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Wang Y, Chen SJ, Ma T, Long Q, Chen L, Xu KX, Cao Y. Promotion of apoptosis in melanoma cells by taxifolin through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway: Screening of natural products using WGCNA and CMAP platforms. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 138:112517. [PMID: 38924866 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2024.112517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Melanoma is a skin cancer originating from melanocytes. The global incidence rate of melanoma is rapidly increasing, posing significant public health challenges. Identifying effective therapeutic agents is crucial in addressing this growing problem. Natural products have demonstrated promising anti-tumor activity. In this study, a plant flavonoid, taxifolin, was screened using Weighted Correlation Network Analysis (WGCNA) in combination with the Connectivity Map (CMAP) platform. Taxifolin was confirmed to inhibit the proliferation, migration, and invasion ability of melanoma A375 and MV-3 cells by promoting apoptosis. Additionally, it suppressed the Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) process of melanoma cells. Cyber pharmacological analysis revealed that taxifolin exerts its inhibitory effect on melanoma through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, specifically by downregulating the protein expression of p-PI3K and p-AKT. Notably, the addition of SC-79, an activator of the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway, reversed the effects of taxifolin on cell migration and apoptosis. Furthermore, in vivo experiments demonstrated that taxifolin treatment slowed tumor growth in mice without significant toxic effects. Based on these findings, taxifolin holds promise as a potential drug for melanoma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Wang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, No.9 Beijing Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Shao-Jie Chen
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, No.9 Beijing Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, No.28 Gui Medical Street, Yunyan District, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Ting Ma
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, No.9 Beijing Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Qiu Long
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, No.9 Beijing Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Lan Chen
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, No.9 Beijing Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Ke-Xin Xu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, No.9 Beijing Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China
| | - Yu Cao
- School of Clinical Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, No.9 Beijing Road, Yunyan District, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China; Department of Dermatology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, No.28 Gui Medical Street, Yunyan District, Guiyang 550004, Guizhou, China.
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Nałęcz D, Świętek A, Hudy D, Wiczkowski K, Złotopolska Z, Strzelczyk JK. Assessment of Concentration KRT6 Proteins in Tumor and Matching Surgical Margin from Patients with Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7356. [PMID: 39000463 PMCID: PMC11242288 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCCs) are one of the most frequently detected cancers in the world; not all mechanisms related to the expression of keratin in this type of cancer are known. The aim of this study was to evaluate type II cytokeratins (KRT): KRT6A, KRT6B, and KRT6C protein concentrations in 54 tumor and margin samples of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Moreover, we examined a possible association between protein concentration and the clinical and demographic variables. Protein concentrations were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Significantly higher KRT6A protein concentration was found in HNSCC samples compared to surgical margins. An inverse relationship was observed for KRT6B and KRT6C proteins. We showed an association between the KRT6C protein level and clinical parameters T and N in tumor and margin samples. When analyzing the effect of smoking and drinking on KRT6A, KRT6B, and KRT6C levels, we demonstrated a statistically significant difference between regular or occasional tobacco and alcohol habits and patients who do not have any tobacco and alcohol habits in tumor and margin samples. Moreover, we found an association between KRT6B and KRT6C concentration and proliferative index Ki-67 and HPV status in tumor samples. Our results showed that concentrations of KRT6s were different in the tumor and the margin samples and varied in relation to clinical and demographic parameters. We add information to the current knowledge about the role of KRT6s isoforms in HNSCC. We speculate that variations in the studied isoforms of the KRT6 protein could be due to the presence and development of the tumor and its microenvironment. It is important to note that the analyses were performed in tumor and surgical margins and can provide more accurate information on the function in normal and cancer cells and regulation in response to various factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Nałęcz
- Department of Otolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, St. Vincent De Paul Hospital, 1 Wójta Radtkego St., 81-348 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Agata Świętek
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 19 Jordana St., 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
- Silesia LabMed Research and Implementation Centre, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 19 Jordana St., 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Dorota Hudy
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 19 Jordana St., 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Karol Wiczkowski
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 19 Jordana St., 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
- Students' Scientific Association, Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, 19 Jordana St., 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Zofia Złotopolska
- Department of Otolaryngology and Maxillofacial Surgery, St. Vincent De Paul Hospital, 1 Wójta Radtkego St., 81-348 Gdynia, Poland
| | - Joanna Katarzyna Strzelczyk
- Department of Medical and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, 19 Jordana St., 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
