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Berrabah F, Benaceur F, Yin C, Xin D, Magne K, Garmier M, Gruber V, Ratet P. Defense and senescence interplay in legume nodules. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2024; 5:100888. [PMID: 38532645 PMCID: PMC11009364 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2024.100888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Immunity and senescence play a crucial role in the functioning of the legume symbiotic nodules. The miss-regulation of one of these processes compromises the symbiosis leading to death of the endosymbiont and the arrest of the nodule functioning. The relationship between immunity and senescence has been extensively studied in plant organs where a synergistic response can be observed. However, the interplay between immunity and senescence in the symbiotic organ is poorly discussed in the literature and these phenomena are often mixed up. Recent studies revealed that the cooperation between immunity and senescence is not always observed in the nodule, suggesting complex interactions between these two processes within the symbiotic organ. Here, we discuss recent results on the interplay between immunity and senescence in the nodule and the specificities of this relationship during legume-rhizobium symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fathi Berrabah
- Faculty of Sciences, University Amar Telidji, 03000 Laghouat, Algeria; Research Unit of Medicinal Plants (RUMP), National Center of Biotechnology Research, CRBt, 25000 Constantine, Algeria.
| | - Farouk Benaceur
- Faculty of Sciences, University Amar Telidji, 03000 Laghouat, Algeria; Research Unit of Medicinal Plants (RUMP), National Center of Biotechnology Research, CRBt, 25000 Constantine, Algeria
| | - Chaoyan Yin
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, University of Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Université Paris Cité, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Dawei Xin
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in the Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Kévin Magne
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, University of Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Université Paris Cité, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Marie Garmier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, University of Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Université Paris Cité, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Véronique Gruber
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, University of Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Université Paris Cité, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - Pascal Ratet
- Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, INRAE, University of Evry, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Université Paris Cité, Institute of Plant Sciences Paris-Saclay (IPS2), 91190 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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2
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Semenova MG, Petina AN, Fedorova EE. Autophagy and Symbiosis: Membranes, ER, and Speculations. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2918. [PMID: 38474164 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The interaction of plants and soil bacteria rhizobia leads to the formation of root nodule symbiosis. The intracellular form of rhizobia, the symbiosomes, are able to perform the nitrogen fixation by converting atmospheric dinitrogen into ammonia, which is available for plants. The symbiosis involves the resource sharing between two partners, but this exchange does not include equivalence, which can lead to resource scarcity and stress responses of one of the partners. In this review, we analyze the possible involvement of the autophagy pathway in the process of the maintenance of the nitrogen-fixing bacteria intracellular colony and the changes in the endomembrane system of the host cell. According to in silico expression analysis, ATG genes of all groups were expressed in the root nodule, and the expression was developmental zone dependent. The analysis of expression of genes involved in the response to carbon or nitrogen deficiency has shown a suboptimal access to sugars and nitrogen in the nodule tissue. The upregulation of several ER stress genes was also detected. Hence, the root nodule cells are under heavy bacterial infection, carbon deprivation, and insufficient nitrogen supply, making nodule cells prone to autophagy. We speculate that the membrane formation around the intracellular rhizobia may be quite similar to the phagophore formation, and the induction of autophagy and ER stress are essential to the success of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G Semenova
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Science, 127276 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alekandra N Petina
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Science, 127276 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena E Fedorova
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Science, 127276 Moscow, Russia
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3
