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Kinderlehrer DA. Anorexia Nervosa Caused by Polymicrobial Tick-Borne Infections: A Case Study. Int Med Case Rep J 2021; 14:279-287. [PMID: 34007219 PMCID: PMC8121620 DOI: 10.2147/imcrj.s311516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiology of anorexia nervosa (AN) is multifactorial, and infections may play a contributory and possibly a prominent role. A case is presented which is indicative of a causal association between tick-borne infections and AN. This adolescent female was diagnosed with AN at an eating disorder clinic after excessive food restriction and an irrational fear of weight gain necessitating nasogastric tube feeding. Her history was consistent with systemic infections and she tested serologically positive to Borrelia burgdorferi, Babesia microti, and Mycoplasma pneumoniae; in addition, her clinical presentation was consistent with a Bartonella infection. After treatment with oral and intravenous antimicrobials, she stopped food restriction and no longer had body image concerns. Physicians should be aware of the possibility that tick-borne infections could underly a diagnosis of AN. The role of tick-borne infections in the etiology of AN warrants further study.
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Ali AH, Damman J, Shah SB, Davies Y, Hurwitz M, Stephen M, Lemos LM, Carey EJ, Lindor KD, Buness CW, Alrabadi L, Berquist WE, Cox KL. Open-label prospective therapeutic clinical trials: oral vancomycin in children and adults with primary sclerosing cholangitis. Scand J Gastroenterol 2020; 55:941-950. [PMID: 32633158 DOI: 10.1080/00365521.2020.1787501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral vancomycin (OV) in primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) has been evaluated as a potential therapeutic agent. We report the long-term biochemical course and outcomes of patients with PSC treated with OV. METHODS Patients were enrolled in 2 open-label clinical trials (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01802073 and NCT01322386) and offered OV at 50 mg/kg/day in 3 divided doses if weight <30kg, and 500 mg 3 times/day if weight ≥30kg. Patients with biliary strictures requiring stenting or awaiting liver transplant were excluded. Liver biochemistry, MRCP and histology were documented at baseline and while on OV. The primary outcome was a decrease in elevated gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and/or alanine aminotransferase (ALT) from baseline. RESULTS 30 subjects were enrolled, and 29 additional subjects who learned of the clinical trial requested OV (total n = 59; median age was 13.5 years [range, 1.5-44 years]; 64.4% were male; and 94.9% had inflammatory bowel disease [IBD]). The median treatment duration was 2.7 years (range, 0.2-14 years). Ninety-six percent (57/59), 81.3% (48/59), and 94.9% (56/59) experienced reduction of GGT, ALP, and ALT, respectively. Furthermore, 39% (23/59), 22% (13/59), and 55.9% (33/59) experienced normalization of GGT, ALP, and ALT, respectively, within the first 6 months of OV treatment. One patient underwent liver transplantation 8 years after beginning OV treatment, and one developed biliary strictures requiring endoscopic intervention. OV was well-tolerated by patients, and no patient developed treatment-related adverse events. CONCLUSION In PSC, OV was well-tolerated and was associated with improvement in liver chemistry. A randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Hassan Ali
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA.,Division of Hepatology, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO, USA.,Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX, USA
| | - Jennifer Damman
- Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Shamita B Shah
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA.,Division of Gastroenterology, Ochsner Clinic Foundation, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Yinka Davies
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Melissa Hurwitz
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Mariam Stephen
- Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Leta M Lemos
- Sacramento Pediatric Gastroenterology, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Carey
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA
| | - Keith D Lindor
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, USA.,College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Cynthia W Buness
- National Patient Advocate Foundation, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | - Leina Alrabadi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - William E Berquist
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Kenneth L Cox
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
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