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Antonelli Incalzi R, De Vincentis A, Li VW, Martin A, Di Laura D, Fonseca E, Ding H. Prevalence, clinical characteristics, and disease burden of chronic cough in Italy: a cross-sectional study. BMC Pulm Med 2024; 24:288. [PMID: 38902654 PMCID: PMC11191261 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-024-03095-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 06/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic cough has been associated with reduced health-related quality of life, negative impacts on sleep, work, and other daily activities, and increased use of health care resources. Little is known about the prevalence of chronic cough in Italy. In the present study we sought to estimate the prevalence of chronic cough in Italy, describe sociodemographic and clinical characteristics associated with chronic cough, and characterize the impact of chronic cough on overall health and wellness, work and other daily activities, and health care resource use. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study to collect sociodemographic and health-related data from Italian residents who participated in the 2020 National Health and Wellness Survey (N = 10,026). To assess the characteristics and burden of chronic cough, adults who indicated that they had experienced chronic cough during the prior 12 months were compared with propensity score-matched controls without chronic cough. RESULTS The estimated weighted lifetime and 12-month prevalence of chronic cough were estimated as 9.2% and 6.3%, respectively. Compared with matched controls, respondents with chronic cough had significantly lower measures of overall physical and mental health (P < .001 for both comparisons), and significantly higher rates of anxiety, depression, and sleep disorders (P < .001 for all comparisons). Chronic cough was significantly associated with higher rates of impairment of work and other activities (P < .001 for all comparisons) in the past 7 days, any-cause emergency department visits and hospitalizations in the prior 6 months (P < .001 for both comparisons), and more visits to general and specialist health care providers (P < .001 for both comparisons) in the prior 6 months. CONCLUSIONS In Italy, chronic cough affects an estimated 3.3 million adults annually and represents a significant burden to individuals and the health care system. TAKE HOME MESSAGE Little is known about the prevalence of chronic cough in Italy. We found that, in Italy chronic cough represents a significant burden to individuals and the health care system, affecting an estimated 3.3 million adults annually.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Antonelli Incalzi
- Università Campus Biomedico di Roma and Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128, Rome, Italy
| | - Antonio De Vincentis
- Università Campus Biomedico di Roma and Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, via Alvaro del Portillo, 200, 00128, Rome, Italy
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Projecting the future burden of cancer: Bayesian age-period-cohort analysis with integrated nested Laplace approximations. Biom J 2017; 59:531-549. [DOI: 10.1002/bimj.201500263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Hu Y, van Lenthe FJ, Judge K, Lahelma E, Costa G, de Gelder R, Mackenbach JP. Did the English strategy reduce inequalities in health? A difference-in-difference analysis comparing England with three other European countries. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:865. [PMID: 27558269 PMCID: PMC4995654 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3505-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Between 1997 and 2010, the English government pursued an ambitious programme to reduce health inequalities, the explicit and sustained commitment of which was historically and internationally unique. Previous evaluations have produced mixed results. None of these evaluations have, however, compared the trends in health inequalities within England with those in other European countries. We carried out an innovative analysis to assess whether changes in trends in health inequalities observed in England after the implementation of its programme, have been more favourable than those in other countries without such a programme. METHODS Data were obtained from nationally representative surveys carried out in England, Finland, the Netherlands and Italy for years around 1990, 2000 and 2010. A modified difference-in-difference approach was used to assess whether trends in health inequalities in 2000-2010 were more favourable as compared to the period 1990-2000 in England, and the changes in trends in inequalities after 2000 in England were then compared to those in the three comparison countries. Health outcomes were self-assessed health, long-standing health problems, smoking status and obesity. Education was used as indicator of socioeconomic position. RESULTS After the implementation of the English strategy, more favourable trends in some health indicators were observed among low-educated people, but trends in health inequalities in 2000-2010 in England were not more favourable than those observed in the period 1990-2000. For most health indicators, changes in trends of health inequalities after 2000 in England were also not significantly different from those seen in the other countries. CONCLUSIONS In this rigorous analysis comparing trends in health inequalities in England both over time and between countries, we could not detect a favourable effect of the English strategy. Our analysis illustrates the usefulness of a modified difference-in-difference approach for assessing the impact of policies on population-level health inequalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannan Hu
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frank J van Lenthe
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ken Judge
- Department of Health, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - Eero Lahelma