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Gupta G, Chauhan PS, Jha PN, Verma RK, Singh S, Yadav VK, Sahoo DK, Patel A. Secretory molecules from secretion systems fine-tune the host-beneficial bacteria (PGPRs) interaction. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1355750. [PMID: 38468848 PMCID: PMC10925705 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1355750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous bacterial species associate with plants through commensal, mutualistic, or parasitic association, affecting host physiology and health. The mechanism for such association is intricate and involves the secretion of multiple biochemical substances through dedicated protein systems called secretion systems SS. Eleven SS pathways deliver protein factors and enzymes in their immediate environment or host cells, as well as in competing microbial cells in a contact-dependent or independent fashion. These SS are instrumental in competition, initiation of infection, colonization, and establishment of association (positive or negative) with host organisms. The role of SS in infection and pathogenesis has been demonstrated for several phytopathogens, including Agrobacterium, Xanthomonas, Ralstonia, and Pseudomonas. Since there is overlap in mechanisms of establishing association with host plants, several studies have investigated the role of SSs in the interaction of plant and beneficial bacteria, including symbiotic rhizobia and plant growth bacteria (PGPB). Therefore, the present review updates the role of different SSs required for the colonization of beneficial bacteria such as rhizobia, Burkholderia, Pseudomonas, Herbaspirillum, etc., on or inside plants, which can lead to a long-term association. Most SS like T3SS, T4SS, T5SS, and T6SS are required for the antagonistic activity needed to prevent competing microbes, including phytopathogens, ameliorate biotic stress in plants, and produce substances for successful colonization. Others are required for chemotaxis, adherence, niche formation, and suppression of immune response to establish mutualistic association with host plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Gupta
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University, Barabanki, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Microbial Technologies Group, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Puneet Singh Chauhan
- Microbial Technologies Group, CSIR-National Botanical Research Institute, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Prabhat Nath Jha
- Department of Biological Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Rajasthan, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Verma
- Department of Biosciences, SLAS Mody University of Science and Technology, Sikar, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sachidanand Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Energy Technology, Pandit Deendayal Energy University, Gandhinagar, Gujarat, India
| | - Virendra Kumar Yadav
- Department of Lifesciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, Gujarat, India
| | - Dipak Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Ashish Patel
- Department of Lifesciences, Hemchandracharya North Gujarat University, Patan, Gujarat, India
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4
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Legumes Regulate Symbiosis with Rhizobia via Their Innate Immune System. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032800. [PMID: 36769110 PMCID: PMC9917363 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant roots are constantly exposed to a diverse microbiota of pathogens and mutualistic partners. The host's immune system is an essential component for its survival, enabling it to monitor nearby microbes for potential threats and respond with a defence response when required. Current research suggests that the plant immune system has also been employed in the legume-rhizobia symbiosis as a means of monitoring different rhizobia strains and that successful rhizobia have evolved to overcome this system to infect the roots and initiate nodulation. With clear implications for host-specificity, the immune system has the potential to be an important target for engineering versatile crops for effective nodulation in the field. However, current knowledge of the interacting components governing this pathway is limited, and further research is required to build on what is currently known to improve our understanding. This review provides a general overview of the plant immune system's role in nodulation. With a focus on the cycles of microbe-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity (MTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI), we highlight key molecular players and recent findings while addressing the current knowledge gaps in this area.
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Jiménez-Guerrero I, Medina C, Vinardell JM, Ollero FJ, López-Baena FJ. The Rhizobial Type 3 Secretion System: The Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde in the Rhizobium–Legume Symbiosis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231911089. [PMID: 36232385 PMCID: PMC9569860 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231911089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhizobia are soil bacteria that can establish a symbiotic association with legumes. As a result, plant nodules are formed on the roots of the host plants where rhizobia differentiate to bacteroids capable of fixing atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia. This ammonia is transferred to the plant in exchange of a carbon source and an appropriate environment for bacterial survival. This process is subjected to a tight regulation with several checkpoints to allow the progression of the infection or its restriction. The type 3 secretion system (T3SS) is a secretory system that injects proteins, called effectors (T3E), directly into the cytoplasm of the host cell, altering host pathways or suppressing host defense responses. This secretion system is not present in all rhizobia but its role in symbiosis is crucial for some symbiotic associations, showing two possible faces as Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde: it can be completely necessary for the formation of nodules, or it can block nodulation in different legume species/cultivars. In this review, we compile all the information currently available about the effects of different rhizobial effectors on plant symbiotic phenotypes. These phenotypes are diverse and highlight the importance of the T3SS in certain rhizobium–legume symbioses.
