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Li X, Bae JH, Lim B, Seo JW, Sung Y, Jiang S, Jamrasi P, Ahn S, Shin C, Pan M, Song W. Impact of Taekwondo training on cognitive and physical function in elderly individuals: A comprehensive review of randomized controlled trials. Complement Ther Clin Pract 2024; 57:101878. [PMID: 38959563 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2024.101878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Researchers have investigated the physical and psychosocial advantages of Taekwondo for older adults. However, prior studies of Taekwondo's impact on physical function and psychological well-being in this demographic have produced inconsistent findings. Thus, this systematic review aimed to assess how Taekwondo practice affects the physical function and psychological well-being of older adults. METHODS We systematically searched PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, Scopus, Korea Education and Research Information Service, Korean Studies Information Service System, Korean National Assembly Library, Research Information Sharing Service, National Digital Science Library, and China National Knowledge Infrastructure from their inception to December 2023. Two reviewers independently selected and extracted data from each study. We calculated effect sizes using a random-effects model with a 95 % confidence interval (CI) and evaluated study quality using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale. RESULTS This review included ten studies with 227 participants aged 66.1-73.6 years. The meta-analysis revealed significant enhancements in cognitive function [Korean Version of Mini-Mental State Examination, standard mean difference (SMD) = 0.700, 95 % CI (0.364-1.037), I2 = 0 %, p < .001], blood indicators [β-amyloid, SMD = 0.613, 95 % CI (0.103-1.123), I2 = 34.920 %, p < .05; brain-derived neurotrophic factor, SMD = 0.566, 95 % CI (0.166-0.966), I2 = 0 %, p < .01; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, SMD = 0.677, 95 % CI (0.357-0.966), I2 = 0 %, p < .001; low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, SMD = 0.809, 95 % CI (0.376-1.242), I2 = 42.621 %, p < .001; and total cholesterol, SMD = 0.979, 95 % CI (0.603-1.356), I2 = 22.221 %, p < .001], and physical function [lean body mass, SMD = 0.465, 95 % CI (0.109-0.821), I2 = 0 %, p < .05, and handgrip strength, SMD = 0.929, 95 % CI (0.194-1.663), I2 = 48.217 %, p < .05]. CONCLUSIONS This meta-analysis indicates that Taekwondo training is a beneficial therapy with protective effects on cognitive function, physical function, and body composition in older adults. These findings highlight its potential significance in cognitive rehabilitation and physiological health promotion among this demographic population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxing Li
- Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute on Aging, Seoul National University, 03087, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Hyun Bae
- Institute of Sport Science, Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute on Aging, Seoul National University, 03087, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byunggul Lim
- Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute on Aging, Seoul National University, 03087, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Won Seo
- Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunho Sung
- Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shu Jiang
- Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Parivash Jamrasi
- Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - SoYoung Ahn
- Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chaeyoung Shin
- Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Mingzhu Pan
- School of Physical Education, Shangrao Normal University, 334001, Shangrao, Jiangxi, China
| | - Wook Song
- Health and Exercise Science Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute of Sport Science, Seoul National University, 08826, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Institute on Aging, Seoul National University, 03087, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Boyanmış AH, Kesilmiş İ, Akın M, Yilmaz B, Uslular A, Karac Ocal Y, Andre H. A Comparison of Different Strength Measurement in Taekwondo: Herman Trainer, Manual Tester, and Standing Long Jump. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:550. [PMID: 38674196 PMCID: PMC11052195 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60040550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objective: The accurate prediction of strength development relies on identifying the most appropriate measurement methods. This study compared diverse strength measurement techniques to assess their effectiveness in predicting strength development. Participants were taekwondo athletes competing at the red-black belt level or above. Methods: Technical striking forces (palding, dollyeo chagi, dwit chagi, and yeop chagi) were measured using a Herman Digital Trainer fixed to a striking stand. Quadriceps and hamstring strength were assessed with a Lafayette force measuring device. Explosive leg strength was evaluated through a standing long jump test, normalized for leg length. The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to examine relationships between measurement methods. Results: The standing long jump test showed no significant correlation with other strength assessments. A moderate positive correlation was found between Herman digital trainer measurements and Lafayette digital hand-held dynamometer results. A high positive correlation (r = 0.736, p < 0.001) emerged between hamstring strength and palding chagi technical strike force results. Technical strike kicks showed a significant positive correlation with each other and, also, a right foot-left foot correlation was observed. Conclusions: It was concluded that the standing long jump test, which was shown as one of the explosive leg strength measurement methods in field studies as an alternative to laboratory tests, did not correlate with other strength tests; therefore, this test is weak and insufficient to predict strength skills in taekwondo. In addition, this study showed that the hamstring muscle was more predictive in the measurement of technical strength. In future studies, it might be more useful to measure hamstring muscle strength or technical kick strength instead of a standing long jump field test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Hazal Boyanmış
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Mersin University, Mersin 33110, Turkey; (İ.K.); (M.A.); (B.Y.)
| | - İnci Kesilmiş
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Mersin University, Mersin 33110, Turkey; (İ.K.); (M.A.); (B.Y.)
| | - Manolya Akın
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Mersin University, Mersin 33110, Turkey; (İ.K.); (M.A.); (B.Y.)
| | - Buse Yilmaz
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Mersin University, Mersin 33110, Turkey; (İ.K.); (M.A.); (B.Y.)
| | - Aşina Uslular
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Kütahya Dumlupınar University, Kütahya 43100, Turkey;
| | - Yesim Karac Ocal
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat 66200, Turkey; (Y.K.O.); (H.A.)
| | - Hulya Andre
- Faculty of Sports Sciences, Yozgat Bozok University, Yozgat 66200, Turkey; (Y.K.O.); (H.A.)
