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Hilário S, Gonçalves MFM, Matos I, Rangel LF, Sousa JA, Santos MJ, Ayra-Pardo C. Comparative genomics reveals insights into the potential of Lysinibacillus irui as a plant growth promoter. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:370. [PMID: 38861018 PMCID: PMC11166776 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13210-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
Members of the genus Lysinibacillus attract attention for their mosquitocidal, bioremediation, and plant growth-promoting abilities. Despite this interest, comprehensive studies focusing on genomic traits governing plant growth and stress resilience in this genus using whole-genome sequencing are still scarce. Therefore, we sequenced and compared the genomes of three endophytic Lysinibacillus irui strains isolated from Canary Island date palms with the ex-type strain IRB4-01. Overall, the genomes of these strains consist of a circular chromosome with an average size of 4.6 Mb and a GC content of 37.2%. Comparative analysis identified conserved gene clusters within the core genome involved in iron acquisition, phosphate solubilization, indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis, and volatile compounds. In addition, genome analysis revealed the presence of genes encoding carbohydrate-active enzymes, and proteins that confer resistance to oxidative, osmotic, and salinity stresses. Furthermore, pathways of putative novel bacteriocins were identified in all genomes. This illustrates possible common plant growth-promoting traits shared among all strains of L. irui. Our findings highlight a rich repertoire of genes associated with plant lifestyles, suggesting significant potential for developing inoculants to enhance plant growth and resilience. This study is the first to provide insights into the overall genomic signatures and mechanisms of plant growth promotion and biocontrol in the genus Lysinibacillus. KEY POINTS: • Pioneer study in elucidating plant growth promoting in L. irui through comparative genomics. • Genome mining identified biosynthetic pathways of putative novel bacteriocins. • Future research directions to develop L. irui-based biofertilizers for sustainable agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Hilário
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, CIIMAR, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Porto, Portugal.
- GreenUPorto, Sustainable Agrifood Production Research Centre/Inov4Agro, DGAOT, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Campus de Vairão, 747, 4485-646, Vila do Conde, Portugal.
| | - Micael F M Gonçalves
- Department of Biology, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Inês Matos
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, CIIMAR, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luis F Rangel
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, CIIMAR, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Porto, Portugal
| | - José A Sousa
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, CIIMAR, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Porto, Portugal
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, FC4, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria J Santos
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, CIIMAR, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Porto, Portugal
- Biology Department, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, FC4, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal
| | - Camilo Ayra-Pardo
- Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, CIIMAR, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Av. General Norton de Matos s/n, 4450-208, Porto, Portugal.
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Cai L, Huang X, Feng H, Fan G, Sun X. Composite g-C 3 N 4 @ZnO NP electrostatic self-assembly: enhanced ROS as a key factor for high-efficiency control of tobacco wildfire disease. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:5140-5151. [PMID: 37609876 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The utilization of non-metallic inorganic nanomaterials for antimicrobial photocatalytic technology has emerged as a promising approach to combat drug-resistant bacteria. Recently, g-C3 N4 nanosheets have attracted significant attention due to their exceptional stability, degradability, low cost, and remarkable antibacterial properties. In this study, a facile electrostatic self-assembly approach was utilized to functionalize ZnO nanoparticles with g-C3 N4 nanosheets, resulting in the formation of g-C3 N4 @ZnO nanoparticle composites. RESULTS The Z-shaped heterojunction architecture of these composites facilitates efficient separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs and enhances visible light catalytic performance. Moreover, the formation of the g-C3 N4 @ZnO heterostructure showed a higher photocatalytic capacity and the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) than g-C3 N4 nanosheets. The photocatalytic antibacterial mechanisms of g-C3 N4 @ZnO at the transcriptomic level primarily involve disrupting bacterial membrane synthesis and inhibiting motility and energy metabolism. Therefore, the antibacterial mechanism of g-C3 N4 @ZnO can be attributed to a combination of physical membrane damage, chemical damage (ROS enhancement) and inhibition of chemotaxis, biofilm formation and flagellar motility. CONCLUSION These findings collectively provide novel high potential and insights into the practical application of photocatalysts in plant disease management. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cai