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6
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Shang JY, Zhang P, Jia YW, Lu YN, Wu Y, Ji S, Chen L, Wang ET, Chen WX, Sui XH. Coordinated regulation of symbiotic adaptation by NodD proteins and NolA in the type I peanut bradyrhizobial strain Bradyrhizobium zhanjiangense CCBAU51778. Microbiol Res 2022; 265:127188. [PMID: 36152611 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2022.127188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Type I peanut bradyrhizobial strains can establish efficient symbiosis in contrast to symbiotic incompatibility induced by type II strains with mung bean. The notable distinction in the two kinds of key symbiosis-related regulators nolA and nodD close to the nodABCSUIJ operon region between these two types of peanut bradyrhizobia was found. Therefore, we determined whether NolA and NodD proteins regulate the symbiotic adaptations of type I strains to different hosts. We found that NodD1-NolA synergistically regulated the symbiosis between the type I strain Bradyrhizobium zhanjiangense CCBAU51778 and mung bean, and NodD1-NodD2 jointly regulated nodulation ability. In contrast, NodD1-NolA coordinately regulated nodulation ability in the CCBAU51778-peanut symbiosis. Meanwhile, NodD1 and NolA collectively contributes to competitive nodule colonization of CCBAU51778 on both hosts. The Fucosylated Nod factors and intact type 3 secretion system (T3SS), rather than extra nodD2 and full-length nolA, were critical for effective symbiosis with mung bean. Unexpectedly, T3SS-related genes were activated by NodD2 but not NodD1. Compared to NodD1 and NodD2, NolA predominantly inhibits exopolysaccharide production by promoting exoR expression. Importantly, this is the first report that NolA regulates rhizobial T3SS-related genes. The coordinated regulation and integration of different gene networks to fine-tune the expression of symbiosis-related genes and other accessory genes by NodD1-NolA might be required for CCBAU51778 to efficiently nodulate peanut. This study shed new light on our understanding of the regulatory roles of NolA and NodD proteins in symbiotic adaptation, highlighting the sophisticated gene networks dominated by NodD1-NolA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Ying Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, MOA Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Pan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, MOA Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yu Wen Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, MOA Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yi Ning Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, MOA Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yue Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, MOA Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shuang Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, MOA Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - La Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, MOA Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - En Tao Wang
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, México, D. F. 11340, Mexico
| | - Wen Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, MOA Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xin Hua Sui
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, MOA Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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7
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Wang T, Balla B, Kovács S, Kereszt A. Varietas Delectat: Exploring Natural Variations in Nitrogen-Fixing Symbiosis Research. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:856187. [PMID: 35481136 PMCID: PMC9037385 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.856187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The nitrogen-fixing symbiosis between leguminous plants and soil bacteria collectively called rhizobia plays an important role in the global nitrogen cycle and is an essential component of sustainable agriculture. Genetic determinants directing the development and functioning of the interaction have been identified with the help of a very limited number of model plants and bacterial strains. Most of the information obtained from the study of model systems could be validated on crop plants and their partners. The investigation of soybean cultivars and different rhizobia, however, has revealed the existence of ineffective interactions between otherwise effective partners that resemble gene-for-gene interactions described for pathogenic systems. Since then, incompatible interactions between natural isolates of model plants, called ecotypes, and different bacterial partner strains have been reported. Moreover, diverse phenotypes of both bacterial mutants on different host plants and plant mutants with different bacterial strains have been described. Identification of the genetic factors behind the phenotypic differences did already and will reveal novel functions of known genes/proteins, the role of certain proteins in some interactions, and the fine regulation of the steps during nodule development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wang
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School in Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Benedikta Balla
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School in Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Szilárd Kovács
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Attila Kereszt
- Eötvös Loránd Research Network, Biological Research Centre, Institute of Plant Biology, Szeged, Hungary
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8