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Song L, Yang Y, Tian X. Current knowledge about immunotherapy resistance for melanoma and potential predictive and prognostic biomarkers. CANCER DRUG RESISTANCE (ALHAMBRA, CALIF.) 2024; 7:17. [PMID: 38835341 PMCID: PMC11149101 DOI: 10.20517/cdr.2023.150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Melanoma still reaches thousands of new diagnoses per year, and its aggressiveness makes recovery challenging, especially for those with stage III/IV unresectable melanoma. Immunotherapy, emerging as a beacon of hope, stands at the forefront of treatments for advanced melanoma. This review delves into the various immunotherapeutic strategies, prominently featuring cytokine immunotherapy, adoptive cell therapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, and vaccinations. Among these, immune checkpoint inhibitors, notably anti-programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) antibodies, emerge as the leading strategy. However, a significant subset of melanoma patients remains unresponsive to these inhibitors, underscoring the need for potent biomarkers. Efficient biomarkers have the potential to revolutionize the therapeutic landscape by facilitating the design of personalized treatments for patients with melanoma. This comprehensive review highlights the latest advancements in melanoma immunotherapy and potential biomarkers at the epicenter of recent research endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanni Song
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory for Applied Biomedical and Bio-pharmaceutical Informatics, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou 325060, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Bioinformatics International Science and Technology Cooperation Center, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou 325060, Zhejiang, China
- College of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou 325060, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yixin Yang
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory for Applied Biomedical and Bio-pharmaceutical Informatics, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou 325060, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Bioinformatics International Science and Technology Cooperation Center, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou 325060, Zhejiang, China
- College of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou 325060, Zhejiang, China
- Dorothy and George Hennings College of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Kean University, Union, NJ 07083, USA
| | - Xuechen Tian
- Wenzhou Municipal Key Laboratory for Applied Biomedical and Bio-pharmaceutical Informatics, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou 325060, Zhejiang, China
- Zhejiang Bioinformatics International Science and Technology Cooperation Center, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou 325060, Zhejiang, China
- College of Science, Mathematics and Technology, Wenzhou-Kean University, Wenzhou 325060, Zhejiang, China
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Roccuzzo G, Bongiovanni E, Tonella L, Pala V, Marchisio S, Ricci A, Senetta R, Bertero L, Ribero S, Berrino E, Marchiò C, Sapino A, Quaglino P, Cassoni P. Emerging prognostic biomarkers in advanced cutaneous melanoma: a literature update. Expert Rev Mol Diagn 2024; 24:49-66. [PMID: 38334382 DOI: 10.1080/14737159.2024.2314574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Over the past two years, the scientific community has witnessed an exponential growth in research focused on identifying prognostic biomarkers for melanoma, both in pre-clinical and clinical settings. This surge in studies reflects the need of developing effective prognostic indicators in the field of melanoma. AREAS COVERED The aim of this work is to review the scientific literature on the most recent findings on the development or validation of prognostic biomarkers in melanoma, in the attempt of providing both clinicians and researchers with an updated broad synopsis of prognostic biomarkers in cutaneous melanoma. EXPERT OPINION While the field of prognostic biomarkers in melanoma appears promising, there are several complexities and limitations to address. The interdependence of clinical, histological, and molecular features requires accurate classification of different biomarker families. Correlation does not imply causation, and adjustments for confounding factors are often overlooked. In this scenario, large-scale studies based on high-quality clinical trial data can provide more reliable evidence. It is essential to avoid oversimplification by focusing on a single biomarker, as the interactions among multiple factors contribute to define the disease course and patient's outcome. Furthermore, implementing well-supported evidence in real-life settings can help advance prognostic biomarker research in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Roccuzzo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Eleonora Bongiovanni
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Luca Tonella
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Valentina Pala
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Sara Marchisio
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Alessia Ricci
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Rebecca Senetta
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Luca Bertero
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Simone Ribero
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Enrico Berrino
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Caterina Marchiò
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Anna Sapino
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, Candiolo, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Pietro Quaglino
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Paola Cassoni
- Pathology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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Zhang L, Deng Y, Yang J, Deng W, Li L. Neurotransmitter receptor-related gene signature as potential prognostic and therapeutic biomarkers in colorectal cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1202193. [PMID: 38099288 PMCID: PMC10720326 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1202193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Colorectal cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide. A various of neurotransmitter receptors have been found to be expressed in tumor cells, and the activation of these receptors may promote tumor growth and metastasis. This study aimed to construct a novel neurotransmitter receptor-related genes signature to predict the survival, immune microenvironment, and treatment response of colorectal cancer patients. Methods: RNA-seq and clinical data of colorectal cancer from The Cancer Genome Atlas database and Gene Expression Omnibus were downloaded. Neurotransmitter receptor-related gene were collected from publicly available data sources. The Weighted Gene Coexpression Network Analysis (WGCNA), Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) logistic regression, Support Vector Machine-Recursive Feature Elimination (SVM-RFE), and Random Forest (RF) algorithms were employed to construct the Neurotransmitter receptor-related gene prognostic signature. Further analyses, functional enrichment, CIBERSORTx, The Tumor Immune Single Cell Center (TISCH), survival analysis, and CellMiner, were performed to analyze immune status and treatment responses. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assays were carried out to confirm the expression levels of prognostic genes. Results: By combining machine learning algorithm and WGCNA, we identified CHRNA3, GABRD, GRIK3, and GRIK5 as Neurotransmitter receptor-related prognostic genes signature. Functional enrichment analyses showed that these genes were enriched with cellular metabolic-related pathways, such as organic acid, inorganic acid, and lipid metabolism. CIBERSORTx and Single cell analysis showed that the high expression of genes were positively correlated with immunosuppressive cells infiltration, and the genes were mainly expressed in cancer-associated fibroblasts and endothelial cells. A nomogram was further built to predict overall survival (OS). The expression of CHRNA3, GABRD, GRIK3, and GRIK5 in cancer cells significantly impacted their response to chemotherapy. Conclusion: A neurotransmitter receptor-related prognostic gene signature was developed and validated in the current study, giving novel sights of neurotransmitter in predicting the prognostic and improving the treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linjie Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yizhang Deng
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingbang Yang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wuguo Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Liren Li
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Lozar T, Wang W, Gavrielatou N, Christensen L, Lambert PF, Harari PM, Rimm DL, Burtness B, Grasic Kuhar C, Carchman EH. Emerging Prognostic and Predictive Significance of Stress Keratin 17 in HPV-Associated and Non HPV-Associated Human Cancers: A Scoping Review. Viruses 2023; 15:2320. [PMID: 38140561 PMCID: PMC10748233 DOI: 10.3390/v15122320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A growing body of literature suggests that the expression of cytokeratin 17 (K17) correlates with inferior clinical outcomes across various cancer types. In this scoping review, we aimed to review and map the available clinical evidence of the prognostic and predictive value of K17 in human cancers. PubMed, Web of Science, Embase (via Scopus), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Google Scholar were searched for studies of K17 expression in human cancers. Eligible studies were peer-reviewed, published in English, presented original data, and directly evaluated the association between K17 and clinical outcomes in human cancers. Of the 1705 studies identified in our search, 58 studies met criteria for inclusion. Studies assessed the prognostic significance (n = 54), predictive significance (n = 2), or both the prognostic and predictive significance (n = 2). Altogether, 11 studies (19.0%) investigated the clinical relevance of K17 in cancers with a known etiologic association to HPV; of those, 8 (13.8%) were focused on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), and 3 (5.1%) were focused on cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). To date, HNSCC, as well as triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and pancreatic cancer, were the most frequently studied cancer types. K17 had prognostic significance in 16/17 investigated cancer types and 43/56 studies. Our analysis suggests that K17 is a negative prognostic factor in the majority of studied cancer types, including HPV-associated types such as HNSCC and cervical cancer (13/17), and a positive prognostic factor in 2/17 studied cancer types (urothelial carcinoma of the upper urinary tract and breast cancer). In three out of four predictive studies, K17 was a negative predictive factor for chemotherapy and immune checkpoint blockade therapy response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taja Lozar
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (T.L.)
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Wei Wang
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (T.L.)
| | - Niki Gavrielatou
- Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Leslie Christensen
- Ebling Library, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA;
| | - Paul F. Lambert
- McArdle Laboratory for Cancer Research, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (T.L.)
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Paul M. Harari
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - David L. Rimm
- Department of Pathology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Barbara Burtness
- Department of Medicine and Yale Cancer Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Cvetka Grasic Kuhar
- University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Institute of Oncology Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Evie H. Carchman
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, 2500 Overlook Terrace, Madison, WI 53705, USA
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Adeuyan O, Gordon ER, Kenchappa D, Bracero Y, Singh A, Espinoza G, Geskin LJ, Saenger YM. An update on methods for detection of prognostic and predictive biomarkers in melanoma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1290696. [PMID: 37900283 PMCID: PMC10611507 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1290696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The approval of immunotherapy for stage II-IV melanoma has underscored the need for improved immune-based predictive and prognostic biomarkers. For resectable stage II-III patients, adjuvant immunotherapy has proven clinical benefit, yet many patients experience significant adverse events and may not require therapy. In the metastatic setting, single agent immunotherapy cures many patients but, in some cases, more intensive combination therapies against specific molecular targets are required. Therefore, the establishment of additional biomarkers to determine a patient's disease outcome (i.e., prognostic) or response to treatment (i.e., predictive) is of utmost importance. Multiple methods ranging from gene expression profiling of bulk tissue, to spatial transcriptomics of single cells and artificial intelligence-based image analysis have been utilized to better characterize the immune microenvironment in melanoma to provide novel predictive and prognostic biomarkers. In this review, we will highlight the different techniques currently under investigation for the detection of prognostic and predictive immune biomarkers in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwaseyi Adeuyan
- Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States
| | - Emily R. Gordon
- Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, United States
| | - Divya Kenchappa
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Yadriel Bracero
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - Ajay Singh
- Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | | | - Larisa J. Geskin
- Department of Dermatology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, United States
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