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Motalebnejad M, Karimmojeni H, Majidi MM, Mastinu A. Allelopathic Effect of Aqueous Extracts of Grass Genotypes on Eruca Sativa L. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:3358. [PMID: 37836097 PMCID: PMC10574278 DOI: 10.3390/plants12193358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the current research is to evaluate the allelopathic activity of fifty grass genotypes from different species and to identify phenolic compounds in the genotypes that have the highest allelopathic activity and inhibitory effect on Eruca sativa L. (Rocket). Aqueous extract was prepared from the leaves of grass genotypes in different concentrations and its effect on germination and growth of E. sativa L. was measured. According to the results, the type of genotype and the concentration of the extract significantly decreased the percentage of germination, hypocotyl length, radicle length, and dry weight of E. sativa L. seedlings. Increasing the concentration of the extract resulted in a decrease in germination and growth of seedlings. The genotypes of Festulolium (Festulolium) (GR 5009, GR 1692, GR 5004) had the most inhibitory effect on the growth of E. sativa L. Also, among the genotypes studied, two genotypes (DG-M) and (DG-P) of Dactylis glomerata L. (orchardgrass) species showed the least allelopathic activity. The results of HPLC-MS indicated nine phenolic compounds including caffeic acid, syringic acid, vanillic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, apigenin acid, chlorogenic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, and gallic acid. The phenolic compound most present in the aqueous extract was caffeic acid. However, phenolic compounds derived from Festulolium genotypes showed the greatest allelopathic action on the growth parameters of E. sativa L. The aqueous extracts of the Festulolium genotypes can be considered valid systems of sustainable weed control thanks to the phytocomplex rich in phenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Motalebnejad
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran; (M.M.); (M.M.M.)
| | - Hassan Karimmojeni
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran; (M.M.); (M.M.M.)
| | - Mohammad Mahdi Majidi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran; (M.M.); (M.M.M.)
| | - Andrea Mastinu
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Division of Pharmacology, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
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Mielke KC, Brochado MGDS, Laube AFS, Guimarães T, Medeiros BADP, Mendes KF. Pyrolysis Temperature vs. Application Rate of Biochar Amendments: Impacts on Soil Microbiota and Metribuzin Degradation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11154. [PMID: 37446332 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241311154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Biochar-amended soils influence the degradation of herbicides depending on the pyrolysis temperature, application rate, and feedstock used. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of sugarcane straw biochar (BC) produced at different pyrolysis temperatures (350 °C, 550 °C, and 750 °C) and application rates in soil (0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 1.5, 5, and 10% w/w) on metribuzin degradation and soil microbiota. Detection analysis of metribuzin in the soil to find time for 50% and 90% metribuzin degradation (DT50 and DT90) was performed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Soil microbiota was analyzed by respiration rate (C-CO2), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and metabolic quotient (qCO2). BC350 °C-amended soil at 10% increased the DT50 of metribuzin from 7.35 days to 17.32 days compared to the unamended soil. Lower application rates (0.1% to 1.5%) of BC550 °C and BC750 °C decreased the DT50 of metribuzin to ~4.05 and ~5.41 days, respectively. BC350 °C-amended soil at high application rates (5% and 10%) provided high C-CO2, low MBC fixation, and high qCO2. The addition of low application rates (0.1% to 1.5%) of sugarcane straw biochar produced at high temperatures (BC550 °C and BC750 °C) resulted in increased metribuzin degradation and may influence the residual effect of the herbicide and weed control efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Cabral Mielke
- Department of Agronomy, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
| | | | | | - Tiago Guimarães
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, MG, Brazil
