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Nugraha GS, Sunardi E, Haryanto I, Adhiperdana BG, Fakhruddin R, Fitriany R, Gunarsih D. Facies analysis, biostratigraphy, and provenance of the late Neogene Seulimeum Formation, Northwest Aceh basin, Sumatra (Indonesia). Heliyon 2023; 9:e20032. [PMID: 37809546 PMCID: PMC10559781 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A sedimentological, biostratigraphic, and petrographical investigation was conducted on exposed sedimentary rocks in the Seulimeum Formation in the Northwest Aceh Basin, Sumatra. Sedimentary facies analysis suggests a deep-marine depositional environment consists of an inner fan, middle fan, and outer fan to basin plain deposits. New foraminiferal data designated a late Miocene to early Pleistocene age for the studied rock unit, equivalent to N17 to N21 zone, with paleobathymetry in the bathyal environment. Petrographically, the sandstone of the Seulimeum Formation is included as subarkose, sublithic arenite, and lithic arenite, or classified as litho-quartzose, feldspatho-litho-quartzose, and litho-feldspatho-quartzose. Provenance analysis suggests that the origin of the sandstones is from the arc orogen sources. Furthermore, it is concluded that the development of the GSF zone in the late Neogene controls the formation of the deep-marine depositional setting. The west-south-west part of the fault is the footwall part (the Barisan Mountains), as the main high area of sedimentary source material consisting dominantly of the Woyla Group, with some contributions from Bentaro volcanic and Paleogene to early Neogene sediments. Our findings also suggest that the beginning of the Great Sumatran Fault, which corresponds with the uplift of the Barisan Mountains in the northern part of Sumatra, took place in the late Miocene, between 8.6 and 5.9 Ma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gartika Setiya Nugraha
- Geological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
- Faculty of Geology Engineering, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jln. Raya Bandung Sumedang Km 21, Jatinangor, 45363, Indonesia
| | - Edy Sunardi
- Faculty of Geology Engineering, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jln. Raya Bandung Sumedang Km 21, Jatinangor, 45363, Indonesia
| | - Iyan Haryanto
- Faculty of Geology Engineering, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jln. Raya Bandung Sumedang Km 21, Jatinangor, 45363, Indonesia
| | - Billy Gumelar Adhiperdana
- Faculty of Geology Engineering, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jln. Raya Bandung Sumedang Km 21, Jatinangor, 45363, Indonesia
| | - Rakhmat Fakhruddin
- Research Center for Geological Resources, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jln. Cisitu, Sangkuriang Bandung, Jawa Barat, 40135, Indonesia
| | - Ria Fitriany
- Faculty of Geology Engineering, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jln. Raya Bandung Sumedang Km 21, Jatinangor, 45363, Indonesia
| | - Dina Gunarsih
- Geological Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, 23111, Indonesia
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Jamil M, Siddiqui NA, Usman M, Wahid A, Umar M, Ahmed N, Haq IU, El‐Ghali MAK, Imran QS, Rahman AHA, Zhang S. Facies analysis and distribution of Late Palaeogene deep‐water massive sandstones in submarine‐fan lobes, NW Borneo. GEOLOGICAL JOURNAL 2022; 57:4489-4507. [DOI: 10.1002/gj.4553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Deep‐water massive sandstones (DWMS) are characterized by large volumes of sand accumulations which are considered as potential reservoir intervals in deep‐marine environments. Lithological variations and bed thickness statistics are used to interpret the distribution of massive sandstones in a deep‐marine fan‐lobe system. These massive sandstones are interpreted based on lithological heterogeneities and detailed facies analysis in seventeen exposed sections of the Late Palaeogene deposits in Sabah, NW Borneo. Sedimentary logs containing details of lithology textures and structures were used to recognize nine sedimentary facies of DWMS. These lithofacies were then grouped into three sedimentary facies associations: (1) massive facies association with basal part of turbiditic Bouma sequence, (2) massive facies association having soft‐sediment deformation structures, and (3) massive facies association with erosional features. The facies analysis portrays inner to middle submarine fan deposition and was later applied to reconstruct the distribution of a channel‐lobe complex. Individual sandstone bed thicknesses vary from 1 m to more than 8 m and the number of massive sandstones in submarine lobes range from less than 10% to more than 50%. The thicknesses of massive sandstones in channels are more than 8 m, whereas distal lobes have thicknesses from 1–2 m only. These sandstones are concentrated in channels, proximal and medial lobe settings that can also be verified from calculating the average of all maximum thickness of massive sand intervals that is, 8.91 m. The lithological heterogeneities and the processes associated with the deposition of these massive sandstones are vital for potential hydrocarbon reservoirs in the deep‐marine environments around the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Jamil
