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Wang Z, Shi Q, Chen P, Sun F, Creech D, Lu Z, Yin Y, Yu C. Grafting Causes Physiological Changes and Promotes Adventitious Root Formation in Rejuvenated Soft Shoots of Taxodium hybrid 'Zhongshanshan'. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:201. [PMID: 36616329 PMCID: PMC9823487 DOI: 10.3390/plants12010201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Taxodium hybrid 'Zhongshanshan' has been widely used as a timber tree in river network areas and coastal regions and is mainly propagated by cuttings. However, when trees age, their capacity to form adventitious roots becomes weaker. We successfully enhanced the rooting ability of shoots in T. hybrid 'Zhongshanshan 302' by their rejuvenation based on grafting. We recorded temporal variation in endogenous auxin, abscisic acid (ABA), gibberellins (GAs), trans-zeatin-riboside (TZR), soluble sugar and H2O2 after root induction. Auxin, soluble sugars and H2O2 levels were higher in rejuvenated shoots than in mature shoots, whereas the opposite was true for ABA and GAs. Notably, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and GA3 presented higher contents with more obvious differences in T. hybrid 'Zhongshanshan 302' rejuvenated shoots vs. mature shoots compared with other kinds of auxin and GAs. The evident improvement in the rooting ability of rejuvenated shoots after grafting likely resulted from the differential regulation of plant hormones, carbohydrates and redox signaling. In addition to the physiological basis of improved rooting ability by grafting, this study provided a theoretical basis for the optimization of subsequent propagation techniques in T. hybrid 'Zhongshanshan' and potentially other Taxodium spp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiquan Wang
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Qin Shi
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Peipei Chen
- Jingjiang Greening Engineering Co., Ltd., Jingjiang 214500, China
| | - Feng Sun
- Jingjiang Greening Engineering Co., Ltd., Jingjiang 214500, China
| | - David Creech
- College of Forestry and Agriculture, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, TX 75962, USA
| | - Zhiguo Lu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yunlong Yin
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Chaoguang Yu
- Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210014, China
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Nanjing 210014, China
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Xuan L, Hua J, Zhang F, Wang Z, Pei X, Yang Y, Yin Y, Creech DL. Identification and Functional Analysis of ThADH1 and ThADH4 Genes Involved in Tolerance to Waterlogging Stress in Taxodium hybrid 'Zhongshanshan 406'. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12020225. [PMID: 33557242 PMCID: PMC7913975 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The Taxodium hybrid 'Zhongshanshan 406' (T. hybrid 'Zhongshanshan 406') [Taxodium mucronatum Tenore × Taxodium distichum (L.). Rich] has an outstanding advantage in flooding tolerance and thus has been widely used in wetland afforestation in China. Alcohol dehydrogenase genes (ADHs) played key roles in ethanol metabolism to maintain energy supply for plants in low-oxygen conditions. Two ADH genes were isolated and characterized-ThADH1 and ThADH4 (GenBank ID: AWL83216 and AWL83217-basing on the transcriptome data of T. hybrid 'Zhongshanshan 406' grown under waterlogging stress. Then the functions of these two genes were investigated through transient expression and overexpression. The results showed that the ThADH1 and ThADH4 proteins both fall under ADH III subfamily. ThADH1 was localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus, whereas ThADH4 was only localized in the cytoplasm. The expression of the two genes was stimulated by waterlogging and the expression level in roots was significantly higher than those in stems and leaves. The respective overexpression of ThADH1 and ThADH4 in Populus caused the opposite phenotype, while waterlogging tolerance of the two transgenic Populus significantly improved. Collectively, these results indicated that genes ThADH1 and ThADH4 were involved in the tolerance and adaptation to anaerobic conditions in T. hybrid 'Zhongshanshan 406'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Xuan
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Taxodium Rich. Germplasm Innovation and Propagation, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem, Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210037, China; (L.X.); (F.Z.); (Z.W.); (X.P.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Jianfeng Hua
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Taxodium Rich. Germplasm Innovation and Propagation, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem, Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210037, China; (L.X.); (F.Z.); (Z.W.); (X.P.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-25-8434-7069
| | - Fan Zhang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Taxodium Rich. Germplasm Innovation and Propagation, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem, Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210037, China; (L.X.); (F.Z.); (Z.W.); (X.P.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Zhiquan Wang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Taxodium Rich. Germplasm Innovation and Propagation, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem, Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210037, China; (L.X.); (F.Z.); (Z.W.); (X.P.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Xiaoxiao Pei
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Taxodium Rich. Germplasm Innovation and Propagation, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem, Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210037, China; (L.X.); (F.Z.); (Z.W.); (X.P.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Ying Yang
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Taxodium Rich. Germplasm Innovation and Propagation, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem, Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210037, China; (L.X.); (F.Z.); (Z.W.); (X.P.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yunlong Yin
- Jiangsu Province Engineering Research Center of Taxodium Rich. Germplasm Innovation and Propagation, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem, Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210037, China; (L.X.); (F.Z.); (Z.W.); (X.P.); (Y.Y.); (Y.Y.)
