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Iorizzo M, Sicilia A, Nicolosi E, Forino M, Picariello L, Lo Piero AR, Vitale A, Monaco E, Ferlito F, Succi M, Tremonte P, Gambuti A, Villano C, Bonfante A, Aversano R, Coppola R. Investigating the impact of pedoclimatic conditions on the oenological performance of two red cultivars grown throughout southern Italy. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1250208. [PMID: 37780525 PMCID: PMC10540683 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1250208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The cultivated grapevine, Vitis vinifera subsp. vinifera, possesses a rich biodiversity with numerous varieties. Each variety adapts differently to varying pedoclimatic conditions, which greatly influence the terroir expression of wine regions. These conditions impact vine growth, physiology, and berry composition, ultimately shaping the unique characteristics and typicity of the wines produced. Nowadays, the potential of the different adaptation capacities of grape varieties has not yet been thoroughly investigated. We addressed this issue by studying two grape varieties, Aglianico and Cabernet Sauvignon, in two different pedoclimatic conditions of Southern Italy. We evaluated and compared the effect of different pedoclimatic conditions on plant physiology, the microbial quality of grapes using Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) technology, the expression trends of key genes in ripe berries and the concentration of phenolic compounds in grapes and wines by HPLC-MS, HPLC-DAD, NMR and spectrophotometric analyses. Metabolomic and microbiome data were integrated with quantitative gene expression analyses to examine varietal differences and plasticity of genes involved in important oenological pathways. The data collected showed that the phenotypic response of studied grapes in terms of vigor, production, and fruit quality is strongly influenced by the pedoclimatic conditions and, in particular, by soil physical properties. Furthermore, Aglianico grape variety was more influenced than the Cabernet Sauvignon by environmental conditions. In conclusion, the obtained findings not only reinforce the terroir concept and our comprehension of grape's ability to adapt to climate variations but can also have implications for the future usage of grape genetic resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Iorizzo
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Angelo Sicilia
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Nicolosi
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Martino Forino
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Division of Grape and Wine Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Avellino, Italy
| | - Luigi Picariello
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Division of Grape and Wine Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Avellino, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Vitale
- Institute for Mediterranean Agricultural and Forestry Systems, National Reaserch Council, Portici, Italy
| | - Eugenia Monaco
- Institute for Mediterranean Agricultural and Forestry Systems, National Reaserch Council, Portici, Italy
| | - Filippo Ferlito
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Olive, Fruit and Citrus Crops, Acireale, Italy
| | - Mariantonietta Succi
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Patrizio Tremonte
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
| | - Angelita Gambuti
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Division of Grape and Wine Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Avellino, Italy
| | - Clizia Villano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Division of Grape and Wine Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Avellino, Italy
| | - Antonello Bonfante
- Institute for Mediterranean Agricultural and Forestry Systems, National Reaserch Council, Portici, Italy
| | - Riccardo Aversano
- Department of Agricultural Sciences, Division of Grape and Wine Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Avellino, Italy
| | - Raffaele Coppola
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Sciences, University of Molise, Campobasso, Italy
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Forner-Giner MÁ, Ballesta-de Los Santos M, Melgarejo P, Martínez-Nicolás JJ, Núñez-Gómez D, Continella A, Legua P. Influence of Different Rootstocks on Fruit Quality and Primary and Secondary Metabolites Content of Blood Oranges Cultivars. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28104176. [PMID: 37241916 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28104176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Blood oranges have high concentrations of bioactive compounds that are beneficial to health. In Europe, the cultivation of blood oranges is increasing due to their excellent nutritional properties. In Citrus crops, rootstocks play an important role in juice and can increase the content of bioactive compounds. The morphological, qualitative and nutritional parameters were analyzed in cultivars 'Tarocco Ippolito', 'Tarocco Lempso', 'Tarocco Tapi' and 'Tarocco Fondaconuovo' grafted onto Citrus macrophylla and Citrus reshni. 