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Sun IG, Duangthip D, Zheng FM, Luo BW, Lo ECM, Chu CH. A randomised clinical trial to arrest caries using silver diamine fluoride therapy with two postoperative instructions. J Dent 2024; 149:105308. [PMID: 39137876 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to investigate the beneficial effect of not rinsing for 30 min in arresting early childhood caries after SDF therapy. METHODS This randomised clinical trial recruited 3- to 4-year-old kindergarten children with active (soft) dentine caries. A questionnaire was sent to the parents to collect children's demographic data and oral health-related behaviours. A dentist conducted an oral examination and measured the caries experience using dmft index and oral hygiene using visible plaque index. After 38 % SDF therapy, the children were randomly allocated into two groups. Children in group A were instructed to rinse with water immediately, whereas children in group B were asked to refrain from rinsing, drinking, or eating for 30 min. After six months, the same examiner determined the lesion activity (active/arrest) of the SDF-treated carious tooth surface. Generalized Estimating Equations was used to compare the proportion of caries arrest (caries-arrest rate) between the two groups. RESULTS This study recruited 298 children with 1,158 decayed tooth surfaces receiving SDF therapy at baseline and evaluated 275 (92 %) children with 1,069 (92 %) SDF-treated tooth-surface at the six-month examination. The demographic background, oral hygiene and caries status of two groups were comparable at baseline (p > 0.05). The caries-arrest rate for group A and group B were 65 % (337/519) and 61 % (338/550), respectively (p = 0.28). CONCLUSION This randomised clinical trial found not rinsing for 30 min after SDF therapy is not better than immediate rinsing in arresting early childhood caries. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Topical SDF application leaves an unpleasant taste in the mouth, which may affect the acceptance or even rejection of SDF therapy among young children. This study provides clinicians with information to make their decision on postoperative instruction after SDF therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy Guofang Sun
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Duangporn Duangthip
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Faith Miaomiao Zheng
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Bella Weijia Luo
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Edward Chin Man Lo
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China
| | - Chun Hung Chu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China.
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Chai HH, Sun IG, Duangthip D, Gao SS, Lo ECM, Chu CH. Oral Health-Related Quality of Life of Hong Kong Kindergarten Children Receiving Silver Diamine Fluoride Therapy. Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:248. [PMID: 39195092 DOI: 10.3390/dj12080248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The objective of this prospective 12-month observational study is to examine the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) among Hong Kong young children aged 3-4 years old receiving silver diamine fluoride (SDF) therapy for carious upper anterior primary teeth. A parental questionnaire was used to collect each child's sociodemographic background and oral health habits at baseline. Data on parents' satisfaction with their child's dental aesthetics were collected at baseline and during a 12-month visit. The Chinese Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (C-ECOHIS) was used to measure OHRQoL. A trained dentist performed examinations and recorded caries experience (dmft) and oral hygiene (visible plaque index) at baseline and 12 months. SDF was applied to the carious lesions. Out of 286 invited children, 248 (87%, 248/286) participated, and 211 (85%, 211/248) attended the 12-month examination. All SDF-treated carious lesions were discoloured at the 12-month examination. Regression analysis showed that the baseline C-ECOHIS score was associated with dmft (p < 0.001). The baseline and 12-month C-ECOHIS scores were 4.6 ± 5.5 and 5.0 ± 5.6, respectively (p = 0.42). The scores for parental satisfaction with dental aesthetics at baseline and 12 months were 59% to 46% (p < 0.001). Satisfaction was negatively associated with the number of discoloured upper anterior teeth (p < 0.001). In conclusion, SDF discoloured the carious upper anterior teeth of the Hong Kong kindergarten children. However, the discoloured lesions had no significant effects on the OHRQoL of these children. However, more parents became dissatisfied with their child's dental aesthetics after SDF therapy. Hence, clinicians should inform parents well before they perform SDF therapy on children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ivy Guofang Sun
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Duangporn Duangthip
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Sherry Shiqian Gao
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
- Department of Stomatology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Edward Chin Man Lo