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Songwattana P, Chaintreuil C, Wongdee J, Teulet A, Mbaye M, Piromyou P, Gully D, Fardoux J, Zoumman AMA, Camuel A, Tittabutr P, Teaumroong N, Giraud E. Identification of type III effectors modulating the symbiotic properties of Bradyrhizobium vignae strain ORS3257 with various Vigna species. Sci Rep 2021; 11:4874. [PMID: 33649428 PMCID: PMC7921652 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-84205-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Bradyrhizobium vignae strain ORS3257 is an elite strain recommended for cowpea inoculation in Senegal. This strain was recently shown to establish symbioses on some Aeschynomene species using a cocktail of Type III effectors (T3Es) secreted by the T3SS machinery. In this study, using a collection of mutants in different T3Es genes, we sought to identify the effectors that modulate the symbiotic properties of ORS3257 in three Vigna species (V. unguiculata, V. radiata and V. mungo). While the T3SS had a positive impact on the symbiotic efficiency of the strain in V. unguiculata and V. mungo, it blocked symbiosis with V. radiata. The combination of effectors promoting nodulation in V. unguiculata and V. mungo differed, in both cases, NopT and NopAB were involved, suggesting they are key determinants for nodulation, and to a lesser extent, NopM1 and NopP1, which are additionally required for optimal symbiosis with V. mungo. In contrast, only one effector, NopP2, was identified as the cause of the incompatibility between ORS3257 and V. radiata. The identification of key effectors which promote symbiotic efficiency or render the interaction incompatible is important for the development of inoculation strategies to improve the growth of Vigna species cultivated in Africa and Asia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pongpan Songwattana
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Clémence Chaintreuil
- IRD, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes, UMR 113, IRD/CIRAD/INRAE/Université de Montpellier/SupAgro, Campus de Baillarguet, TA-A82/J, 34398, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.,IRD, Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie, UR040, ISRA, UCAD, Centre de Recherche de Bel Air, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Jenjira Wongdee
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Albin Teulet
- IRD, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes, UMR 113, IRD/CIRAD/INRAE/Université de Montpellier/SupAgro, Campus de Baillarguet, TA-A82/J, 34398, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Mamadou Mbaye
- IRD, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes, UMR 113, IRD/CIRAD/INRAE/Université de Montpellier/SupAgro, Campus de Baillarguet, TA-A82/J, 34398, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Pongdet Piromyou
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Djamel Gully
- IRD, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes, UMR 113, IRD/CIRAD/INRAE/Université de Montpellier/SupAgro, Campus de Baillarguet, TA-A82/J, 34398, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Joel Fardoux
- IRD, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes, UMR 113, IRD/CIRAD/INRAE/Université de Montpellier/SupAgro, Campus de Baillarguet, TA-A82/J, 34398, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Alexandre Mahougnon Aurel Zoumman
- IRD, Laboratoire Commun de Microbiologie, UR040, ISRA, UCAD, Centre de Recherche de Bel Air, Dakar, Senegal.,Département de Biologie Végétale, University Cheikh Anta Diop, Dakar, Senegal
| | - Alicia Camuel
- IRD, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes, UMR 113, IRD/CIRAD/INRAE/Université de Montpellier/SupAgro, Campus de Baillarguet, TA-A82/J, 34398, Montpellier Cedex 5, France
| | - Panlada Tittabutr
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Neung Teaumroong
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural Technology, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand.
| | - Eric Giraud
- IRD, Laboratoire des Symbioses Tropicales et Méditerranéennes, UMR 113, IRD/CIRAD/INRAE/Université de Montpellier/SupAgro, Campus de Baillarguet, TA-A82/J, 34398, Montpellier Cedex 5, France.
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9
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Jiménez-Guerrero I, Moreno-De Castro N, Pérez-Montaño F. One door closes, another opens: when nodulation impairment with natural hosts extends rhizobial host-range. Environ Microbiol 2020; 23:1837-1841. [PMID: 33306279 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The rhizobium-legume symbiosis is the best-understood plant-microbe association. The high degree of specificity observed in this relationship is supported by a complex exchange of signals between the two components of the symbiosis. Findings reported in last years indicate that multiple molecular mechanisms, such as the production of a particular set of nodulation factors at a very specific concentration or a suitable arsenal of effectors secreted through the type III secretion system, have been adjusted during evolution to ensure and optimize the recognition of specific rhizobial strains by its legume host. Qualitative or quantitative changes in the production of these symbiotic molecular determinants are detrimental for nodulation with its natural host but, in some cases, can also result beneficial for the rhizobium since it extends the nodulation host-range to other legumes. Potential repercussion of the extension in the nodulation host-range of rhizobia is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Jiménez-Guerrero
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes 6, C.P., Sevilla, 41012, Spain
| | - Natalia Moreno-De Castro
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes 6, C.P., Sevilla, 41012, Spain
| | - Francisco Pérez-Montaño
- Departamento de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes 6, C.P., Sevilla, 41012, Spain
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10