'Tarocco Lempso' grafted onto Citrus macrophylla obtained the highest values of weight (275.78 g), caliber (81.37 mm and 76.79 mm) and juice content (162.11 g). 'Tarocco Tapi' grafted onto Citrus reshni obtained the most interesting qualitative parameters (15.40 °Brix; 12.0 MI). 'Tarocco Lempso' grafted onto Citrus reshni obtained the most intense red juice (a* = 9.61). Overall, the highest concentrations of primary metabolites were in proline, aspartate, citric acid, and sucrose. The results showed that 'Tarocco Ippolito' juice grafted onto Citrus reshni had the highest levels of total hydroxycinnamic acids (263.33 mg L-1), total flavones (449.74 mg L-1) and total anthocyanins (650.42 mg L-1). To conclude, 'Tarocco Lempso' grafted onto Citrus macrophylla obtained the best values of agronomic parameters, and the cultivars grafted onto Citrus reshni obtained significantly higher concentrations in primary and secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manuel Ballesta-de Los Santos
- Research Group in Plant Production and Technology, Plant Sciences and Microbiology Department, Miguel Hernández University (UMH), Carretera de Beniel, km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Spain
| | - Pablo Melgarejo
- Research Group in Plant Production and Technology, Plant Sciences and Microbiology Department, Miguel Hernández University (UMH), Carretera de Beniel, km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Spain
| | - Juan José Martínez-Nicolás
- Research Group in Plant Production and Technology, Plant Sciences and Microbiology Department, Miguel Hernández University (UMH), Carretera de Beniel, km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Spain
| | - Dámaris Núñez-Gómez
- Research Group in Plant Production and Technology, Plant Sciences and Microbiology Department, Miguel Hernández University (UMH), Carretera de Beniel, km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Spain
| | - Alberto Continella
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, 95124 Catania, Italy
| | - Pilar Legua
- Research Group in Plant Production and Technology, Plant Sciences and Microbiology Department, Miguel Hernández University (UMH), Carretera de Beniel, km 3.2, 03312 Orihuela, Spain
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Legua P, Modica G, Porras I, Conesa A, Continella A. Bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity and fruit quality evaluation of eleven blood orange cultivars. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:2960-2971. [PMID: 34766350 PMCID: PMC9299091 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blood oranges are grown increasingly in Europe for fresh consumption because of their special taste and excellent nutraceutical properties that confer the status of a functional food. The health benefits are associated with the range of additional bioactive compounds that they contain with respect to blonde oranges. RESULTS We analysed the physicochemical properties and the levels of organic acids, sugars and antioxidants in 11 blood orange cultivars representing the most representative cultivars of blood oranges widespread in the Mediterranean basin. In particular, we examined the levels of phenols, flavonoids and anthocyanins present in these cultivars at harvest maturity. The physicochemical, antioxidant and colour properties differ significantly among these cultivars. The deepest red peel and juice was found in Sanguinelli, followed by Tarocco Rosso and Moro. High-performance liquid chromatography with refractive index detector analysis revealed sucrose as the main sugar in all these cultivars, followed by fructose and glucose. Citric acid was the dominant organic acid, followed by malic acid and ascorbic acid. Moro showed the greatest levels of antioxidant activity. Regarding the phenolic composition, we found p-coumaric acid to be the main hydroxycinnamic acid in all cultivars, with maximum amounts in Moro and Sanguinelli. The highest amounts of cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and cyanidin-3-(6''-malonyl)-glucoside were found in Moro, for which the juice was of the deepest red colour. CONCLUSION The phenolic composition and antioxidant activity of the 11 cultivars was assessed. The results showed that Moro was the cultivar with the highest content of polyphenols and levels of antioxidant activity, followed by Sanguinelli. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pilar Legua
- Plant Science and Microbiology DepartmentMiguel Hernández UniversityAlicanteSpain
| | - Giulia Modica
- Department of Agriculture, Food and EnvironmentUniversity of CataniaCataniaItaly
| | - Ignacio Porras
- Department of CitricultureInstituto Murciano de Investigación y Desarrollo Agrario y Alimentario (IMIDA)MurciaSpain
| | - Agustín Conesa
- Plant Science and Microbiology DepartmentMiguel Hernández UniversityAlicanteSpain
| | - Alberto Continella
- Department of Agriculture, Food and EnvironmentUniversity of CataniaCataniaItaly
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