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Alomran AA, Althubaiti KA, Alabdullah HA, Al Bisher HB, Awadh A, Al Shankiti HA, Almazyad L, Aljandul LA, Aljohani AT, Dhafar OW, Alzahrani ZA, Kharaba AM. Body Mass Index as a Predictor of COVID-19 Severity in ICU Patients in Saudi Arabia: A Retrospective Analysis. Cureus 2024; 16:e52470. [PMID: 38371162 PMCID: PMC10873537 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The global coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has prompted research into various risk factors, including the role of body mass index (BMI) in disease severity. This study specifically examines the correlation between BMI and the severity of COVID-19 among intensive care unit (ICU) patients in Saudi Arabia, addressing a gap in region-specific data. The study aims to assess the impact of BMI on the severity of COVID-19 in a Saudi Arabian ICU patient cohort, providing insights into how this relationship varies in different demographic contexts. Materials and methods Employing a retrospective cohort design, the study analyzed data from adult ICU patients in Saudi Arabia diagnosed with COVID-19. It focused on variables like BMI at admission, demographic information, and COVID-19 outcomes including severity, recovery, and mortality. Statistical analysis involved regression models, adjusting for age, gender, and comorbidities. Results Unlike global observations, the study found no significant correlation between BMI and COVID-19 severity in the Saudi Arabian context. This suggests that in this specific demographic, other factors may be more critical in determining the severity of the disease. Conclusion Our findings challenge the global consensus on BMI as a key factor in COVID-19 severity, highlighting the importance of regional differences in disease dynamics. They underscore the need for localized healthcare strategies and further research into diverse demographic factors affecting COVID-19. This study contributes to a broader understanding of the pandemic and encourages region-specific approaches in both clinical and public health spheres.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Heba B Al Bisher
- College of Medicine and Medical Science, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, BHR
| | - Atheer Awadh
- College of Medicine, Taif University, Taif , SAU
| | | | - Laura Almazyad
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Leen A Aljandul
- College of Medicine, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Abrar T Aljohani
- Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Sciences, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Obay W Dhafar
- Internal Medicine, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah, SAU
| | | | - Ayman M Kharaba
- Internal Medicine Intensive Critical Care Unit, King Fahad Hospital, Madinah, SAU
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Alhaid T, Alkathem JA, Humedi AM, Alatawi AA, Alradady RA, Mohamed M, Kharaba AM. Age and Comorbidity Profiles as Predictors of Mechanical Ventilation Duration in COVID-19 ICU Patients: A Retrospective Study in Saudi Arabia. Cureus 2024; 16:e52976. [PMID: 38406015 PMCID: PMC10893997 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the critical importance of understanding factors that impact outcomes for intensive care unit patients, especially those necessitating mechanical ventilation. This study aims to examine the influence of age and comorbidities on the duration of mechanical ventilation among COVID-19 patients in ICU settings, building on existing research that indicates the significant effects of these factors on patient outcomes. Methods A retrospective observational study was conducted involving COVID-19 patients in ICU who required mechanical ventilation. Selection criteria included ICU admission and the necessity for mechanical ventilation. Data collection focused on patient demographics, specifically age and comorbidities such as diabetes and hypertension, alongside the total duration of mechanical ventilation. The analysis utilized descriptive statistics, comparative methods, and regression modeling. Results The analysis revealed that older patients and those with certain comorbidities, notably diabetes and hypertension, typically experienced prolonged periods of mechanical ventilation. These findings are consistent with existing literature, underscoring the critical role of age and comorbidity in the management of COVID-19, in ICU patients. Conclusion This study sheds light on the significant factors influencing the duration of mechanical ventilation in COVID-19 ICU patients. The results emphasize the need for personalized treatment approaches in the ICU, particularly for older patients and those with specific comorbidities. These insights have substantial implications for clinical practice and public health, indicating the necessity for adaptable ventilation strategies and informed resource allocation. Furthermore, the findings pave the way for future research aimed at optimizing treatment protocols for diverse patient demographics in critical care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taqi Alhaid
- Department of Medicine, Intensive Care Unit, King Faisal University, Hofuf, SAU
| | - Jafar A Alkathem
- Department of Internal Medicine, King Faisal University, Hofuf, SAU
| | | | | | - Rahaf A Alradady
- Department of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Mazen Mohamed
- Department of Surgery, Ibn Sina Medical National College, Jeddah, SAU
| | - Ayman M Kharaba
- Department of Critical Care, King Fahad Hospital, Madinah, SAU
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