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Walker L, Lagunas B, Gifford ML. Determinants of Host Range Specificity in Legume-Rhizobia Symbiosis. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:585749. [PMID: 33329456 PMCID: PMC7728800 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.585749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Leguminous plants possess the almost unique ability to enter symbiosis with soil-resident, nitrogen fixing bacteria called rhizobia. During this symbiosis, the bacteria physically colonize specialized organs on the roots of the host plant called nodules, where they reduce atmospheric nitrogen into forms that can be assimilated by the host plant and receive photosynthates in return. In order for nodule development to occur, there is extensive chemical cross-talk between both parties during the formative stages of the symbiosis. The vast majority of the legume family are capable of forming root nodules and typically rhizobia are only able to fix nitrogen within the context of this symbiotic association. However, many legume species only enter productive symbiosis with a few, or even single rhizobial species or strains, and vice-versa. Permitting symbiosis with only rhizobial strains that will be able to fix nitrogen with high efficiency is a crucial strategy for the host plant to prevent cheating by rhizobia. This selectivity is enforced at all stages of the symbiosis, with partner choice beginning during the initial communication between the plant and rhizobia. However, it can also be influenced even once nitrogen-fixing nodules have developed on the root. This review sets out current knowledge about the molecular mechanisms employed by both parties to influence host range during legume-rhizobia symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liam Walker
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Beatriz Lagunas
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Miriam L Gifford
- School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom.,Warwick Integrative Synthetic Biology Centre, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
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11
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Wu Y, Li YH, Shang JY, Wang ET, Chen L, Huo B, Sui XH, Tian CF, Chen WF, Chen WX. Multiple Genes of Symbiotic Plasmid and Chromosome in Type II Peanut Bradyrhizobium Strains Corresponding to the Incompatible Symbiosis With Vigna radiata. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1175. [PMID: 32655513 PMCID: PMC7324677 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhizobia are capable of establishing compatible symbiosis with their hosts of origin and plants in the cross-nodulation group that the hosts of origin belonged to. However, different from the normal peanut Bradyrhizobium (Type I strains), the Type II strains showed incompatible symbiosis with Vigna radiata. Here, we employed transposon mutagenesis to identify the genetic loci related to this incompatibility in Type II strain CCBAU 53363. As results, seven Tn5 transposon insertion mutants resulted in an increase in nodule number on V. radiata. By sequencing analysis of the sequence flanking Tn5 insertion, six mutants were located in the chromosome of CCBAU 53363, respectively encoding acyltransferase (L265) and hypothetical protein (L615)—unique to CCBAU 53363, two hypothetical proteins (L4 and L82), tripartite tricarboxylate transporter substrate binding protein (L373), and sulfur oxidation c-type cytochrome SoxA (L646), while one mutant was in symbiotic plasmid encoding alanine dehydrogenase (L147). Significant differences were observed in L147 gene sequences and the deduced protein 3D structures between the Type II (in symbiotic plasmid) and Type I strains (in chromosome). Conversely, strains in both types shared high homologies in the chromosome genes L373 and L646 and in their protein 3D structures. These data indicated that the symbiotic plasmid gene in Type II strains might have directly affected their symbiosis incompatibility, whereas the chromosome genes might be indirectly involved in this process by regulating the plasmid symbiosis genes. The seven genes may initially explain the complication associated with symbiotic incompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Hua Li
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiao Ying Shang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - En Tao Wang
- Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biologicas, Instituto Politecnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - La Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Huo
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Hua Sui
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chang Fu Tian
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Xin Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, Key Laboratory of Soil Microbiology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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12
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Identification of Bradyrhizobium elkanii USDA61 Type III Effectors Determining Symbiosis with Vigna mungo. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11050474. [PMID: 32349348 PMCID: PMC7291247 DOI: 10.3390/genes11050474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Bradyrhizobium elkanii USDA61 possesses a functional type III secretion system (T3SS) that controls host-specific symbioses with legumes. Here, we demonstrated that B. elkanii T3SS is essential for the nodulation of several southern Asiatic Vigna mungo cultivars. Strikingly, inactivation of either Nod factor synthesis or T3SS in B. elkanii abolished nodulation of the V. mungo plants. Among the effectors, NopL was identified as a key determinant for T3SS-dependent symbiosis. Mutations of other effector genes, such as innB, nopP2, and bel2-5, also impacted symbiotic effectiveness, depending on host genotypes. The nopL deletion mutant formed no nodules on V. mungo, but infection thread formation was still maintained, thereby suggesting its pivotal role in nodule organogenesis. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that NopL was exclusively conserved among Bradyrhizobium and Sinorhizobium (Ensifer) species and showed a different phylogenetic lineage from T3SS. These findings suggest that V. mungo evolved a unique symbiotic signaling cascade that requires both NFs and T3Es (NopL).