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Chun Hung Chu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China
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Shan Z, Liao C, Lu J, Yeung CPW, Li KY, Gu M, Chu CH, Yang Y. Improvement of parents' oral health knowledge by a school-based oral health promotion for parents of preschool children: a prospective observational study. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:890. [PMID: 37985988 PMCID: PMC10662391 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03567-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parents of preschool children have inadequate oral health knowledge in Hong Kong. Parents play a critical role in preschool children's dietary patterns and oral health behaviors. A school-based oral health promotion (OHP) for parents of preschoolers was developed and investigated. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to evaluate effects of the school-based OHP for parents of preschool children on parents' oral health knowledge and preschool children's early childhood caries (ECC). MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a quasi-experimental study. Parents of preschool children were divided into the intervention group (IG) and the control group (CG) according to their own selection. Parents in the IG participated in a structured school-based OHP workshop, while those in the CG did not attend the OHP workshop. Parents in both groups were invited to complete a questionnaire assessing their oral health knowledge before (T0), one month after (T1), and twelve months after (T2) the OHP workshop. Preschool children's caries was examined via dmft score at T0 and T2. RESULTS Parents' oral health knowledge was negatively correlated with preschool children's dmft scores (R = -0.200, P < 0.001). Oral health knowledge was significantly improved in IG (P < 0.001) but not in CG (P = 0.392) at T1. Both groups experienced a significant improvement in oral health knowledge from T0 to T2 (P < 0.001). Parents' oral health knowledge in the IG was significantly higher compared to the CG at T1 (P < 0.001), but difference in the scores at T2 between the two groups showed no significant difference (P = 0.727). No significant difference was found in changes in children's dmft score from T0 to T2 between the IG and CG (p = 0.545). CONCLUSION Preschool children's high ECC is associated with the limited oral health knowledge of their parents. The school-based OHP workshop for parents increased parents' oral health knowledge within one month. This positive effect was maintained for twelve months and can be extended to a larger scale in the school setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyi Shan
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chongshan Liao
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Stomatological Hospital and Dental School of Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajing Lu
- Taizhou Polytechnic College, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Kar Yan Li
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Min Gu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chun Hung Chu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yanqi Yang
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
- Paediatric Dentistry & Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, 34 Hospital Road, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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De la Hoz A, Melo L, Álvarez A, Cañada F, Cubero J. The Promotion of Healthy Hydration Habits through Educational Robotics in University Students. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2160. [PMID: 37570400 PMCID: PMC10419000 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11152160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, there has been a lack of healthy lifestyle habits in the population, including hydration, with negative consequences for health. At the same time, advances in technology have changed the process of teaching and learning since elementary school, highlighting the incorporation of educational robots as innovative resources in recent years. This study analyzes the state of the scientific knowledge presented by university students doing a university degree in Primary Education after a robotics-based educational intervention. The study adopted a quasi-experimental design with a qualitative approach, using category systems and a quantitative approach with descriptive and inferential (Chi-square and Contingency Coefficient) statistics. The results of the study show that the level of scientific knowledge has improved in the different scientific contents involved, highlighting the excellent level presented for the recommended daily volume of hydration. Innovative interventions, through digital resources such as Educational Robotics, are presented as possible alternatives to promoting the healthy habit of hydration, due the effective learning of biosanitary knowledge in the young population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Javier Cubero
- Health Education Laboratory, Department of Experimental Science and Mathematical Education, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; (A.D.l.H.); (L.M.); (A.Á.); (F.C.)
