLingnan Normal UniversityZhanjiangChina
| | - Haien Murong
- Mangrove Institute, Research Center of Integrated Protection and Utilization of Mangrove Rare and Endangered Species, Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Mangrove Ecosystem Protection and RestorationLingnan Normal UniversityZhanjiangChina
| | - Meng He
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life SciencesHainan Normal UniversityHaikouChina
| | - Yuqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of EcologySun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Jiaxuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of EcologySun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Jiaxiao Wu
- Mangrove Institute, Research Center of Integrated Protection and Utilization of Mangrove Rare and Endangered Species, Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Mangrove Ecosystem Protection and RestorationLingnan Normal UniversityZhanjiangChina
| | - Yingqi Li
- Mangrove Institute, Research Center of Integrated Protection and Utilization of Mangrove Rare and Endangered Species, Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Mangrove Ecosystem Protection and RestorationLingnan Normal UniversityZhanjiangChina
| | - Yongyu Li
- Mangrove Institute, Research Center of Integrated Protection and Utilization of Mangrove Rare and Endangered Species, Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Mangrove Ecosystem Protection and RestorationLingnan Normal UniversityZhanjiangChina
| | - Xiang Jin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life SciencesHainan Normal UniversityHaikouChina
| | - Yuchen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of EcologySun Yat‐sen UniversityShenzhenChina
| | - Ying Zhang
- Hainan Mangrove Research InstituteHainan Academy of ForestryHaikouChina
- Mangrove Institute, Research Center of Integrated Protection and Utilization of Mangrove Rare and Endangered Species, Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Mangrove Ecosystem Protection and RestorationLingnan Normal UniversityZhanjiangChina
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Sundar Panja A. The systematic codon usage bias has an important effect on genetic adaption in native species. Gene 2024; 926:148627. [PMID: 38823656 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2024.148627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Random mutations increase genetic variety and natural selection enhances adaption over generations. Codon usage biases (CUB) provide clues about the genome adaptation mechanisms of native species and extremophile species. Significant numbers of gene (CDS) of nine classes of endangered, native species, including extremophiles and mesophiles were utilised to compute CUB. Codon usage patterns differ among the lineages of endangered and extremophiles with native species. Polymorphic usage of nucleotides with codon burial suggests parallelism of native species within relatively confined taxonomic groups. Utilizing the deviation pattern of CUB of endangered and native species, I present a calculation parameter to estimate the extinction risk of endangered species. Species diversity and extinction risk are both positively associated with the propensity of random mutation in CDS (Coding DNA sequence). Codon bias tenet profoundly selected and it governs to adaptive evolution of native species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anindya Sundar Panja
- Department of Biotechnology, Molecular Informatics Laboratory, Oriental Institute of Science and Technology, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, West Bengal 721102, India.
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Zhang Y, Zhang J, Chen Z, Huang Y, Liu J, Liu Y, Yang Y, Jin X, Yang Y, Chen Y. Comparison of organelle genomes between endangered mangrove plant Dolichandrone spathacea to terrestrial relative provides insights into its origin and adaptative evolution. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1442178. [PMID: 39376234 PMCID: PMC11457174 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1442178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 10/09/2024]
Abstract
Dolichandrone spathacea is a mangrove associate with high medicinal and ecological values. However, due to the dual-pressure of climate change and human activities, D. spathacea has become endangered in China. Moreover, misidentification between D. spathacea and its terrestrial relative D. cauda-felina poses further challenges to field protection and proper medicinal usage of D. spathacea. Thus, to address these problems, we sequenced and assembled mitochondrial (mt) and chloroplast (cp) genomes for both D. spathacea and D. cauda-felina. Comparative analysis revealed apparently different size and scaffold number between the two mt genomes, but a high similarity between the cp genomes. Eight regions with high sequence divergence were identified between the two cp genomes, which might be used for developing candidate DNA markers for distinguishing the two species. The splitting between D. spathacea and D. cauda-felina was inferred to occur at ~6.8 - 7.7 million years ago (Mya), which may be driven by the environment fluctuations in late Miocene. In the cp genome, 12 genes related to the expression of photosynthesis-associated proteins were detected with signatures of positive selection, which may contribute to the origin and evolutionary adaptation of Dolichandrone mangrove species. These new findings do not only enrich organelle genomic resources of Dolichandrone species, but also provide important genetic clues for improving the conservation and proper usage of endangered mangrove associate D. spathacea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- Hainan Academy of Forestry, Hainan Mangrove Research Institute, Haikou, China
- Mangrove Rare and Endangered Species Protection and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Mangrove Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China
| | - Zewei Chen
- Mangrove Rare and Endangered Species Protection and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Mangrove Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Yanni Huang
