1
|
Nelson CH, Pandey UB. Function and dysfunction of GEMIN5: understanding a novel neurodevelopmental disorder. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2377-2386. [PMID: 38526274 PMCID: PMC11090446 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The recent identification of a neurodevelopmental disorder with cerebellar atrophy and motor dysfunction (NEDCAM) has resulted in an increased interest in GEMIN5, a multifunction RNA-binding protein. As the largest member of the survival motor neuron complex, GEMIN5 plays a key role in the biogenesis of small nuclear ribonucleoproteins while also exhibiting translational regulatory functions as an independent protein. Although many questions remain regarding both the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of this new disorder, considerable progress has been made in the brief time since its discovery. In this review, we examine GEMIN5 within the context of NEDCAM, focusing on the structure, function, and expression of the protein specifically in regard to the disorder itself. Additionally, we explore the current animal models of NEDCAM, as well as potential molecular pathways for treatment and future directions of study. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in our understanding of this unique member of the survival motor neuron complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles H. Nelson
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Udai B. Pandey
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Child Neurology, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Children’s Neuroscience Institute, Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Francisco-Velilla R, Abellan S, Embarc-Buh A, Martinez-Salas E. Oligomerization regulates the interaction of Gemin5 with members of the SMN complex and the translation machinery. Cell Death Discov 2024; 10:306. [PMID: 38942768 PMCID: PMC11213948 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-024-02057-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/30/2024] Open
Abstract
RNA-binding proteins are multifunctional molecules impacting on multiple steps of gene regulation. Gemin5 was initially identified as a member of the survival of motor neurons (SMN) complex. The protein is organized in structural and functional domains, including a WD40 repeats domain at the N-terminal region, a tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) dimerization module at the central region, and a non-canonical RNA-binding site at the C-terminal end. The TPR module allows the recruitment of the endogenous Gemin5 protein in living cells and the assembly of a dimer in vitro. However, the biological relevance of Gemin5 oligomerization is not known. Here we interrogated the Gemin5 interactome focusing on oligomerization-dependent or independent regions. We show that the interactors associated with oligomerization-proficient domains were primarily annotated to ribosome, splicing, translation regulation, SMN complex, and RNA stability. The presence of distinct Gemin5 protein regions in polysomes highlighted differences in translation regulation based on their oligomerization capacity. Furthermore, the association with native ribosomes and negative regulation of translation was strictly dependent on both the WD40 repeats domain and the TPR dimerization moiety, while binding with the majority of the interacting proteins, including SMN, Gemin2, and Gemin4, was determined by the dimerization module. The loss of oligomerization did not perturb the predominant cytoplasmic localization of Gemin5, reinforcing the cytoplasmic functions of this essential protein. Our work highlights a distinctive role of the Gemin5 domains for its functions in the interaction with members of the SMN complex, ribosome association, and RBP interactome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Salvador Abellan
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Azman Embarc-Buh
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhang J, Liu X, Zhu G, Wan L, Liang Y, Li N, Huang M, Yang G. Expanding the clinical phenotype and genetic spectrum of GEMIN5 disorders: Early-infantile developmental and epileptic encephalopathies. Brain Behav 2024; 14:e3535. [PMID: 38773790 PMCID: PMC11109505 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several biallelic truncating and missense variants of the gem nuclear organelle-associated protein 5 (GEMIN5) gene have been reported to cause neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by cerebellar atrophy, intellectual disability, and motor dysfunction. However, the association between biallelic GEMIN5 variants and early-infantile developmental and epileptic encephalopathies (EIDEEs) has not been reported. PURPOSE This study aimed to expand the phenotypic spectrum of GEMIN5 and explore the correlations between epilepsy and molecular sub-regional locations. METHODS We performed whole-exome sequencing in two patients with EIDEE with unexplained etiologies. The damaging effects of variants were predicted using multiple in silico tools and modeling. All reported patients with GEMIN5 pathogenic variants and detailed neurological phenotypes were analyzed to evaluate the genotype-phenotype relationship. RESULTS Novel biallelic GEMIN5 variants were identified in two unrelated female patients with EIDEE, including a frameshift variant (Hg19, chr5:154284147-154284148delCT: NM_015465: c.2551_c.2552delCT: p.(Leu851fs*30)), a nonsense mutation (Hg19, chr5:154299603-154299603delTinsAGA: NM_015465: c.1523delTinsAGA: p.(Leu508*)), and two missense variants (Hg19, chr5:154282663T > A: NM_015465: c.2705T > A: p.(Leu902Gln) and Hg19, chr5:154281002C > G: NM_015465: c.2911C > G: p.(Gln971Glu)), which were inherited from asymptomatic parents and predicted to be damaging or probably damaging using in silico tools. Except p.Leu508*, all these mutations are located in tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domain. Our two female patients presented with seizures less than 1 month after birth, followed by clusters of spasms. Brain magnetic resonance imaging suggests dysgenesis of the corpus callosum and cerebellar hypoplasia. Video electroencephalogram showed suppression-bursts. Through a literature review, we found 5 published papers reporting 48 patients with biallelic variants in GEMIN5. Eight of 48 patients have epilepsy, and 5 patients started before 1 year old, which reminds us of the relevance between GEMIN5 variants and EIDEE. Further analysis of the 49 GEMIN5 variants in those 50 patients demonstrated that variants in TPR-like domain or RBS domain were more likely to be associated with epilepsy. CONCLUSIONS We found novel biallelic variants of GEMIN5 in two individuals with EIDEE and expanded the clinical phenotypes of GEMIN5 variants. It is suggested that the GEMIN5 gene should be added to the EIDEE gene panel to aid in the clinical diagnosis of EIDEE and to help determine patient prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Senior Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation ArmyBeijingChina
| | - Xinting Liu
- Senior Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation ArmyBeijingChina
| | - Gang Zhu
- Senior Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation ArmyBeijingChina
| | - Lin Wan
- Senior Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation ArmyBeijingChina
| | - Yan Liang
- Senior Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation ArmyBeijingChina