| | - David L. Creech
- Arthur Temple College of Forestry and Agriculture, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, TX 75962, USA;
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Díaz-Sala C. A Perspective on Adventitious Root Formation in Tree Species. PLANTS 2020; 9:plants9121789. [PMID: 33348577 PMCID: PMC7766270 DOI: 10.3390/plants9121789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Adventitious root formation is an organogenic process, regulated at several levels, that is crucial for the successful vegetative propagation of numerous plants. In many tree species, recalcitrance to adventitious root formation is a major limitation in the clonal propagation of elite germplasms. Information on the mechanisms underlying the competence for adventitious root formation is still limited. Therefore, increasing our understanding of the mechanisms that enable differentiated somatic cells to switch their fates and develop into root meristematic cells, especially those involved in cell developmental aging and maturation, is a priority in adventitious root-related research. The dynamic cell wall-cytoskeleton, along with soluble factors, such as cellular signals or transcriptional regulators, may be involved in adult cell responses to intrinsic or extrinsic factors, resulting in maintenance, induction of root meristematic cell formation, or entrance into another differentiating pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Díaz-Sala
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcalá, 28805 Alcalá de Henares, Madrid, Spain
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Guo J, Duan H, Xuan L, Wang Z, Hua J, Yu C, Yin Y, Li M, Yang Y. Identification and functional analysis of LecRLK genes in Taxodium 'Zhongshanshan'. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7498. [PMID: 31423364 PMCID: PMC6697044 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Lectin receptor-like protein kinases (LecRLKs) can transform external stimuli into intracellular signals and play important regulatory roles in plant development and response to environmental stressors. However, research on the LecRLK gene family of conifers has seldom been reported. Methods Putative LecRLK genes were identified in the transcriptome of Taxodium 'Zhongshanshan'. The classification, domain structures, subcellular localization prediction, and expression patterns of LecRLK genes, as well as co-expressed genes, were analyzed using bioinformatics methods. Fifteen representative genes were further selected for qRT-PCR analysis in six tissues and under five different environmental stressor conditions. Results In total, 297 LecRLK genes were identified, including 155 G-type, 140 L-type, and 2 C-type. According to the classification, G-type and L-type LecRLK genes both can be organized into seven groups. The domain architecture of G-type proteins were more complex compared with that of L- and C-type proteins. Conservative motifs were found in G-type and L-type diverse lectin domains. Prediction and transient expression experiments to determine subcellular localization showed that LecRLKs were mainly concentrated in the cell membrane system, and some members were located at multiple sites at the same time. RNA-seq-based transcriptomics analysis suggested functional redundancy and divergence within each group. Unigenes co-expressed with LecRLKs in the transcriptome were found to be enriched in pathways related to signal transduction and environmental adaptation. Furthermore, qRT-PCR analysis of representative genes showed evidence of functional divergence between different groups. Conclusions This is the first study to conduct an identification and expression analysis of the LecRLK gene family in Taxodium. These results provide a basis for future studies on the evolution and function of this important gene family in Taxodium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinbo Guo
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Taxodium Rich. Germplasm Innovation and Propagation, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, China
| | - Hao Duan
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Taxodium Rich. Germplasm Innovation and Propagation, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, China
| | - Lei Xuan
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Taxodium Rich. Germplasm Innovation and Propagation, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, China
| | - Ziyang Wang
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Taxodium Rich. Germplasm Innovation and Propagation, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, China
| | - Jianfeng Hua
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Taxodium Rich. Germplasm Innovation and Propagation, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, China
| | - Chaoguang Yu
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Taxodium Rich. Germplasm Innovation and Propagation, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, China
| | - Yunlong Yin
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Taxodium Rich. Germplasm Innovation and Propagation, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, China
| | - Mingzhi Li
- Genepioneer Biotechnologies Co. Ltd, Nanjing, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Jiangsu Engineering Research Center for Taxodium Rich. Germplasm Innovation and Propagation, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing, China
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An Integrated Transcriptome and Proteome Analysis Reveals Putative Regulators of Adventitious Root Formation in Taxodium 'Zhongshanshan'. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051225. [PMID: 30862088 PMCID: PMC6429173 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Adventitious root (AR) formation from cuttings is the primary manner for the commercial vegetative propagation of trees. Cuttings is also the main method for the vegetative reproduction of Taxodium ‘Zhongshanshan’, while knowledge of the molecular mechanisms regulating the processes is limited. Here, we used mRNA sequencing and an isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation-based quantitative proteomic (iTRAQ) analysis to measure changes in gene and protein expression levels during AR formation in Taxodium ‘Zhongshanshan’. Three comparison groups were established to represent the three developmental stages in the AR formation process. At the transcript level, 4743 genes showed an expression difference in the comparison groups as detected by RNA sequencing. At the protein level, 4005 proteins differed in their relative abundance levels, as indicated by the quantitative proteomic analysis. A comparison of the transcriptome and proteome data revealed regulatory aspects of metabolism during AR formation and development. In summary, hormonal signal transduction is different at different developmental stages during AR formation. Other factors related to carbohydrate and energy metabolism and protein degradation and some transcription factor activity levels, were also correlated with AR formation. Studying the identified genes and proteins will provide further insights into the molecular mechanisms controlling AR formation.
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