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Avasiloaiei DI, Calara M, Brezeanu PM, Murariu OC, Brezeanu C. On the Future Perspectives of Some Medicinal Plants within Lamiaceae Botanic Family Regarding Their Comprehensive Properties and Resistance against Biotic and Abiotic Stresses. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14050955. [PMID: 37239315 DOI: 10.3390/genes14050955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Lamiaceae is one of the largest botanical families, encompassing over 6000 species that include a variety of aromatic and medicinal spices. The current study is focused on three plants within this botanical family: basil (Ocimum basilicum L.), thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.), and summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.). These three species contain primary and secondary metabolites such as phenolic and flavonoid compounds, fatty acids, antioxidants, and essential oils and have traditionally been used for flavoring, food preservation, and medicinal purposes. The goal of this study is to provide an overview of the nutraceutical, therapeutic, antioxidant, and antibacterial key features of these three aromatics to explore new breeding challenges and opportunities for varietal development. In this context, a literature search has been performed to describe the phytochemical profile of both primary and secondary metabolites and their pharmacological uses, as well as to further explore accession availability in the medicine industry and also to emphasize their bioactive roles in plant ecology and biotic and abiotic stress adaptability. The aim of this review is to explore future perspectives on the development of new, highly valuable basil, summer savory, and thyme cultivars. The findings of the current review emphasize the importance of identifying the key compounds and genes involved in stress resistance that can also provide valuable insights for further improvement of these important medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariana Calara
- Vegetable Research and Development Station, 600388 Bacău, Romania
| | | | - Otilia Cristina Murariu
- Department of Food Technology, Iasi University of Life Sciences (IULS), 700490 Iasi, Romania
| | - Creola Brezeanu
- Vegetable Research and Development Station, 600388 Bacău, Romania
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Ammarellou A, Yousefi AR, Heydari M, Uberti D, Mastinu A. Biochemical and Botanical Aspects of Allium sativum L. Sowing. BIOTECH 2022; 11:biotech11020016. [PMID: 35822789 PMCID: PMC9264397 DOI: 10.3390/biotech11020016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The main aim of this study was to evaluate the yield and compliance of selected Iranian garlic (Allium sativum L.) cultivars, including Tuyserkan (TSN), Heydareh (HDH), Mouien (MUN), and Taroom (TRM), during two growing seasons. The TRM cultivar germination rate is higher than the other cultivars studied. The TRM cultivars have quite remarkable values for the dry weight, fresh weight, stem diameter, and the number of leaves present. The fresh weight and dry weight of the TRM cultivar for the second year are 33.8 t/ha and 16.7 t/ha, respectively. However, on average, the HDH cultivar is the tallest plant in the experiments. Average pyruvic acid content in fresh samples of the TRM and HDH cultivars is 78 µm/gfw and 69.3 µm/gfw, respectively. It is observed that there are remarkable differences in the level of pyruvic acid between the different cultivars. The growth, development, and yield of plants are highly dependent on their genetic characteristics; in this experiment, the TRM cultivar shows a good yield (16.7 t/ha), and the evaluated characteristics improve compared to the other cultivars studied, which could be due to the high compatibility of this cultivar to the environmental conditions of the study. The excellent performance on the yield of TRM makes this cultivar more appreciable on a commercial level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ammarellou
- Research Institute of Modern Biological Techniques, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371-38791, Iran;
| | - Ali Reza Yousefi
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371-38791, Iran;
- Correspondence: (A.R.Y.); (A.M.)
| | - Moslem Heydari
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45371-38791, Iran;
| | - Daniela Uberti
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
| | - Andrea Mastinu
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy;
- Correspondence: (A.R.Y.); (A.M.)