- College of Tobacco Science of Guizhou University, Guizhou Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality, Guiyang, China
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xunliang Huang
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals of Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hui Feng
- College of Tobacco Science of Guizhou University, Guizhou Key Laboratory for Tobacco Quality, Guiyang, China
| | - Guangjin Fan
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xianchao Sun
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Ma X, Zhu X, Qu S, Cai L, Ma G, Fan G, Sun X. Fabrication of copper nanoparticle composite nanogel for high-efficiency management of Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci on tobacco. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:2074-2085. [PMID: 35142039 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) can release copper ions (Cu2+ ) to control bacterial diseases on crops. However, the high concentration of the CuNPs applied in disease controlling can highly limit their application. In this work, by in situ reducing CuNPs in alginate nanogels and coated with cetyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (CTAC), a CuNP composite nanogel was fabricated as a new nanopesticide with low copper content. RESULTS Data showed that the CTAC coating would affect the antibacterial activity and leaf surface adhesion of the nanogel, while CuNP content could also influence the membrane damage ability of the gel. The nanogel could depress the growth of bacteria by rupturing its membrane and show a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) as low as 500 μg mL-1 , which only contain 58 μg mL-1 CuNP, and achieve a 64% of therapeutic efficiency (with 1000 μg mL-1 nanogel) in in vivo experiments, higher than that of commercial bactericide thiodiazole copper. Furthermore, the application of the nanogel can also perform a growth-promoting effect on the plant, which may be due to the supplement of copper element provided by CuNP. CONCLUSION The CuNP composite nanogel fabricated in this work performed high leaf disease controllability and safety compared to the commercial bactericide thiodiazole copper. We hope this nanogel can provide a potential high-efficiency nano-bactericide that can be used in the leaf bacterial disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaozhou Ma
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountainous Regions, Ministry of Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Xin Zhu
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Saijiao Qu
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lin Cai
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guanhua Ma
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guangjin Fan
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xianchao Sun
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Cai L, Jia H, He L, Wei X, Feng H, Fan G, Ma X, Ma G, Sun X. The photocatalytic antibacterial molecular mechanisms towards Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci by g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets: insights from the cytomembrane, biofilm and motility disruption. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2021; 77:2302-2314. [PMID: 33423380 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibacterial photocatalytic therapy has been employed as a promising strategy to combat antibiotic-resistant bacteria in the water disinfection field, especially some non-metal inorganic nanomaterials. However, their antibacterial activities on plant phytopathogens are poorly understood. Here, the photocatalytic antibacterial mechanism of the urea-synthesized graphitic carbon nitride nanosheets (g-C3 N4 nanosheets) against Pseudomonas syringae pv. tabaci was systematically investigated in vitro and in vivo. RESULTS The g-C3 N4 nanosheets exhibited remarkable concentration-dependent and irradiation-time-dependent antibacterial properties, and the 0.5 mg mL-1 concentration ameliorated tobacco wildfire disease in host plants. Specifically, under visible irradiation, g-C3 N4 nanosheets produced numerous reactive oxygen species (ROS), supplementing the plentiful extracellular and intracellular ROS in bacteria. After exposing light-induced g-C3 N4 nanosheets for 1 h, 500 genes were differentially expressed, according to transcriptome analyses. Notably, the expression of genes related 'antioxidant activity' and 'membrane transport' was sharply upregulated, and those related to 'bacterial chemotaxis', 'biofilm formation', 'energy metabolism' and 'cell motility' were downregulated. After exposure for over 2 h, the longer-time pressure on the target bacteria cause the decreased biofilm formation and flagellum motility, further injuring the cell membranes leading to cytoplasm leakage and damaged DNA, eventually resulting in the bacterial death. Concomitantly, the attachment of g-C3 N4 nanosheets was a synergistic physical antibacterial pathway. The infection capacity assessment also supported the earlier supposition. CONCLUSION These results provide novel insights into the photocatalytic antibacterial mechanisms of g-C3 N4 nanosheets at the transcriptome level, which are expected to be useful for dissecting the response pathways in antibacterial activities and for improving g-C3 N4 -based photocatalysts practices in plant disease control. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cai
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Huanyu Jia