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Babar MG, Andiesta NS, Bilal S, Yusof ZYM, Doss JG, Pau A. A randomized controlled trial of 6-month dental home visits on 24-month caries incidence in preschool children. Community Dent Oral Epidemiol 2022; 50:559-569. [PMID: 35138648 DOI: 10.1111/cdoe.12710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This paper reports on the effect of 6-month dental home visits compared to no dental home visits on 24-month caries incidence in 5- to 6-year-olds. METHODS 5- to 6-year-olds attending kindergartens were randomized to receive either 6-month dental home visits and education leaflets (Intervention group) or education leaflets alone (Control group) over 24 months. To detect a 15% difference in caries incidence with a significance level of 5% and power of 80%, 88 children were calculated to be needed in the Intervention group and 88 in the Control. Baseline clinical data included oral examinations at the kindergartens. Follow-up visits were made on the 6th, 12th and 18th month. At the end of the 24 months, both the Intervention and Control groups were visited for oral examinations. The primary outcome was caries incidence, measured by the number and proportion of children who developed new caries in the primary molars after 24 months. The secondary outcome was the number of primary molars that developed new caries (d-pms). Frequency distributions of participants by baseline socio-demographic characteristics and caries experience were calculated. The chi-square test was used to test differences between the caries experience in the Intervention and Control groups. The t test was used to compare the mean number of primary molars developing new caries between the Intervention Group and the Control Group. The number of children needed to treat (NNT) was also calculated. RESULTS At the 24-month follow-up, 19 (14.4%) developed new caries in the Intervention Group, compared to 60 (60.0%) in the Control Group (p = .001). On average, 0.2 (95% CI = 0.1-0.3) tooth per child in the Intervention Group was observed to have developed new caries compared to 1.1 (95% CI = 0.8-1.3) tooth per child in the Control Group (p = .001). The number of children needed to treat (NNT) to prevent one child from developing new caries was 2.2. CONCLUSIONS The present study has demonstrated that 6-month home visits to families of 5- to 6-year-olds are effective in caries prevention in 5- to 6-year-olds of low-income families in a middle-income country where access to health services, including oral health promotion services, is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muneer Gohar Babar
- Clinical Oral Health Sciences Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Niekla Survia Andiesta
- Clinical Oral Health Sciences Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Sobia Bilal
- Clinical Oral Health Sciences Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Zamros Yuzadi Mohd Yusof
- Department of Community Oral Health & Clinical Prevention, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Jennifer Geraldine Doss
- Department of Community Oral Health & Clinical Prevention, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, 50603, Malaysia
| | - Allan Pau
- Clinical Oral Health Sciences Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
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Chai HH, Gao SS, Fung MHT, Duangthip D, Lo ECM, Chu CH. Principals' Perspectives on Joining a Kindergarten Outreach Dental Service: A Qualitative Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12452. [PMID: 36231752 PMCID: PMC9566290 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In this qualitative study, the researchers explored principals' perspectives on a free outreach dental service with silver diamine fluoride (SDF) therapy for children in kindergarten. Two researchers recruited kindergarten principals using purposive sampling. They conducted individual semi-structured interviews to collect the principals' perspectives regarding their adoption of and experience with the service. They manually transcribed the interview verbatim into text and followed a thematic approach for data analysis. The researchers interviewed eight principals. The principals identified the prevalent caries status and importance of oral health promotion for kindergarten children. They acknowledged that the service enhanced dental knowledge, fostered oral hygiene practice and improved children's oral health. To adopt this service, they needed to ensure adequate capacity to perform the service. They had no concern with staining by SDF because the parents were informed and consented to the SDF therapy. They appreciated the free service provided by a professional team managed by a reputable university. In conclusion, the principals were generally satisfied with the outreach dental service. They realised the necessity of oral health promotion. They found that parents accepted the SDF therapy although the SDF stained their children's carious teeth. They needed support from their teachers and the children's parents to run the service.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hollis Haotian Chai
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Stomatology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Sherry Shiqian Gao