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Ramos-Espinoza F, Muñoz-Vasquez C, Hernández-Martínez J, Lucero B, Herrera-Valenzuela T, Magnani Branco BH, Vásquez-Carrasco E, Cancino M, Valdés-Badilla P. Effects of combat sports on cognitive function in older people: a systematic review. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 2024; 64:301-310. [PMID: 38261333 DOI: 10.23736/s0022-4707.23.15578-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This systematic review aimed to analyze the available body of published peer-reviewed studies on the effects of combat sports compared with active/passive control on cognitive function and electrophysiological markers of brain activity in older people. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION The studies were searched in Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO databases from deadline to June 2023. The PRISMA, TESTEX, RoB, and GRADE scales assessed the evidence's methodological quality and certainty of evidence. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (code: CRD42022361695). EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS After reviewing 3768 studies, seven combat sports interventions (score ≥60% in methodological quality) were selected, composed of 381 older people (63% female), with a mean age of 66 years. In the selected studies, interventions based on judo, karate, and taekwondo were carried out, where it was not possible to verify the benefits of combat sports in cognitive function and electrophysiological markers of brain activity regarding active/passive control groups, although the individual results of the analyzed studies indicate that the practice of combat sports favor selective attention, divided attention, executive function, visual perception, and cognitive processing speed in older people. CONCLUSIONS The available evidence does not allow a definite recommendation regarding combat sports as an effective cognitive function intervention in older people.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cristopher Muñoz-Vasquez
- San Clemente Health Department, CESFAM Dr. Juan Carlos Baeza, Región del Maule, Chile
- Faculty of Education Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Jordán Hernández-Martínez
- Faculty of Education Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
- Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile
| | - Boris Lucero
- The Neuropsychology and Cognitive Neurosciences Research Center (CINPSI Neurocog), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Tomás Herrera-Valenzuela
- Department of Physical Activity, Sports and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Universidad de Santiago, Santiago, Chile
| | | | | | - Margarita Cancino
- Department of Psychology, Education Faculty, Social Sciences, and Humanities, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile
| | - Pablo Valdés-Badilla
- Department of Physical Activity Sciences, Faculty of Education Sciences, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile -
- School of Education, Universidad de Viña del Mar, Viña del Mar, Chile
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The Psychosocial Effects of Taekwondo Training: A Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182111427. [PMID: 34769961 PMCID: PMC8583609 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Taekwondo is a Korean martial art and international sport, and its psychosocial benefits for its trainees have been studied extensively. This review aims to systematically assess and meta-analyze the effects of Taekwondo training on sociality, character, etiquette, and school life adjustment. We searched the RISS, NDSL, and KISS electronic databases between January 1985 and December 2019. We also included gray literature, such as theses, in addition to peer-reviewed articles. R software (version 3.6.2, R Core Team, Vienna, Austria) was used to synthesize the effect sizes and perform moderation analyses. Twenty-eight studies (24 cross-sectional and four intervention studies) were included in the final meta-analysis. Significant positive effects of Taekwondo training were found on sociality (MD = 0.266, 95% CI: 0.191 to 0.341), character (MD = 0.446, 95% CI: 0.331–0.560), etiquette (MD = 0.562, 95% CI: 0.500–0.624), and school life adjustment (MD = 0.308, 95% CI: 0.195–0.421). Overall, the findings of this meta-analysis support that Taekwondo can have a positive impact on the psychosocial factors of trainees. Due to several limitations discussed, well-designed RCTs and multiple levels of Taekwondo intervention studies should be conducted in future research to validate the current findings.
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Effects of 16 Weeks of Taekwondo Training on the Cerebral Blood Flow Velocity, Circulating Neurotransmitters, and Subjective Well-Being of Obese Postmenopausal Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph182010789. [PMID: 34682534 PMCID: PMC8535195 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182010789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of Taekwondo training on the body composition, serum lipid profiles, plasma neurotransmitter levels, cerebral blood flow velocities, and subjective well-being of 24 obese postmenopausal women. The women were randomly assigned into the experimental (n = 12) and control (n = 12) groups. The experimental group underwent Taekwondo training five times per week for 16 weeks, while the control group did not. All participants underwent evaluation for the following parameters before and after the intervention: body composition; serum lipid profiles; plasma serotonin and dopamine levels; cerebral blood flow velocities; positive and negative affect schedule (PANAS) scores; satisfaction with life scale (SWLS) scores. After the intervention, it was observed that the weight, body mass index, body fat percentage, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and PANAS-NA (negative affect in the PANAS questionnaire) scores were significantly decreased (p < 0.05)—while the plasma serotonin levels were significantly increased (p < 0.05)—in the experimental group. Conversely, there were no significant changes in the cerebral blood flow velocities (p > 0.05). Taekwondo training can be effective in not only reducing obesity, but also in increasing the circulating neurotransmitters and enhancing the subjective well-being of obese postmenopausal women.
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