- Mangrove Rare and Endangered Species Protection and Utilization Engineering Technology Research Center, Zhanjiang Key Laboratory of Mangrove Ecosystem Protection and Restoration, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jiaxuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuqi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China
| | - Xiang Jin
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Ecology of Tropical Islands, Key Laboratory of Tropical Animal and Plant Ecology of Hainan Province, College of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, China
| | - Yuchen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Ecology, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yiqing Chen
- Hainan Academy of Forestry, Hainan Mangrove Research Institute, Haikou, China
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Sharko FS, Petrova KO, Patrushev MV, Fedosov DY, Toshchakov SV. Chloroplast Genome Variation and Phylogenetic Relationships of Autochthonous Varieties of Vitis vinifera from the Don Valley. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:9928. [PMID: 39337416 PMCID: PMC11432254 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25189928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2024] [Revised: 09/10/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
The autochthonous grape varieties of the Don Valley, situated in southern Russia, constitute a distinctive element of regional cultural heritage. These varieties have been adapted over centuries to the region's specific local climatic and soil conditions. For the most part, these varieties are not imported from other countries. They are closely related to varieties found in Crimea and the North Caucasus. In this study, we obtained the first complete, unfragmented sequences of the chloroplast genomes of eight autochthonous varieties from the Don Valley and one from Crimea. We also performed a comparative analysis of their genomic features. The size of Vitis vinifera chloroplast genome sequences varied from 160,925 to 160,991 bp, depending on the cultivar, with a uniform GC ratio of 37.38%. Each genome consists of four subregions: a single copy region (LSC) ranging from 89,158 to 89,336 bp, a small single copy region (SSC) ranging from 19,070 to 19,073 bp, and a pair of inverted repeat regions (IRa and IRb) in the range of 26,292 to 26,353 bp. The chloroplast genomes of the studied V. vinifera varieties contained 130 genes, including 85 protein-coding genes, 8 rRNA genes, and 37 tRNA genes. The sequence divergence analysis has enabled the identification of four highly variable regions, which may be utilized as potential markers for phylogenetic analysis. The analysis revealed the presence of 58 to 61 SSRs and multiple long repeated sequences in the chloroplast genomes of these varieties. The phylogenetic analyses of the sequences obtained and complete chloroplast genomes available from public databases indicated that the majority of autochthonous V. vinifera varieties do not have a direct origin from any European variety.
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Affiliation(s)
- F S Sharko
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Academician Kurchatov pl., 1, Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - K O Petrova
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Academician Kurchatov pl., 1, Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - M V Patrushev
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Academician Kurchatov pl., 1, Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - D Y Fedosov
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Academician Kurchatov pl., 1, Moscow 123182, Russia
| | - S V Toshchakov
- National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute", Academician Kurchatov pl., 1, Moscow 123182, Russia
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Zhang Z, Shi X, Tian H, Qiu J, Ma H, Tan D. Complete Chloroplast Genome of Megacarpaea megalocarpa and Comparative Analysis with Related Species from Brassicaceae. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:886. [PMID: 39062665 PMCID: PMC11276580 DOI: 10.3390/genes15070886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Megacarpaea megalocarpa, a perennial herbaceous species belonging to the Brassicaceae family, has potential medicinal value. We isolated and characterized the chloroplast (cp) genome of M. megalocarpa and compared it with closely related species. The chloroplast genome displayed a typical quadripartite structure, spanning 154,877 bp, with an overall guanine-cytosine (GC) content of 36.20%. Additionally, this genome contained 129 genes, 105 simple sequence repeats (SSRs), and 48 long repeat sequences. Significantly, the ycf1 gene exhibited a high degree of polymorphism at the small single copy (SSC) region and the inverted repeat a (IRa) boundary. Despite this polymorphism, relative synonymous codon usage (RSCU) values were found to be similar across species, and no large segment rearrangements or inversions were detected. The large single copy (LSC) and SSC regions showed higher sequence variations and nucleotide polymorphisms compared to the IR region. Thirteen distinct hotspot regions were identified as potential molecular markers. Our selection pressure analysis revealed that the protein-coding gene rpl20 is subjected to different selection pressures in various species. Phylogenetic analysis positioned M. megalocarpa within the expanded lineage II of the Brassicaceae family. The estimated divergence time suggests that M. megalocarpa diverged approximately 4.97 million years ago. In summary, this study provides crucial baseline information for the molecular identification, phylogenetic relationships, conservation efforts, and utilization of wild resources in Megacarpaea.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Dunyan Tan
- Xinjiang Key Laboratory for Ecological Adaptation and Evolution of Extreme Environment Biology, College of Life Sciences, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China; (Z.Z.); (X.S.); (H.T.); (J.Q.); (H.M.)