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13
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Nguyen HP, Miwa H, Obirih-Opareh J, Suzaki T, Yasuda M, Okazaki S. Novel rhizobia exhibit superior nodulation and biological nitrogen fixation even under high nitrate concentrations. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2020; 96:fiz184. [PMID: 31860058 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiz184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Legume-rhizobium symbiosis leads to the formation of nitrogen-fixing root nodules. However, externally applied chemical nitrogen fertilizers (nitrate and ammonia) strongly inhibit nodule formation and nitrogen fixation. Here, we isolated several rhizobial strains exhibiting a superior nodulation and nitrogen fixation with soybean at high nitrate concentrations. The nodulation of soybean symbiont Bradyrhizobium diazoefficiens USDA110 was significantly inhibited at 12.5 mM nitrate; however, three isolates (NKS4, NKM2 and NKTG2) were capable of forming nitrogen-fixing nodules, even at 20 mM nitrate. These isolates exhibited higher nodulation competitiveness and induced larger nodules with higher nitrogen-fixation activity than USDA110 at 5 mM nitrate. Furthermore, these isolates induced more nodules than USDA110 even in nitrate-free conditions. These isolates had a distant lineage within the Bradyrhizobium genus; though they were relatively phylogenetically close to Bradyrhizobium japonicum, their morphological and growth characteristics were significantly different. Notably, in the presence of nitrate, expression of the soybean symbiosis-related genes (GmENOD40 and GmNIN) was significantly higher and expression of GmNIC1 that is involved in nitrate-dependent nodulation inhibition was lower in the roots inoculated with these isolates in contrast with inoculation of USDA110. These novel rhizobia serve as promising inoculants for soybeans cultivated in diverse agroecosystems, particularly on nitrate-applied soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hien P Nguyen
- Institute of Global Innovation Research (IGIR), Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu city, Tokyo 183-8538, Japan
| | - Hiroki Miwa
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | | | - Takuya Suzaki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8577, Japan
| | - Michiko Yasuda
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
| | - Shin Okazaki
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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14
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Piromyou P, Songwattana P, Teamtisong K, Tittabutr P, Boonkerd N, Tantasawat PA, Giraud E, Göttfert M, Teaumroong N. Mutualistic co-evolution of T3SSs during the establishment of symbiotic relationships between Vigna radiata and Bradyrhizobia. Microbiologyopen 2019; 8:e00781. [PMID: 30628192 PMCID: PMC6612562 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study supports the idea that the evolution of type III secretion system (T3SS) is one of the factors that controls Vigna radiata-bradyrhizobia symbiosis. Based on phylogenetic tree data and gene arrangements, it seems that the T3SSs of the Thai bradyrhizobial strains SUTN9-2, DOA1, and DOA9 and the Senegalese strain ORS3257 may share the same origin. Therefore, strains SUTN9-2, DOA1, DOA9, and ORS3257 may have evolved their T3SSs independently from other bradyrhizobia, depending on biological and/or geological events. For functional analyses, the rhcJ genes of ORS3257, SUTN9-2, DOA9, and USDA110 were disrupted. These mutations had cultivar-specific effects on nodulation properties. The T3SSs of ORS3257 and DOA9 showed negative effects on V. radiata nodulation, while the T3SS of SUTN9-2 showed no effect on V. radiata symbiosis. In the roots of V. radiata CN72, the expression levels of the PR1 gene after inoculation with ORS3257 and DOA9 were significantly higher than those after inoculation with ORS3257 ΩT3SS, DOA9 ΩT3SS, and SUTN9-2. The T3Es from ORS3257 and DOA9 could trigger PR1 expression, which ultimately leads to abort nodulation. In contrast, the T3E from SUTN9-2 reduced PR1 expression. It seems that the mutualistic relationship between SUTN9-2 and V. radiata may have led to the selection of the most well-adapted combination of T3SS and symbiotic bradyrhizobial genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pongdet Piromyou
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural TechnologySuranaree University of TechnologyNakhon RatchasimaThailand
| | - Pongpan Songwattana
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural TechnologySuranaree University of TechnologyNakhon RatchasimaThailand
| | - Kamonluck Teamtisong
- The Center for Scientific and Technological EquipmentSuranaree University of TechnologyNakhon RatchasimaThailand
| | - Panlada Tittabutr
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural TechnologySuranaree University of TechnologyNakhon RatchasimaThailand
| | - Nantakorn Boonkerd