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Yousefvand P, Sohrabi Y, Heidari G, Weisany W, Mastinu A. Salicylic Acid Stimulates Defense Systems in Allium hirtifolium Grown under Water Deficit Stress. Molecules 2022; 27:3083. [PMID: 35630559 PMCID: PMC9145819 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Nowadays, the use of the growth regulator salicylic acid for improving a plant's resistance to environmental stresses such as drought is increasing. The present study investigated the effect of salicylic acid on the physiological traits, antioxidant enzymes, yield, and quality of Allium hirtifolium (shallots) under drought conditions for three years (2016-2017, 2017-2018, and 2018-2019). The experiment was conducted as a split-plot based on a randomized complete block design with four repeats. Irrigation as the main factor in four levels of 100% (full irrigation), 75% and 50% of the plant water requirements with non-irrigation (dryland), and salicylic acid as the sub-factor in four levels of 0, 0.75, and 1 mmol, were the studied factors in this research. The combined analysis of three-year data showed that drought reduced leaf relative water content (RWC), membrane stability index (MSI), chlorophyll content, onion yield, and increased activity of antioxidant enzymes, proline content, tang, and allicin of shallots. Shallot spraying with salicylic acid improved leaf RWC, MSI, chlorophyll content, and onion yield. The highest yield of onion (1427 gr m-2) belonged to full irrigation and foliar application of 1 mmol salicylic acid. The lowest yield (419.8 gr m-2) belonged to plats with non-irrigation and non-application of salicylic acid. By improving the effective physiological traits in resistance to water deficit, salicylic acid adjusted the effects of water deficit on the yield of shallots. Foliar application of 1 mmol salicylic acid in dryland and irrigation of 50% of the plant water requirement increased onion yield by 15.12% and 29.39%, respectively, compared to the control treatment without salicylic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Yousefvand
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj 66177, Iran; (P.Y.); (G.H.)
| | - Yousef Sohrabi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj 66177, Iran; (P.Y.); (G.H.)
| | - Gholamreza Heidari
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj 66177, Iran; (P.Y.); (G.H.)
| | - Weria Weisany
- Department of Agriculture and Food Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 14778, Iran;
| | - Andrea Mastinu
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
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Burlou-Nagy C, Bănică F, Jurca T, Vicaș LG, Marian E, Muresan ME, Bácskay I, Kiss R, Fehér P, Pallag A. Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench: Biological and Pharmacological Properties. A Review. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11091244. [PMID: 35567246 PMCID: PMC9102300 DOI: 10.3390/plants11091244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench (EP)is a perennial herbaceous flowering plant, commonly known as purple coneflower and it belongs to the Asteraceae family. The Echinacea genus is originally from North America, in the United States, and its species are widely distributed throughout. There are nine different species of Echinacea, but only three of them are used as medicinal plants with wide therapeutic uses: Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench, Echinacea pallida (Nutt.) Nutt. and Echinacea angustifolia DC. Several significant groups of bioactive compounds with pharmacological activities have been isolated from Echinacea species. Numerous beneficial effects have been demonstrated about these compounds. The immunomodulatory effect was initially demonstrated, but over time other effects have also been highlighted. The present review gives a comprehensive summary of the chemical constituents, bioactive compounds, biological effects and therapeutical uses of purple coneflower. Research shows that such a well-known and recognized species needs to be further studied to obtain efficient products with a guarantee of the safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Burlou-Nagy
- Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania;
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania; (F.B.); (T.J.); (L.G.V.); (E.M.)
| | - Florin Bănică
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania; (F.B.); (T.J.); (L.G.V.); (E.M.)
| | - Tünde Jurca
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania; (F.B.); (T.J.); (L.G.V.); (E.M.)
| | - Laura Grațiela Vicaș
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania; (F.B.); (T.J.); (L.G.V.); (E.M.)
| | - Eleonora Marian
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania; (F.B.); (T.J.); (L.G.V.); (E.M.)
| | - Mariana Eugenia Muresan
- Department of Preclinical Disciplines, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410068 Oradea, Romania;
| | - Ildikó Bácskay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (I.B.); (P.F.)
| | - Rita Kiss
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary;
| | - Pálma Fehér
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary; (I.B.); (P.F.)
| | - Annamaria Pallag
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 410028 Oradea, Romania; (F.B.); (T.J.); (L.G.V.); (E.M.)