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Xie Y, Liu W, Guo L, Zhang X. Mitochondrial genome complexity in Stemona sessilifolia: nanopore sequencing reveals chloroplast gene transfer and DNA rearrangements. Front Genet 2024; 15:1395805. [PMID: 38903753 PMCID: PMC11188483 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1395805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are semi-autonomous organelles in eukaryotic cells with their own genome. Plant mitogenomes differ from animal mitogenomes in size, structure, and repetitive DNA sequences. Despite larger sizes, plant mitogenomes do not have significantly more genes. They exhibit diverse structures due to variations in size, repetitive DNA, recombination frequencies, low gene densities, and reduced nucleotide substitution rates. In this study, we analyzed the mitochondrial genome of Stemona sessilifolia using Nanopore and Illumina sequencing. De-novo assembly and annotation were conducted using Unicycler, Geseq, tRNAscan-SE and BLASTN, followed by codon usage, repeat sequence, RNA-editing, synteny, and phylogenetic analyses. S. sessilifolia's mitogenome consisted of one linear contig and six circular contigs totaling 724,751 bp. It had 39 protein-coding genes, 27 tRNA genes, and 3 rRNA genes. Transfer of chloroplast sequences accounted for 13.14% of the mitogenome. Various analyses provided insights into genetic characteristics, evolutionary dynamics, and phylogenetic placement. Further investigations can explore transferred genes' functions and RNA-editing's role in mitochondrial gene expression in S. sessilifolia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuning Xie
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Wenqiong Liu
- Public Health Department, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Liwen Guo
- College of Life Science, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Xuemei Zhang
- School of Public Health, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
- College of Life Science, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
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Almerekova S, Yermagambetova M, Osmonali B, Vesselova P, Abugalieva S, Turuspekov Y. Characterization of the Plastid Genomes of Four Caroxylon Thunb. Species from Kazakhstan. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 13:1332. [PMID: 38794403 PMCID: PMC11124919 DOI: 10.3390/plants13101332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
The family Chenopodiaceae Vent. (Amaranthaceae s.l.) is known for its taxonomic complexity, comprising species of significant economic and ecological importance. Despite its significance, the availability of plastid genome data for this family remains limited. This study involved assembling and characterizing the complete plastid genomes of four Caroxylon Thunb. species within the tribe Salsoleae s.l., utilizing next-generation sequencing technology. We compared genome features, nucleotide diversity, and repeat sequences and conducted a phylogenetic analysis of ten Salsoleae s.l. species. The size of the plastid genome varied among four Caroxylon species, ranging from 150,777 bp (C. nitrarium) to 151,307 bp (C. orientale). Each studied plastid genome encoded 133 genes, including 114 unique genes. This set of genes includes 80 protein-coding genes, 30 tRNA genes, and 4 rRNA genes. Eight divergent regions (accD, atpF, matK, ndhF-ndhG, petB, rpl20-rpl22, rpoC2, and ycf3) were identified in ten Salsoleae s.l. plastid genomes, which could be potential DNA-barcoding markers. Additionally, 1106 repeat elements were detected, consisting of 814 simple sequence repeats, 92 tandem repeats, 88 forward repeats, 111 palindromic repeats, and one reverse repeat. The phylogenetic analysis provided robust support for the relationships within Caroxylon species. These data represent a valuable resource for future phylogenetic studies within the genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyryn Almerekova
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (S.A.); (M.Y.); (S.A.)