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lanying He
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xuefeng Wei
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hui Feng
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guangjin Fan
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaozhou Ma
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guanhua Ma
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xianchao Sun
- College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Pontes JGDM, Fernandes LS, Dos Santos RV, Tasic L, Fill TP. Virulence Factors in the Phytopathogen-Host Interactions: An Overview. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2020; 68:7555-7570. [PMID: 32559375 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c02389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Phytopathogens are responsible for great losses in agriculture, once they are able to subvert or elude the host defense mechanisms through virulence factors secretion for their dissemination. Herein, it is reviewed phytotoxins that act as virulence factors and are produced by bacterial phytopathogens (Candidatus Liberibacter spp., Erwinia amylovora, Pseudomonas syringae pvs and Xanthomonas spp.) and fungi (Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, Cochliobolus spp., Fusarium spp., Magnaporthe spp., and Penicillium spp.), which were selected in accordance to their worldwide importance due to the biochemical and economical aspects. In the current review, it is sought to understand the role of virulence factors in the pathogen-host interactions that result in plant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Soler Fernandes
- Laboratório de Biologia Quı́mica Microbiana (LaBioQuiMi), IQ-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ljubica Tasic
- Laboratório de Quı́mica Biológica (LQB), IQ-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Taicia Pacheco Fill
- Laboratório de Biologia Quı́mica Microbiana (LaBioQuiMi), IQ-UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- Institute of Chemistry, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), P.O. Box 6154, 13083970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
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l-amino acid ligase: A promising alternative for the biosynthesis of l-dipeptides. Enzyme Microb Technol 2020; 136:109537. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2020.109537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Gutiérrez-Barranquero JA, Cazorla FM, de Vicente A. Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae Associated With Mango Trees, a Particular Pathogen Within the "Hodgepodge" of the Pseudomonas syringae Complex. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:570. [PMID: 31139201 PMCID: PMC6518948 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The Pseudomonas syringae complex comprises different genetic groups that include strains from both agricultural and environmental habitats. This complex group has been used for decades as a "hodgepodge," including many taxonomically related species. More than 60 pathovars of P. syringae have been described based on distinct host ranges and disease symptoms they cause. These pathovars cause disease relying on an array of virulence mechanisms. However, P. syringae pv. syringae (Pss) is the most polyphagous bacterium in the P. syringae complex, based on its wide host range, that primarily affects woody and herbaceous host plants. In early 1990s, bacterial apical necrosis (BAN) of mango trees, a critical disease elicited by Pss in Southern Spain was described for the first time. Pss exhibits important epiphytic traits and virulence factors, which may promote its survival and pathogenicity in mango trees and in other plant hosts. Over more than two decades, Pss strains isolated from mango trees have been comprehensively investigated to elucidate the mechanisms that governs their epiphytic and pathogenic lifestyles. In particular, the vast majority of Pss strains isolated from mango trees produce an antimetabolite toxin, called mangotoxin, whose leading role in virulence has been clearly demonstrated. Moreover, phenotypic, genetic and phylogenetic approaches support that Pss strains producers of BAN symptoms on mango trees all belong to a single phylotype within phylogroup 2, are adapted to the mango host, and produce mangotoxin. Remarkably, a genome sequencing project of the Pss model strain UMAF0158 revealed the presence of other factors that may play major roles in its different lifestyles, such as the presence of two different type III secretion systems, two type VI secretion systems and an operon for cellulose biosynthesis. The role of cellulose in increasing mango leaf colonization and biofilm formation, and impairing virulence of Pss, suggests that cellulose may play a pivotal role with regards to the balance of its different lifestyles. In addition, 62-kb plasmids belonging to the pPT23A-family of plasmids (PFPs) have been strongly associated with Pss strains that inhabit mango trees. Further, complete sequence and comparative genomic analyses revealed major roles of PFPs in detoxification of copper compounds and ultraviolet radiation resistance, both improving the epiphytic lifestyle of Pss on mango surfaces. Hence, in this review we summarize the research that has been conducted on Pss by our research group to elucidate the molecular mechanisms that underpin the epiphytic and pathogenic lifestyle on mango trees. Finally, future directions in this particular plant-pathogen story are discussed.