- Department of Geosciences Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Seri Iskandar Perak Malaysia
- Department of Earth Sciences COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus Abbottabad Pakistan
| | - Numair Ahmed Siddiqui
- Department of Geosciences Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Seri Iskandar Perak Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Usman
- School of Geosciences China University of Petroleum East China China
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of Milano‐Bicocca Milan Italy
| | - Ali Wahid
- Institute of Geology University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Muzaffarabad Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umar
- Department of Earth Sciences The University of Haripur Haripur Pakistan
| | - Nisar Ahmed
- Department of Geosciences Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Seri Iskandar Perak Malaysia
| | - Izhar Ul Haq
- Department of Geosciences Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Seri Iskandar Perak Malaysia
| | | | - Qazi Sohail Imran
- Department of Geosciences Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Seri Iskandar Perak Malaysia
| | - Abdul Hadi Abd Rahman
- Department of Geosciences Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS Seri Iskandar Perak Malaysia
| | - Shiqi Zhang
- School of Geosciences China University of Petroleum East China China
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Bailey I, Hemming S, Reilly BT, Rollinson G, Williams T, Weber ME, Raymo ME, Peck VL, Ronge TA, Brachfeld S, O'Connell S, Tauxe L, Warnock JP, Armbrecht L, Cardillo FG, Du Z, Fauth G, Garcia M, Glueder A, Guitard M, Gutjahr M, Hernández‐Almeida I, Hoem FS, Hwang J, Iizuka M, Kato Y, Kenlee B, Martos YM, Pérez LF, Seki O, Tripathi S, Zheng X. Episodes of Early Pleistocene West Antarctic Ice Sheet Retreat Recorded by Iceberg Alley Sediments. PALEOCEANOGRAPHY AND PALEOCLIMATOLOGY 2022; 37:e2022PA004433. [PMID: 36247355 PMCID: PMC9544630 DOI: 10.1029/2022pa004433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Ice loss in the Southern Hemisphere has been greatest over the past 30 years in West Antarctica. The high sensitivity of this region to climate change has motivated geologists to examine marine sedimentary records for evidence of past episodes of West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) instability. Sediments accumulating in the Scotia Sea are useful to examine for this purpose because they receive iceberg-rafted debris (IBRD) sourced from the Pacific- and Atlantic-facing sectors of West Antarctica. Here we report on the sedimentology and provenance of the oldest of three cm-scale coarse-grained layers recovered from this sea at International Ocean Discovery Program Site U1538. These layers are preserved in opal-rich sediments deposited ∼1.2 Ma during a relatively warm regional climate. Our microCT-based analysis of the layer's in-situ fabric confirms its ice-rafted origin. We further infer that it is the product of an intense but short-lived episode of IBRD deposition. Based on the petrography of its sand fraction and the Phanerozoic 40Ar/39Ar ages of hornblende and mica it contains, we conclude that the IBRD it contains was likely sourced from the Weddell Sea and/or Amundsen Sea embayment(s) of West Antarctica. We attribute the high concentrations of IBRD in these layers to "dirty" icebergs calved from the WAIS following its retreat inland from its modern grounding line. These layers also sit at the top of a ∼366-m thick Pliocene and early Pleistocene sequence that is much more dropstone-rich than its overlying sediments. We speculate this fact may reflect that WAIS mass-balance was highly dynamic during the ∼41-kyr (inter)glacial world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Bailey
- Camborne School of MinesUniversity of ExeterPenryn CampusCornwallUK
| | - Sidney Hemming
- Lamont‐Doherty Earth ObservatoryColumbia UniversityPalisadesNYUSA
| | - Brendan T. Reilly
- Scripps Institution of OceanographyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | - Gavyn Rollinson