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Moldir Yermagambetova
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (S.A.); (M.Y.); (S.A.)
| | - Bektemir Osmonali
- Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (B.O.); (P.V.)
| | - Polina Vesselova
- Institute of Botany and Phytointroduction, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (B.O.); (P.V.)
| | - Saule Abugalieva
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (S.A.); (M.Y.); (S.A.)
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
| | - Yerlan Turuspekov
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan; (S.A.); (M.Y.); (S.A.)
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty 050040, Kazakhstan
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Chin JH, Wong XJ, Chong TF, Muangkot P, Heng AT, Tanee T, Lee SY. The complete chloroplast genome of Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb. ex Lindl. (Pandanaceae) and its phylogenetic relationship. Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2024; 9:541-545. [PMID: 38665928 PMCID: PMC11044763 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2024.2345773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pandanus amaryllifolius of Pandanaceae, a plant native to Southeast Asia, has been domesticated for its health benefits and aromatic leaves. It is also used for phytoremediation and soil rehabilitation. However, genetic studies of this species are limited. This study aims to expand its genomic information by assembling and characterizing the complete chloroplast genome of P. amaryllifolius. The chloroplast genome, which was 157,839 bp long, contains a total of 133 genes, including 87 protein-coding (CDS), 38 tRNA, and eight rRNA genes. The overall G/C content was 37.7%. A phylogenetic analysis using 79 shared unique CDS revealed a monophyletic relationship in Pandanales. Based on the limited sampling size, Pandanus amaryllifolius was the first to diverge in Pandanaceae. The genomic data will be useful for future phylogenetic and evolutionary studies of Pandanaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Han Chin
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, Nilai, Malaysia
| | - Xue Jing Wong
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, Nilai, Malaysia
| | - Teek Foh Chong
- School of Health Management, INTI International University, Nilai, Malaysia
| | - Piemjit Muangkot
- One Health Research Unit, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand
| | - Aik Teng Heng
- School of Health Management, INTI International University, Nilai, Malaysia
| | - Tawatchai Tanee
- Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand
- One Health Research Unit, Mahasarakham University, Maha Sarakham, Thailand
| | - Shiou Yih Lee
- Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, INTI International University, Nilai, Malaysia
- Centre for Health, Well-being, and Environmental Sustainability, INTI International University, Nilai, Malaysia
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Wang LL, Li Y, Zheng SS, Kozlowski G, Xu J, Song YG. Complete Chloroplast Genomes of Four Oaks from the Section Cyclobalanopsis Improve the Phylogenetic Analysis and Understanding of Evolutionary Processes in the Genus Quercus. Genes (Basel) 2024; 15:230. [PMID: 38397219 PMCID: PMC10888318 DOI: 10.3390/genes15020230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Quercus is a valuable genus ecologically, economically, and culturally. They are keystone species in many ecosystems. Species delimitation and phylogenetic studies of this genus are difficult owing to frequent hybridization. With an increasing number of genetic resources, we will gain a deeper understanding of this genus. In the present study, we collected four Quercus section Cyclobalanopsis species (Q. poilanei, Q. helferiana, Q. camusiae, and Q. semiserrata) distributed in Southeast Asia and sequenced their complete genomes. Following analysis, we compared the results with those of other species in the genus Quercus. These four chloroplast genomes ranged from 160,784 bp (Q. poilanei) to 161,632 bp (Q. camusiae) in length, with an overall guanine and cytosine (GC) content of 36.9%. Their chloroplast genomic organization and order, as well as their GC content, were similar to those of other Quercus species. We identified seven regions with relatively high variability (rps16, ndhk, accD, ycf1, psbZ-trnG-GCC, rbcL-accD, and rpl32-trnL-UAG) which could potentially serve as plastid markers for further taxonomic and phylogenetic studies within Quercus. Our phylogenetic tree supported the idea that the genus Quercus forms two well-differentiated lineages (corresponding to the subgenera Quercus and Cerris). Of the three sections in the subgenus Cerris, the section Ilex was split into two clusters, each nested in the other two sections. Moreover, Q. camusiae and Q. semiserrata detected in this study diverged first in the section Cyclobalanopsis and mixed with Q. engleriana in the section Ilex. In particular, 11 protein coding genes (atpF, ndhA, ndhD, ndhF, ndhK, petB, petD, rbcL, rpl22, ycf1, and ycf3) were subjected to positive selection pressure. Overall, this study enriches the chloroplast genome resources of Quercus, which will facilitate further analyses of phylogenetic relationships in this ecologically important tree genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Ling Wang
- School of Ecological Technology and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China;
- Eastern China Conservation Centre for Wild Endangered Plant Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai 201602, China; (Y.L.); (S.-S.Z.); (G.K.)