| | - Nannan Li
- Aegicare (Shenzhen) Technology Co., LtdShenzhenChina
| | - Mingwei Huang
- Aegicare (Shenzhen) Technology Co., LtdShenzhenChina
| | - Guang Yang
- Senior Department of Pediatrics, The Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation ArmyBeijingChina
- The Second School of Clinical MedicineSouthern Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cascajo-Almenara MV, Juliá-Palacios N, Urreizti R, Sánchez-Cuesta A, Fernández-Ayala DM, García-Díaz E, Oliva C, O Callaghan MDM, Paredes-Fuentes AJ, Moreno-Lozano PJ, Muchart J, Nascimento A, Ortez CI, Natera-de Benito D, Pineda M, Rivera N, Fortuna TR, Rajan DS, Navas P, Salviati L, Palau F, Yubero D, García-Cazorla A, Pandey UB, Santos-Ocaña C, Artuch R. Mutations of GEMIN5 are associated with coenzyme Q 10 deficiency: long-term follow-up after treatment. Eur J Hum Genet 2024; 32:426-434. [PMID: 38316953 PMCID: PMC10999423 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-023-01526-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
GEMIN5 exerts key biological functions regulating pre-mRNAs intron removal to generate mature mRNAs. A series of patients were reported harboring mutations in GEMIN5. No treatments are currently available for this disease. We treated two of these patients with oral Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), which resulted in neurological improvements, although MRI abnormalities remained. Whole Exome Sequencing demonstrated compound heterozygosity at the GEMIN5 gene in both cases: Case one: p.Lys742* and p.Arg1016Cys; Case two: p.Arg1016Cys and p.Ser411Hisfs*6. Functional studies in fibroblasts revealed a decrease in CoQ10 biosynthesis compared to controls. Supplementation with exogenous CoQ10 restored it to control intracellular CoQ10 levels. Mitochondrial function was compromised, as indicated by the decrease in oxygen consumption, restored by CoQ10 supplementation. Transcriptomic analysis of GEMIN5 patients compared with controls showed general repression of genes involved in CoQ10 biosynthesis. In the rigor mortis defective flies, CoQ10 levels were decreased, and CoQ10 supplementation led to an improvement in the adult climbing assay performance, a reduction in the number of motionless flies, and partial restoration of survival. Overall, we report the association between GEMIN5 dysfunction and CoQ10 deficiency for the first time. This association opens the possibility of oral CoQ10 therapy, which is safe and has no observed side effects after long-term therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marivi V Cascajo-Almenara
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Natalia Juliá-Palacios
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu. Clinical Biochemistry, Paediatric Neurology, Radiology and Genetics Departments, 08950, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roser Urreizti
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu. Clinical Biochemistry, Paediatric Neurology, Radiology and Genetics Departments, 08950, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Sánchez-Cuesta
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel M Fernández-Ayala
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena García-Díaz
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Clara Oliva
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu. Clinical Biochemistry, Paediatric Neurology, Radiology and Genetics Departments, 08950, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Del Mar O Callaghan
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu. Clinical Biochemistry, Paediatric Neurology, Radiology and Genetics Departments, 08950, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Abraham J Paredes-Fuentes
- Division of Inborn Errors of Metabolism-IBC, Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics Department, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pedro J Moreno-Lozano
- Internal Medicine Department, Clinic Hospital and University of Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Muchart
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu. Clinical Biochemistry, Paediatric Neurology, Radiology and Genetics Departments, 08950, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andres Nascimento
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu. Clinical Biochemistry, Paediatric Neurology, Radiology and Genetics Departments, 08950, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos I Ortez
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu. Clinical Biochemistry, Paediatric Neurology, Radiology and Genetics Departments, 08950, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Natera-de Benito
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu. Clinical Biochemistry, Paediatric Neurology, Radiology and Genetics Departments, 08950, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercedes Pineda
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu. Clinical Biochemistry, Paediatric Neurology, Radiology and Genetics Departments, 08950, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Noelia Rivera
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu. Clinical Biochemistry, Paediatric Neurology, Radiology and Genetics Departments, 08950, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tyler R Fortuna
- Department of Pediatrics, Childrens Hospital of Pittsburgh and Children's Neuroscience Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, 15224, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Deepa S Rajan
- Department of Pediatrics, Childrens Hospital of Pittsburgh and Children's Neuroscience Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, 15224, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Plácido Navas
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Leonardo Salviati
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Women and Children's Health, Padua University, 35128, Padua, Italy
| | - Francesc Palau
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu. Clinical Biochemistry, Paediatric Neurology, Radiology and Genetics Departments, 08950, Barcelona, Spain
- Division of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Delia Yubero
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu. Clinical Biochemistry, Paediatric Neurology, Radiology and Genetics Departments, 08950, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Angels García-Cazorla
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu. Clinical Biochemistry, Paediatric Neurology, Radiology and Genetics Departments, 08950, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Udai Bhan Pandey
- Department of Pediatrics, Childrens Hospital of Pittsburgh and Children's Neuroscience Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center and Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, 15224, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Carlos Santos-Ocaña
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
- Centro Andaluz de Biología del Desarrollo, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, 41013, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Rafael Artuch
- Centre for Biomedical Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029, Madrid, Spain.
- Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu. Clinical Biochemistry, Paediatric Neurology, Radiology and Genetics Departments, 08950, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|