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Stomatology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | | | | | | | - Chun-Hung Chu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Wang Q, Qu X, Houser SH, Zhang Y, Tian M, Zhang Q, Zhang W. Caries Risk Assessment and Dental Referral by Paediatric Primary Care Physicians in Sichuan Province, China: A Cross-Sectional Study. Risk Manag Healthc Policy 2022; 15:1641-1650. [PMID: 36092548 PMCID: PMC9450904 DOI: 10.2147/rmhp.s362004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Limited information is known about dental implementation by pediatric primary care physicians (PCPs) at the primary care level in China. This study aimed to explore the current status of primary oral care implementation and related influencing factors. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among PCPs in Sichuan Province, China. Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyse factors associated with CRA and dental referral for high caries-risk children. Results A total of 504 out of 524 questionnaires remained for analysis. In all, 93.8% of PCPs reported that they usually or sometimes performed dental screening for children, 31.3% performed CRA, and 49.0% referred high caries-risk children to dentists. More CRA activities were associated with PCPs who encountered a greater number of children with caries during systematic care (adjusted OR: 2.37, 95% CI:[1.08,5.18], had dental knowledge training by pediatric dentists (aOR: 2.26, 95% CI:[1.36, 3.75], and learned pediatric dental knowledge on their own (aOR: 2.87, 95% CI: [1.51, 5.45]). In addition to the above associators, a higher rate of dental referrals for high caries-risk children was associated with having a dental department in the same work institute (aOR: 1.72, 95% CI: [1.09, 2.70] and having more confidence in their dental knowledge (aOR: 1.29, 95% CI: [1.04, 1.61]). Conclusion Paediatric PCPs commonly implement dental screening but perform fewer CRAs and dental referrals for high caries-risk children during systematic health management in western China. To increase CRA activities and dental referral by paediatric PCPs, health policymakers could encourage interdisciplinary cooperation between dental professionals and paediatric PCPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyu Wang
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- HEOA Group, Institute for Healthy Cities and West China Research Center for Rural Health Development, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xing Qu
- Institute of Hospital Management, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Xing Qu, Institute of Hospital Management, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, No. 37 Guoxue Lane, Chengdu, 610041, People’s Republic of China, +86 13880713452, Email
| | - Shannon H Houser
- Department of Health Services Administration, the University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Maternity and Child Health Management, Sichuan Provincial Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meirong Tian
- Institute of Hospital Management, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Institute of Hospital Management, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
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Parental perspectives on the use of silver diamine fluoride therapy to arrest early childhood caries in kindergarten outreach dental services: A qualitative study. J Dent 2022; 125:104250. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Zheng FM, Yan IG, Duangthip D, Gao SS, Lo ECM, Chu CH. Prevalence of Untreated Early Childhood Caries of 5-Year-Old Children in Hong Kong: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182211934. [PMID: 34831697 PMCID: PMC8625624 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182211934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This cross-sectional survey investigated untreated early childhood caries (ECC) and its associated factors among 5-year-old children in Hong Kong. Children were recruited using a multistage sampling method. One dentist examined the children in kindergarten to diagnose untreated ECC (dt) at the cavitation level. Each child’s demographic information, snacking behaviour, and oral health-related practice were collected using a parental questionnaire. The relationships between the untreated ECC and demographic information, snacking behaviours, and oral health-–related practice were analysed by zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB) regression analysis. This survey recruited 404 children. Their dt score was 2.8 ± 3.8. The significant untreated ECC (SiUC) index, which was one-third of the children with the highest dt score, was 7.1 ± 3.6. Their untreated ECC prevalence was 57%, which was associated with the district the child lived in. Most children with untreated ECC (71%, 164/231) had never visited a dentist. Children who brushed without toothpaste had more untreated ECC. Children coming from low-income families and with a lower maternal education level had a higher risk of ECC. In conclusion, untreated ECC was prevalent and unevenly distributed among 5-year-old children in Hong Kong. Its prevalence was associated with toothpaste use, family income, maternal education level and the district they lived in.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith Miaomiao Zheng
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (F.M.Z.); (I.G.Y.); (D.D.); (E.C.M.L.)
| | - Iliana Gehui Yan
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (F.M.Z.); (I.G.Y.); (D.D.); (E.C.M.L.)
| | - Duangporn Duangthip
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (F.M.Z.); (I.G.Y.); (D.D.); (E.C.M.L.)
| | - Sherry Shiqian Gao
- Department of Stomatology, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361000, China;
| | - Edward Chin Man Lo
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (F.M.Z.); (I.G.Y.); (D.D.); (E.C.M.L.)
| | - Chun Hung Chu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China; (F.M.Z.); (I.G.Y.); (D.D.); (E.C.M.L.)