| | - Yu Li
- Eastern China Conservation Centre for Wild Endangered Plant Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai 201602, China; (Y.L.); (S.-S.Z.); (G.K.)
| | - Si-Si Zheng
- Eastern China Conservation Centre for Wild Endangered Plant Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai 201602, China; (Y.L.); (S.-S.Z.); (G.K.)
| | - Gregor Kozlowski
- Eastern China Conservation Centre for Wild Endangered Plant Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai 201602, China; (Y.L.); (S.-S.Z.); (G.K.)
- Department of Biology and Botanic Garden, University of Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
- Natural History Museum Fribourg, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Jin Xu
- School of Ecological Technology and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China;
| | - Yi-Gang Song
- Eastern China Conservation Centre for Wild Endangered Plant Resources, Shanghai Chenshan Botanical Garden, Shanghai 201602, China; (Y.L.); (S.-S.Z.); (G.K.)
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Kim Y, Nam BM, Kim I, Deng T, Kim C. Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of Amsonia elliptica (Apocynaceae). MITOCHONDRIAL DNA PART B 2023; 8:461-465. [PMID: 37006955 PMCID: PMC10062215 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2023.2192834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Amsonia elliptica (Apocynaceae), endangered species in Korea, is a perennial herb that is economically important as traditional medicine and used as ornamentals. Natural populations of this species are facing extinction due to small population size and isolated distribution. Here, we report the complete chloroplast (cp) genome of A. elliptica using Illumina HiSeq sequencing and its phylogenetic position in subfamily Rauvolfioideae based on 20 Apocynaceae cp genomes. The cp genome of A. elliptica was 154,242 bp in length with a pair of inverted repeats of 25,711 bp, separated by large single-copy and small single-copy regions of 85,382 bp and 17,438 bp, respectively. Our phylogenomic analyses revealed that A. elliptica was closely related to Rhazya stricta in Rauvolfioideae (Apocynaceae).
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Tan F, Banerjee AK, Deng J, Feng H, Feng Y, Shu Y, Wang J. Characterization of the complete chloroplast genome of Firmiana hainanensis (Malvaceae), an endemic and vulnerable tree species of China. Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2023; 8:57-60. [PMID: 36620311 PMCID: PMC9817124 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2022.2160669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Firmiana hainanensis Kosterm. is a commercially valuable endemic tree species in China and has long been considered a globally vulnerable species. We assembled and characterized the complete chloroplast genome of this species by using Illumina pair-end sequencing data. The total chloroplast genome size was 161,559 bp, including two inverted repeats (IRs) of 25,612 bp, separated by a large single copy (LSC) and a small single copy (SSC) regions of 90,057 and 20,277 bp, respectively. A total of 130 genes were identified, including 85 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA, and eight rRNA genes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that F. hainanensis was the most basal species in the genus Firmiana. The chloroplast genome of this species will provide a theoretical basis to understand the taxa's evolution further and is expected to contribute to its conservation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxiao Tan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China,CONTACT Fengxiao Tan
| | | | - Jie Deng
- School of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Hui Feng
- School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yuanjiao Feng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Yinghua Shu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jianwu Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Eco-Circular Agriculture, College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, PR China,Jianwu Wang College of Natural Resources and Environment, South China Agricultural University, 480 Wushan Road, Guangzhou510642, PR China
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