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Alrumman SA, Mostafa YS, Al-Qahtani STS, Sahlabji T, Taha TH. Antimicrobial Activity and GC-MS Analysis of Bioactive Constituents of Thermophilic Bacteria Isolated from Saudi Hot Springs. ARABIAN JOURNAL FOR SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-018-3597-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Petkowski JJ, Bains W, Seager S. Natural Products Containing a Nitrogen-Sulfur Bond. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2018; 81:423-446. [PMID: 29364663 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.7b00921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Only about 100 natural products are known to contain a nitrogen-sulfur (N-S) bond. This review thoroughly categorizes N-S bond-containing compounds by structural class. Information on biological source, biological activity, and biosynthesis is included, if known. We also review the role of N-S bond functional groups as post-translational modifications of amino acids in proteins and peptides, emphasizing their role in the metabolism of the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janusz J Petkowski
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - William Bains
- Rufus Scientific , 37 The Moor, Melbourn, Royston, Herts SG8 6ED, U.K
| | - Sara Seager
- Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
- Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Hart KM, Reck M, Bowman GR, Wencewicz TA. Tabtoxinine-β-lactam is a “stealth” β-lactam antibiotic that evades β-lactamase-mediated antibiotic resistance. MEDCHEMCOMM 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c5md00325c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Tabtoxinine-β-lactam (TβL) is a phytotoxin produced by plant pathogenic strains of Pseudomonas syringae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M. Hart
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics
- Washington University School of Medicine
- St. Louis
- USA
| | - Margaret Reck
- Department of Chemistry
- Washington University in St. Louis
- St. Louis
- USA
| | - Gregory R. Bowman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics
- Washington University School of Medicine
- St. Louis
- USA
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L-amino acid ligase from Pseudomonas syringae producing tabtoxin can be used for enzymatic synthesis of various functional peptides. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 79:5023-9. [PMID: 23770908 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01003-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional peptides are expected to be beneficial compounds that improve our quality of life. To address the growing need for functional peptides, we have examined peptide synthesis by using microbial enzymes. l-Amino acid ligase (Lal) catalyzes the condensation of unprotected amino acids in an ATP-dependent manner and is applicable to fermentative production. Hence, Lal is a promising enzyme to achieve cost-effective synthesis. To obtain a Lal with novel substrate specificity, we focused on the putative Lal involved in the biosynthesis of the dipeptidic phytotoxin designated tabtoxin. The tabS gene was cloned from Pseudomonas syringae NBRC14081 and overexpressed in Escherichia coli cells. The recombinant TabS protein produced showed the broadest substrate specificity of any known Lal; it detected 136 of 231 combinations of amino acid substrates when dipeptide synthesis was examined. In addition, some new substrate specificities were identified and unusual amino acids, e.g., l-pipecolic acid, hydroxy-l-proline, and β-alanine, were found to be acceptable substrates. Furthermore, kinetic analysis and monitoring of the reactions over a short time revealed that TabS showed distinct substrate selectivity at the N and C termini, which made it possible to specifically synthesize a peptide without by-products such as homopeptides and heteropeptides with the reverse sequence. TabS specifically synthesized the following functional peptides, including their precursors: l-arginyl-l-phenylalanine (antihypertensive effect; yield, 62%), l-leucyl-l-isoleucine (antidepressive effect; yield, 77%), l-glutaminyl-l-tryptophan (precursor of l-glutamyl-l-tryptophan, which has antiangiogenic activity; yield, 54%), l-leucyl-l-serine (enhances saltiness; yield, 83%), and l-glutaminyl-l-threonine (precursor of l-glutamyl-l-threonine, which enhances saltiness; yield, 96%). Furthermore, our results also provide new insights into tabtoxin biosynthesis.