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Giuseppe Costa
- Department of Clinical and Biological Science, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Rianne de Gelder
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Johan P Mackenbach
- Department of Public Health, Erasmus University Medical Centre, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Jee YH, Cho SI. Age-period-cohort analysis of smoking prevalence among young adults in Korea. Epidemiol Health 2016; 38:e2016010. [PMID: 27197740 PMCID: PMC4877516 DOI: 10.4178/epih.e2016010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 03/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES: Smoking prevalence among Korean men in their thirties is substantially high (approximately 50%). An in-depth analysis of smoking trends among young adults in their twenties is necessary to devise antismoking policies for the next 10 years. This study aimed to identify the contributions of age, period, and birth cohort effects on smoking prevalence in young adults. METHODS: Subjects comprised 181,136 adults (83,947 men: 46.3%; 97,189 women: 53.7%) aged 19 to 30 years from the 2008-2013 Korea Community Health Survey. Smoking prevalence adjusted with reference to the 2008 population was applied to the age-period-cohort (APC) model to identify the independent effects of each factor. RESULTS: For men, smoking prevalence rapidly escalated among subjects aged 19 to 22 years and slowed down among those aged 23 to 30 years, declined during 2008 to 2010 but stabilized during 2011 to 2013, and declined in birth cohorts prior to 1988 but stabilized in subjects born after 1988. However, in APC models, smoking prevalence increased with age in the 1988 to 1991 birth cohort. In this birth cohort, smoking prevalence at age 19 to 20 years was approximately 24% but increased to 40% when the subjects turned 23 to 24 years. For women, smoking prevalence was too low to generate consistent results. CONCLUSIONS: Over the past six years and in recent birth cohorts, smoking prevalence in adults aged 19 to 30 years has declined and is stable. Smoking prevalence should be more closely followed as it remains susceptible to an increase depending on antismoking policies or social conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ho Jee
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Il Cho
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Moccia M, Erro R, Picillo M, Vassallo E, Vitale C, Longo K, Amboni M, Santangelo G, Palladino R, Nardone A, Triassi M, Barone P, Pellecchia MT. Quitting smoking: an early non-motor feature of Parkinson's disease? Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2014; 21:216-20. [PMID: 25547948 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2014] [Revised: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Epidemiological studies report a 60-70% reduced risk of Parkinson's disease (PD) in smokers as compared to non-smokers. However, relationships between former smoking and PD have been poorly investigated. METHODS We recruited 116 de novo PD subjects, and investigated current, former and never smoking, and reasons for smoking cessation among former smokers. Two hundred and thirty-two controls were matched by Propensity Score. RESULTS PD subjects and controls were found to be current smokers (7.7 vs. 39.6%), former smokers (43.9 vs. 6.5%) and never smokers (48.2 vs. 53.9%). Logistic regression showed that current smokers were less likely to have PD (p < 0.001; OR: 0.22; 95% CI: 0.10-0.46), while former smokers were more likely to have PD (p < 0.001; OR: 7.6; 95% CI: 4.09-15.75), as compared to never smokers. Fifty-one PD patients reported quitting smoking before PD diagnosis (mean time since cessation 9.4 ± 7.3 years). Most important reasons to quit smoking in PD group were illness different from PD (26 subjects, 51.0%), knowledge of the harmful effects of smoking (24 subjects, 47.0%), and physician's advice (1 subject, 2.0%). CONCLUSION The reduced prevalence of current smokers among PD subjects as compared to healthy controls is consistent with previous findings, suggesting a possible neuroprotective effect of smoking. However, it could be due, at least in part, to the increased prevalence of former smokers among PD patients, that were more prone to quit smoking as compared to healthy controls. We suggest that smoking cessation could be an early preclinical condition occurring in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Moccia
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Science and Odontostomatology, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Erro
- Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, University College London (UCL) Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom; Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Policlinico Borgo Roma, Verona, Italy
| | - Marina Picillo
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CEMAND), Neuroscience Section, Department of Medicine, University of Salerno, 84131, Italy
| | - Edoardo Vassallo
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CEMAND), Neuroscience Section, Department of Medicine, University of Salerno, 84131, Italy
| | - Carmine Vitale
- IDC Hermitage Capodimonte, Naples, Italy; Department of Motor Sciences, University Parthenope, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | - Gabriella Santangelo
- Neuropsychology Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Second University of Naples, Caserta, Italy
| | - Raffaele Palladino
- Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom; Department of Public Health, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Nardone
- Department of Public Health, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Triassi
- Department of Public Health, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Paolo Barone
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CEMAND), Neuroscience Section, Department of Medicine, University of Salerno, 84131, Italy.
