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Pereira CM, da Silva NMP, Barreto RW. Novel powdery mildew of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) caused by Phyllactinia gossypina sp. nov. in Brazil. Braz J Microbiol 2024:10.1007/s42770-024-01423-w. [PMID: 38951477 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01423-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum, Malvaceae) is the most important fiber crop in the world. There are published records of many fungal pathogens attacking Gossypium spp., causing numerous diseases, including powdery mildews. Recently, in 2022, non-cultivated spontaneous G. hirsutum plants bearing powdery mildews symptoms were found at roadsides in two municipalities of the state of Minas Gerais (Brazil): Varginha and Ubá. Such localities are situated ca. 260 km apart, suggesting a broader distribution of this fungus-host association in Brazil. Samples were taken to the laboratory, and an Ovulariopsis-like, asexual stage of Phyllactinia, was identified forming amphigenous colonies, that were more evident, white and cottony, abaxially. Morphological and molecular data- of the ITS and LSU regions- have shown that colonies from those two samples were of the same fungus species, belonging to a previously unknown species of Erysiphaceae (Ascomycota). The fungus fits into the Phyllactinia clade and is described herein as the new species Phyllactinia gossypina sp. nov. This new species belongs to the 'basal Phyllactinia group', a lineage that includes species known only from the Americas. This report expands the list of pathogenic fungi on cotton. It is early to anticipate whether this new powdery mildew represents a threat to cultivated cotton, which is a major crop in Brazil. Nevertheless, further studies about its infectivity to commercial cotton varieties are recommended, since all known Erysiphaceae are specialized obligate plant parasites and several species cause major losses to important crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio Mattos Pereira
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil
| | | | - Robert Weingart Barreto
- Departamento de Fitopatologia, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais, 36570-900, Brazil.
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Ijaz A, Anwar Z, Ali A, Ditta A, Shani MY, Haidar S, Wang B, Fang L, Khan SMUD, Khan MKR. Unraveling the genetic and molecular basis of heat stress in cotton. Front Genet 2024; 15:1296622. [PMID: 38919956 PMCID: PMC11196824 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1296622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Human activities and climate change have resulted in frequent and intense weather fluctuations, leading to diverse abiotic stresses on crops which hampers greatly their metabolic activities. Heat stress, a prevalent abiotic factor, significantly influences cotton plant biological activities resulting in reducing yield and production. We must deepen our understanding of how plants respond to heat stress across various dimensions, encompassing genes, RNAs, proteins, metabolites for effective cotton breeding. Multi-omics methods, primarily genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and phenomics, proves instrumental in studying cotton's responses to abiotic stresses. Integrating genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomic is imperative for our better understanding regarding genetics and molecular basis of heat tolerance in cotton. The current review explores fundamental omics techniques, covering genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, to highlight the progress made in cotton omics research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aqsa Ijaz
- Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology College (NIAB-C), Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Zunaira Anwar
- Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology College (NIAB-C), Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Ali
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Allah Ditta
- Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology College (NIAB-C), Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad, Pakistan
- Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Yousaf Shani
- Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology College (NIAB-C), Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sajjad Haidar
- Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology College (NIAB-C), Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad, Pakistan
- Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Boahua Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Liu Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Cotton Biology, Institute of Cotton Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Anyang, China
| | | | - Muhammad Kashif Riaz Khan
- Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology College (NIAB-C), Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Islamabad, Pakistan
- Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Gu H, Pan Z, Jia M, Fang H, Li J, Qi Y, Yang Y, Feng W, Gao X, Ditta A, Khan MKR, Wang W, Cao Y, Wang B. Genome-wide identification and analysis of the cotton ALDH gene family. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:513. [PMID: 38789947 PMCID: PMC11127303 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10388-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aldehyde dehydrogenases (ALDHs) are a family of enzymes that catalyze the oxidation of aldehyde molecules into the corresponding carboxylic acid, regulate the balance of aldehydes and protect plants from the poisoning caused by excessive accumulation of aldehydes; however, this gene family has rarely been studied in cotton. RESULTS In the present study, genome-wide identification was performed, and a total of 114 ALDH family members were found in three cotton species, Gossypium hirsutum, Gossypium arboreum and Gossypium raimondii. The ALDH genes were divided into six subgroups by evolutionary analysis. ALDH genes in the same subgroup showed similar gene structures and conserved motifs, but some genes showed significant differences, which may result in functional differences. Chromosomal location analysis and selective pressure analysis revealed that the ALDH gene family had experienced many fragment duplication events. Cis-acting element analysis revealed that this gene family may be involved in the response to various biotic and abiotic stresses. The RT‒qPCR results showed that the expression levels of some members of this gene family were significantly increased under salt stress conditions. Gohir.A11G040800 and Gohir.D06G046200 were subjected to virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) experiments, and the sensitivity of the silenced plants to salt stress was significantly greater than that of the negative control plants, suggesting that Gohir.A11G040800 and Gohir.D06G046200 may be involved in the response of cotton to salt stress. CONCLUSIONS In total, 114 ALDH genes were identified in three Gossypium species by a series of bioinformatics analysis. Gene silencing of the ALDH genes of G. hirsutum revealed that ALDH plays an important role in the response of cotton to salt stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haijing Gu
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, China
| | - Zongjin Pan
- Jiangsu Coastal Area Institute of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224002, China
| | - Mengxue Jia
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, China
| | - Hui Fang
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, China
| | - Junyi Li
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, China
| | - Yingxiao Qi
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, China
| | - Yixuan Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, China
- Nantong Middle School, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226001, China
| | - Wenxiang Feng
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, China
| | - Xin Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, China
| | - Allah Ditta
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad K R Khan
- Plant Breeding and Genetics Division, Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Wei Wang
- Jiangsu Coastal Area Institute of Agricultural Sciences/Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Yancheng, Jiangsu, 224002, China.
| | - Yunying Cao
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, China.
| | - Baohua Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, 226019, China.
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Guo X, Peng W, Xu X, Xie K, Yang X. The Potential of Endophytes in Improving Salt-Alkali Tolerance and Salinity Resistance in Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16917. [PMID: 38069239 PMCID: PMC10706814 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ensuring food security for the global population is a ceaseless and critical issue. However, high-salinity and high-alkalinity levels can harm agricultural yields throughout large areas, even in largely agricultural countries, such as China. Various physical and chemical treatments have been employed in different locations to mitigate high salinity and alkalinity but their effects have been minimal. Numerous researchers have recently focused on developing effective and environmentally friendly biological treatments. Endophytes, which are naturally occurring and abundant in plants, retain many of the same characteristics of plants owing to their simultaneous evolution. Therefore, extraction of endophytes from salt-tolerant plants for managing plant growth in saline-alkali soils has become an important research topic. This extraction indicates that the soil environment can be fundamentally improved, and the signaling pathways of plants can be altered to increase their defense capacity, and can even be inherited to ensure lasting efficacy. This study discusses the direct and indirect means by which plant endophytes mitigate the effects of plant salinity stress that have been observed in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Guo
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; (X.G.); (W.P.); (X.X.); (K.X.)
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Wanrong Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; (X.G.); (W.P.); (X.X.); (K.X.)
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Xinyi Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; (X.G.); (W.P.); (X.X.); (K.X.)
| | - Kangwei Xie
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; (X.G.); (W.P.); (X.X.); (K.X.)
| | - Xingyong Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China; (X.G.); (W.P.); (X.X.); (K.X.)
- Antibiotics Research and Re-Evaluation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu University, Chengdu 610106, China
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