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Carrión VJ, Gutiérrez-Barranquero JA, Arrebola E, Bardaji L, Codina JC, de Vicente A, Cazorla FM, Murillo J. The mangotoxin biosynthetic operon (mbo) is specifically distributed within Pseudomonas syringae genomospecies 1 and was acquired only once during evolution. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 79:756-67. [PMID: 23144138 PMCID: PMC3568555 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03007-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mangotoxin production was first described in Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae strains. A phenotypic characterization of 94 P. syringae strains was carried out to determine the genetic evolution of the mangotoxin biosynthetic operon (mbo). We designed a PCR primer pair specific for the mbo operon to examine its distribution within the P. syringae complex. These primers amplified a 692-bp DNA fragment from 52 mangotoxin-producing strains and from 7 non-mangotoxin-producing strains that harbor the mbo operon, whereas 35 non-mangotoxin-producing strains did not yield any amplification. This, together with the analysis of draft genomes, allowed the identification of the mbo operon in five pathovars (pathovars aptata, avellanae, japonica, pisi, and syringae), all of which belong to genomospecies 1, suggesting a limited distribution of the mbo genes in the P. syringae complex. Phylogenetic analyses using partial sequences from housekeeping genes differentiated three groups within genomospecies 1. All of the strains containing the mbo operon clustered in groups I and II, whereas those lacking the operon clustered in group III; however, the relative branching order of these three groups is dependent on the genes used to construct the phylogeny. The mbo operon maintains synteny and is inserted in the same genomic location, with high sequence conservation around the insertion point, for all the strains in groups I and II. These data support the idea that the mbo operon was acquired horizontally and only once by the ancestor of groups I and II from genomospecies 1 within the P. syringae complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor J. Carrión
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea La Mayora (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - José A. Gutiérrez-Barranquero
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea La Mayora (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Eva Arrebola
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea La Mayora (IHSMUMA-CSIC), Estación Experimental La Mayora, Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga, Spain
| | - Leire Bardaji
- Laboratorio de Patología Vegetal, ETS Ingenieros Agrónomos, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Juan C. Codina
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea La Mayora (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Antonio de Vicente
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea La Mayora (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Francisco M. Cazorla
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea La Mayora (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Málaga, Málaga, Spain
| | - Jesús Murillo
- Laboratorio de Patología Vegetal, ETS Ingenieros Agrónomos, Universidad Pública de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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Wencewicz TA, Walsh CT. Pseudomonas syringae self-protection from tabtoxinine-β-lactam by ligase TblF and acetylase Ttr. Biochemistry 2012; 51:7712-25. [PMID: 22994681 DOI: 10.1021/bi3011384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Plant pathogenic Pseudomonas syringae produce the hydroxy-β-lactam antimetabolite tabtoxinine-β-lactam (TβL) as a time-dependent inactivating glutamine analogue of plant glutamine synthetases. The producing pseudomonads use multiple modes of self-protection, two of which are characterized in this study. The first is the dipeptide ligase TblF which converts tabtoxinine-β-lactam to the TβL-Thr dipeptide known as tabtoxin. The dipeptide is not recognized by glutamine synthetase. This represents a Trojan Horse strategy: the dipeptide is secreted, taken up by dipeptide permeases in neighboring cells, and TβL is released by peptidase action. The second self-protection mode is elaboration by the acetyltransferase Ttr, which acetylates the α-amino group of the proximal inactivator TβL, but not the tabtoxin dipeptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy A Wencewicz
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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