- Correspondence:
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Guan M, Nada OA, Wu JJ, Sun JL, Li N, Chen LM, Dai TM. Dental Caries and Associated Factors in 3-5-Year-Old Children in Guizhou Province, China: An Epidemiological Survey (2015-2016). Front Public Health 2021; 9:747371. [PMID: 34660522 PMCID: PMC8514823 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.747371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to explore the factors influencing dental caries among 3-5-year-old children in Guizhou Province and the interrelationship between these factors using structural equation modeling, while providing theoretical references to improve the prevention and control strategy. Materials and Methods: A total of 1,291 children aged 3-5 years in Guizhou Province were selected by a multistage stratified and whole group random sampling to examine the caries prevalence in whole-mouth deciduous teeth crowns, and parents were surveyed with questionnaires to analyze the caries-related factors. IBM SPSS Statistics v 23.0 software (IBM, Armonk, NY, USA) was used for statistical analysis. Results: The caries prevalence of children aged 3-5 years in Guizhou Province was 63.1%, the mean decayed-missing-filled teeth was 3.32, the caries filling rate was 0.5%, and there was no statistically significant difference between urban and rural areas and among genders in each age group; results of logistic regression analysis showed that the caries risk increased with the following factors: age, brushing frequency <2 times per day when parents did not take their children to the dentist, and with parents poor evaluation of the oral condition of their children. The higher the education of the parent, the lower the risk of children suffering from caries in deciduous teeth. Conclusions: With an overall poor situation about oral hygiene habits, oral healthcare attitude of the parents, and behavior transformation, the prevalence of dental caries in the deciduous teeth of children aged 3-5 years in Guizhou Province is high, and their caries status was severe, with more than 99% of the caries cases that were untreated. Therefore, prevention and treatment measures of caries in preschool children need strengthening through the improvement of public awareness and the enhancement of the management of oral health habits of their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Guan
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guiyang Stomatological Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Ola A. Nada
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Juan-juan Wu
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guiyang Stomatological Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Jiang-ling Sun
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guiyang Stomatological Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Na Li
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Li-ming Chen
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guiyang Stomatological Hospital, Guiyang, China
| | - Tai-ming Dai
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guiyang Stomatological Hospital, Guiyang, China
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Chen J, Duangthip D, Gao SS, Huang F, Anthonappa R, Oliveira BH, Turton B, Durward C, El Tantawi M, Attia D, Heima M, Muthu MS, Maharani DA, Folayan MO, Phantumvanit P, Sitthisettapong T, Innes N, Crystal YO, Ramos-Gomez F, Medina AC, Lo ECM, Chu CH. Oral Health Policies to Tackle the Burden of Early Childhood Caries: A Review of 14 Countries/Regions. FRONTIERS IN ORAL HEALTH 2021; 2:670154. [PMID: 35048013 PMCID: PMC8757786 DOI: 10.3389/froh.2021.670154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: Early childhood caries (ECC) has significant public health implications but has received inadequate global attention. There is limited information regarding the success of oral health policies implemented to address the challenges of ECC. This review aimed to summarize such policies to tackle ECC from different countries/regions. Method: Independent collaborators from 14 countries/regions (Australia, Brazil, Cambodia, China, Hong Kong, Egypt, India, Indonesia, Japan, Nigeria, Thailand, UK, USA, and Venezuela) collected the data. The ECC status, dental workforce, oral health policies on ECC prevention in different countries/regions were summarized by each country. Results: The findings indicated that ECC prevalence varied in different countries/regions. The lowest prevalence of ECC among 5-year-old children was found in Nigeria (7%), and the highest was found in Indonesia (90%). The existing dental workforce and resources are limited in most countries. The smallest dentist to population ratio was reported by Nigeria at 1:48,400, whereas the highest ratio was in Brazil (1:600). Out of 14, three (21%) countries namely India, Venezuela and Cambodia had no national oral health policies addressing ECC and four (29%) countries (Cambodia, China, India, Venezuela) had no publicly funded dental care program for 0-5-year-old children. Water fluoridation is available in four countries/regions (Australia, Brazil, Hong Kong, USA). Conclusion: ECC remains a global health challenge and dental workforce is limited. National/regional programs to tackle ECC are not yet prioritized in many countries/regions. Evidence to support demonstration projects is limited. Further research on the cost-effectiveness of interventions strategies is required for policymakers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyi Chen
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | | | | | - Fang Huang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Robert Anthonappa
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | - Bathsheba Turton
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Callum Durward
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Maha El Tantawi
- Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Dina Attia
- Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Masahiro Heima
- Faculty of Dentistry, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Murugan Satta Muthu
- Centre for Early Childhood Caries Research (CECCRe), Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India
- Adjunct Research Associate, Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | | | | | | | | | - Nicola Innes
- School of Dentistry, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Yasmi O. Crystal
- College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Francisco Ramos-Gomez
- School of Dentistry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | | | | | - Chun Hung Chu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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