| | - Maria Teresa Pellecchia
- Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (CEMAND), Neuroscience Section, Department of Medicine, University of Salerno, 84131, Italy
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Vedøy TF. Tracing the cigarette epidemic: an age-period-cohort study of education, gender and smoking using a pseudo-panel approach. SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH 2014; 48:35-47. [PMID: 25131273 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2013] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This study examined if temporal variations in daily cigarette smoking and never smoking among groups with different levels of education fit the pattern proposed by the theory of diffusion of innovations (TDI), while taking into account the separate effects of age, period and birth cohort (APC). Aggregated data from nationally representative interview surveys from Norway from 1976 to 2010 was used to calculate probabilities of smoking using an APC approach in which the period variable was normalized to pick up short term cyclical effects. Results showed that educational differences in smoking over time were more strongly determined by birth cohort membership than variations in smoking behavior across the life course. The probability of daily smoking decreased faster across cohorts among higher compared to lower educated. In contrast, the change in probability of never having smoked across cohorts was similar in the two education groups, but stronger among men compared to women. Moreover, educational differences in both daily and never smoking increased among early cohorts and leveled off among late cohorts. The results emphasizes the importance of birth cohort for social change and are consistent with TDI, which posits that smoking behavior diffuse through the social structure over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tord F Vedøy
- Norwegian Institute for Alcohol and Drug Research, PO Box 565, Sentrum, 0105 Oslo, Norway.
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Apratto Junior PC, de Lima Barros MB, Daumas RP, de Noronha Andrade MK, Monteiro DLM, Vincent BRL, Lino VTS, Rodrigues NCP. Trends in AIDS incidence in individuals aged 50 years or older in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 1982-2011: an age-period-cohort analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 11:7608-21. [PMID: 25075880 PMCID: PMC4143821 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph110807608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of three temporal components of AIDS incidence (i.e., age, period and cohort) on individuals aged 50 or older living in Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil). Methods: Age-specific incidence rates were calculated from 1982–2011. Negative binomial and Poisson models were used to analyze the risk of AIDS by age, period and cohort. Results: The risk of AIDS in men was 2.45 times higher than in women, regardless of age and period (p-value < 0.001). The incidence of AIDS in individuals older than 69 years was 7-fold lower than in those aged 50–59 years (p-value < 0.001). A decreasing trend in AIDS risk was observed from the youngest cohort (≥1940) to the oldest (1910–1919). From 1982 to 2006, we could detect an increasing trend in AIDS risk in the population aged 50 years or older. A peak in rates was detected in the period from 2002–2006. The incidence rates in 2002–2006 were six times higher than those in 1987–1991 (p-value < 0.001), independent of age and sex (p-value < 0.001). Conclusions: An increase of AIDS risk in older people was detected. This group should not be neglected by public health programs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mônica Bastos de Lima Barros
- National School of Public Health Sergio Arouca (ENSP), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21041-210, Brazil.
| | - Regina Paiva Daumas
- National School of Public Health Sergio Arouca (ENSP), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21041-210, Brazil.
| | | | | | | | - Valéria Teresa Saraiva Lino
- National School of Public Health Sergio Arouca (ENSP), Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro 21041-210, Brazil.
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