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural TechnologySuranaree University of TechnologyNakhon RatchasimaThailand
| | - Piyada Alisha Tantasawat
- School of Crop Production Technology, Institute of Agricultural TechnologySuranaree University of TechnologyNakhon RatchasimaThailand
| | - Eric Giraud
- IRD, Laboratory of Tropical and Mediterranean SymbiosesUMR IRD/SupAgro/INRA/UM2/CIRAD, Campus International de BaillarguetMontpellierFrance
| | | | - Neung Teaumroong
- School of Biotechnology, Institute of Agricultural TechnologySuranaree University of TechnologyNakhon RatchasimaThailand
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15
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diCenzo GC, Zamani M, Checcucci A, Fondi M, Griffitts JS, Finan TM, Mengoni A. Multidisciplinary approaches for studying rhizobium–legume symbioses. Can J Microbiol 2019; 65:1-33. [DOI: 10.1139/cjm-2018-0377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The rhizobium–legume symbiosis is a major source of fixed nitrogen (ammonia) in the biosphere. The potential for this process to increase agricultural yield while reducing the reliance on nitrogen-based fertilizers has generated interest in understanding and manipulating this process. For decades, rhizobium research has benefited from the use of leading techniques from a very broad set of fields, including population genetics, molecular genetics, genomics, and systems biology. In this review, we summarize many of the research strategies that have been employed in the study of rhizobia and the unique knowledge gained from these diverse tools, with a focus on genome- and systems-level approaches. We then describe ongoing synthetic biology approaches aimed at improving existing symbioses or engineering completely new symbiotic interactions. The review concludes with our perspective of the future directions and challenges of the field, with an emphasis on how the application of a multidisciplinary approach and the development of new methods will be necessary to ensure successful biotechnological manipulation of the symbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- George C. diCenzo
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, FI 50019, Italy
| | - Maryam Zamani
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Alice Checcucci
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, FI 50019, Italy
| | - Marco Fondi
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, FI 50019, Italy
| | - Joel S. Griffitts
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Turlough M. Finan
- Department of Biology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Alessio Mengoni
- Department of Biology, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, FI 50019, Italy
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16
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Nguyen HP, Ratu STN, Yasuda M, Göttfert M, Okazaki S. InnB, a Novel Type III Effector of Bradyrhizobium elkanii USDA61, Controls Symbiosis With Vigna Species. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:3155. [PMID: 30619219 PMCID: PMC6305347 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Bradyrhizobium elkanii USDA61 is incompatible with mung bean (Vigna radiata cv. KPS1) and soybean (Glycine max cv. BARC2) and unable to nodulate either plant. This incompatibility is due to the presence of a functional type III secretion system (T3SS) that translocates effector protein into host cells. We previously identified five genes in B. elkanii that are responsible for its incompatibility with KPS1 plants. Among them, a novel gene designated as innB exhibited some characteristics associated with the T3SS and was found to be responsible for the restriction of nodulation on KPS1. In the present study, we further characterized innB by analysis of gene expression, protein secretion, and symbiotic phenotypes. The innB gene was found to encode a hypothetical protein that is highly conserved among T3SS-harboring rhizobia. Similar to other rhizobial T3SS-associated genes, the expression of innB was dependent on plant flavonoids and a transcriptional regulator TtsI. The InnB protein was secreted via the T3SS and was not essential for secretion of other nodulation outer proteins. In addition, T3SS-dependent translocation of InnB into nodule cells was confirmed by an adenylate cyclase assay. According to inoculation tests using several Vigna species, InnB promoted nodulation of at least one V. mungo cultivar. These results indicate that innB encodes a novel type III effector controlling symbiosis with Vigna species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hien P Nguyen
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Safirah T N Ratu
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiko Yasuda
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michael Göttfert
- Institute of Genetics, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Shin Okazaki
- United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan.,Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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