- Camborne School of MinesUniversity of ExeterPenryn CampusCornwallUK
| | - Trevor Williams
- International Ocean Discovery ProgramTexas AM UniversityCollege StationTXUSA
| | - Michael E. Weber
- Department of Geochemistry and PetrologyInstitute for GeosciencesUniversity of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Maureen E. Raymo
- Lamont‐Doherty Earth ObservatoryColumbia UniversityPalisadesNYUSA
| | | | - Thomas A. Ronge
- Alfred‐Wegener‐Institut Helmholtz‐Zentrum für Polar‐und MeeresforschungBremerhavenGermany
| | | | - Suzanne O'Connell
- Department of Earth and Environmental SciencesWesleyan UniversityMiddletownCTUSA
| | - Lisa Tauxe
- Scripps Institution of OceanographyUniversity of California San DiegoLa JollaCAUSA
| | | | - Linda Armbrecht
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic StudiesUniversity of TasmaniaBattery PointTASAustralia
| | - Fabricio G. Cardillo
- Departmento OceanografiaServicio de Hidrografia NavalMinisterio de DefensaBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Zhiheng Du
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric ScienceNorthwest Institute of Eco‐Environment and ResourcesLanzhouChina
| | - Gerson Fauth
- Geology ProgramUniversity of Vale do Rio dos SinosSão LeopoldoBrazil
| | - Marga Garcia
- Andalusian Institute of Earth Science (CSIC‐UGR)GranadaSpain
- Cádiz Oceanographic Centre (IEO‐CSIC)CádizSpain
| | - Anna Glueder
- College of Earth, Ocean, and Atmospheric SciencesOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
| | - Michelle Guitard
- College of Marine ScienceUniversity of South FloridaSt. PetersburgFLUSA
| | - Marcus Gutjahr
- GEOMARHelmholtz Centre for Ocean ResearchUniversity of KielKielGermany
| | | | - Frida S. Hoem
- Department of Earth Science, Marine Palynology and PaleoceanographyUtrecht UniversityUtrechtThe Netherlands
| | - Ji‐Hwan Hwang
- Earth Environmental SciencesKorea Basic Science InstituteChungbuk CheongjuRepublic of Korea
| | | | - Yuji Kato
- Faculty of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of TsukubaTsukubaJapan
| | - Bridget Kenlee
- Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of California RiversideRiversideCAUSA
| | - Yasmina M. Martos
- NASA Goddard Space Flight CenterPlanetary Magnetospheres LaboratoryGreenbeltMDUSA
- Department of AstronomyUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMDUSA
| | - Lara F. Pérez
- British Antarctic SurveyCambridgeUK
- Department of Marine GeologyGeological Survey of Denmark and GreenlandAarhus University CityAarhusDenmark
| | - Osamu Seki
- Institute of Low Temperature ScienceHokkaido UniversitySapporoJapan
| | - Shubham Tripathi
- Marine Stable Isotope LabNational Centre for Polar and Ocean ResearchMinistry of Earth SciencesVasco Da GamaIndia
| | - Xufeng Zheng
- South China Sea Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhouChina
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Organic Matter Burial in Deep-Sea Fans: A Depositional Process-Based Perspective. JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/jmse10050682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Organic matter burial in the deep-sea fan sediments is an important component of the long-term carbon cycle. Although there is increasing recognition of the importance of organic matter in deep-sea sediments, a major focus has been on mudstones, commonly interpreted as the background sediments, deposited by pelagic or hemipelagic vertical suspension fallout in low-energy fan environments. Emerging evidence suggests that relatively coarse-grained sediment gravity flow deposits (e.g., turbidites and hybrid event beds) can also store a significant quantity of organic carbon, implying that a wide range of depositional processes can result in the concentration and enrichment of organic matter in submarine fans. However, the role of these processes on carbon burial is still not fully understood. This review aims to discuss the impact of three widely documented deep-sea depositional mechanisms/processes, namely vertical suspension settling, grain-by-grain (incremental aggradation), and the en-masse deposition on distribution, burial, and preservation of organic matter in deep-marine deposits. Organic matter accumulated from slowly settling suspension in mud caps (Te or H5 divisions of turbidites and hybrid beds, respectively) is prone to higher oxidation compared to the carbon buried in sandy components of turbidity currents (Ta-Tc units) and hybrid beds (H2/H3 divisions). The burial of organic matter in sandy parts of the deposits has important implications for understanding the fundamental physical processes that control carbon accumulation and preservation in deep-marine rock record.
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