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Chen Q, Zhou Y, Long L, Zhang L, Liao H. Comparative analyses of morphology and temporal floral organ transcriptome provide insights into the development of staminodes in Globba racemosa (Zingiberaceae). Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2025; 760:151690. [PMID: 40157289 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2025.151690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2025] [Revised: 03/23/2025] [Accepted: 03/23/2025] [Indexed: 04/01/2025]
Abstract
Staminode, the most conspicuous floral organ in Zingiberaceae, which greatly contributes to the ornamental value of flowers in this family. Meanwhile, staminode is a key innovation in Zingiberaceae, which is hypothesized to have originated from the fertile stamen. Previous morphological and gene expression analyses have provided evidence for this hypothesis. However, in Zingiberaceae, little is known about the gene expression dynamics of the staminode compared to other floral organs at transcriptomic level, and the molecular mechanisms underlying identity specification of the staminodes remain unresolved. In this study, by using G. racemosa, an ornamental plant in Zingiberaceae, we first traced the flower development of G. racemosa, with special attention to the development of the two types of staminodes (the labellum and the outer androecial member), to explore the morphological differences between staminodes and the fertile stamen. Then, by combining a full-length transcriptome and comparative transcriptome data from seven types of floral organs at four developmental stages, we identified candidate genes that are specifically, preferentially, or differentially expressed in the labellum and the outer androecial member compared to other floral organs. Using weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), we further identified several modules that are significantly correlated with the labellum and the outer androecial member. Lastly, by examining the expression patterns of four well-known gene regulatory networks, which, according to previous studies, are presumed to be involved in the identity specification and morphogenesis of staminodes in Zingiberaceae, we found other potential regulators for the development of staminodes of G. racemosa. Notably, we found that on the one hand, the labellum and the outer androecial member shared some genes with the fertile stamen, providing evidence for the stamen origin of staminodes in Zingiberaceae; on the other hand, the labellum, outer androecial member, and petal also share many genes, explaining the morphological similarity among labellum, outer androecial member, and petal. Thus, in terms of regulatory mechanisms, the staminodes in G. racemosa may represent a complex of stamen and petal characteristics. In summary, our results offer valuable resources for further research on gene functions and lay the foundation for future analyses of the molecular mechanisms underlying staminode development in Zingiberaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyi Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Vegetation Structure, Functions and Construction, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Transboundary Ecosecurity of Southwest China, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, 650500, Kunming, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Vegetation Structure, Functions and Construction, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Transboundary Ecosecurity of Southwest China, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, 650500, Kunming, China
| | - Lan Long
- State Key Laboratory for Vegetation Structure, Functions and Construction, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Transboundary Ecosecurity of Southwest China, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, 650500, Kunming, China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Vegetation Structure, Functions and Construction, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Transboundary Ecosecurity of Southwest China, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, 650500, Kunming, China
| | - Hong Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Vegetation Structure, Functions and Construction, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Transboundary Ecosecurity of Southwest China, and Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plant Reproductive Adaptation and Evolutionary Ecology, Institute of Biodiversity, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, 650500, Kunming, China.
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Jia Y, Chen C, Gong F, Jin W, Zhang H, Qu S, Ma N, Jiang Y, Gao J, Sun X. An Aux/IAA Family Member, RhIAA14, Involved in Ethylene-Inhibited Petal Expansion in Rose ( Rosa hybrida). Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:1041. [PMID: 35741802 PMCID: PMC9222917 DOI: 10.3390/genes13061041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Flower size, a primary agronomic trait in breeding of ornamental plants, is largely determined by petal expansion. Generally, ethylene acts as an inhibitor of petal expansion, but its effect is restricted by unknown developmental cues. In this study, we found that the critical node of ethylene-inhibited petal expansion is between stages 1 and 2 of rose flower opening. To uncover the underlying regulatory mechanism, we carried out a comparative RNA-seq analysis. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in auxin-signaling pathways were enriched. Therefore, we identified an auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (Aux/IAA) family gene, RhIAA14, whose expression was development-specifically repressed by ethylene. The silencing of RhIAA14 reduced cell expansion, resulting in diminished petal expansion and flower size. In addition, the expressions of cell-expansion-related genes, including RhXTH6, RhCesA2, RhPIP2;1, and RhEXPA8, were significantly downregulated following RhIAA14 silencing. Our results reveal an Aux/IAA that serves as a key player in orchestrating petal expansion and ultimately contributes to flower size, which provides new insights into ethylene-modulated flower opening and the function of the Aux/IAA transcription regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangchao Jia
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.J.); (C.C.); (F.G.); (W.J.); (N.M.); (Y.J.); (J.G.)
| | - Changxi Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.J.); (C.C.); (F.G.); (W.J.); (N.M.); (Y.J.); (J.G.)
| | - Feifei Gong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.J.); (C.C.); (F.G.); (W.J.); (N.M.); (Y.J.); (J.G.)
| | - Weichan Jin
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.J.); (C.C.); (F.G.); (W.J.); (N.M.); (Y.J.); (J.G.)
| | - Hao Zhang
- Flower Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China; (H.Z.); (S.Q.)
| | - Suping Qu
- Flower Research Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China; (H.Z.); (S.Q.)
| | - Nan Ma
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.J.); (C.C.); (F.G.); (W.J.); (N.M.); (Y.J.); (J.G.)
| | - Yunhe Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.J.); (C.C.); (F.G.); (W.J.); (N.M.); (Y.J.); (J.G.)
| | - Junping Gao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.J.); (C.C.); (F.G.); (W.J.); (N.M.); (Y.J.); (J.G.)
| | - Xiaoming Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Development and Quality Control of Ornamental Crops, College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (Y.J.); (C.C.); (F.G.); (W.J.); (N.M.); (Y.J.); (J.G.)
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