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Germination of Triticum aestivum L.: Effects of Soil–Seed Interaction on the Growth of Seedlings. SOIL SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/soilsystems6020037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Seed size, sowing depth, and seed disinfection can affect seed germination and seedling establishment, which, in turn, can directly affect crop growth and yield. The current study was comprised of two experiments, the first of which was conducted in the laboratory, and a second which was performed under glasshouse conditions. The objective of these experiments was to investigate the effects of seed size, sowing depth, and seed disinfection on seed germination and initial seedling growth of selected wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. The treatments in laboratory experiment were arranged in a completely randomized design, which included: (Ι) four wheat cultivars (Pishgam, Haydari, Soissons, and Mihan), (ΙΙ) two seed size classes (x < 2.25 mm, and x > 2.25 mm), and two disinfection treatments (no-disinfection and disinfection), (ΙΙΙ) with five replicates. In addition to the aforementioned treatments, the effect of planting depth (4, 6, and 8 cm) was also investigated in the subsequent glasshouse experiment. The best results were obtained at a sowing depth of 4 cm, in the non-disinfected treatment, using large seeds. In contrast, the lowest percentage and speed of seed germination and vigor index were observed in seeds sown at 8 cm depth, in the disinfected seed treatment, using small seeds. Large seeds contain larger nutrient stores which may improve seed germination indices, which would therefore result in improved percentage and speed of seed germination, followed by faster coleoptile and seedling growth, higher seedling dry weight and seed vigor. These data also illustrated that seed disinfection in the Pishgam and Haydari cultivars had inhibitory effects upon coleoptile growth and seedling length, which could be related to the fungicide’s chemical composition. Unlike other cultivars, disinfection did not show a significant effect on the Soissons cultivar. Based on our data, in order to improve both the speed of wheat seed germination and subsequent plant growth and development; it is necessary to select high-quality, large seeds, planted at a specific planting depth, which have been treated with an effective disinfectant; all of which will be specific for the wheat cultivar in question. Overall, the current study has provided useful information on the effect size seed, sowing depth, and disinfection have upon germination characteristics and seedling growth of wheat cultivars, which can form the basis for future field scale trails.
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Ashrafi M, Azimi-Moqadam MR, MohseniFard E, Shekari F, Jafary H, Moradi P, Pucci M, Abate G, Mastinu A. Physiological and Molecular Aspects of Two Thymus Species Differently Sensitive to Drought Stress. BIOTECH 2022; 11:8. [PMID: 35822781 PMCID: PMC9264393 DOI: 10.3390/biotech11020008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Drought is one of the most important threats to plants and agriculture. Here, the effects of four drought levels (90%, 55%, 40%, and 25% field capacity) on the relative water content (RWC), chlorophyll and carotenoids levels, and mRNA gene expression of metabolic enzymes in Thymus vulgaris (as sensitive to drought) and Thymus kotschyanus (as a drought-tolerant species) were evaluated. The physiological results showed that the treatment predominantly affected the RWC, chlorophyll, and carotenoids content. The gene expression analysis demonstrated that moderate and severe drought stress had greater effects on the expression of histone deacetylase-6 (HDA-6) and acetyl-CoA synthetase in both Thymus species. Pyruvate decarboxylase-1 (PDC-1) was upregulated in Thymus vulgaris at high drought levels. Finally, succinyl CoA ligase was not affected by drought stress in either species. Data confirmed water stress is able to alter the gene expression of specific enzymes. Furthermore, our results suggest that PDC-1 expression is independent from HDA-6 and the increased expression of ACS can be due to the activation of new pathways involved in carbohydrate production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Ashrafi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45195-313, Iran; (M.A.); (E.M.); (F.S.)
| | - Mohammad-Reza Azimi-Moqadam
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45195-313, Iran; (M.A.); (E.M.); (F.S.)
| | - Ehsan MohseniFard
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45195-313, Iran; (M.A.); (E.M.); (F.S.)
| | - Farid Shekari
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Zanjan, Zanjan 45195-313, Iran; (M.A.); (E.M.); (F.S.)
| | - Hossein Jafary
- Research Division of Plant Protection, Zanjan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Centre, AREEO, Zanjan 45195-313, Iran;
| | - Parviz Moradi
- Research Division of Natural Resources, Zanjan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Centre, AREEO, Zanjan 45195-313, Iran
| | - Mariachiara Pucci
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Giulia Abate
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Andrea Mastinu
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy; (M.P.); (A.M.)
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