1
|
Altunay N, Ul Haq H, Castro-Muñoz R. Optimization of vortex-assisted hydrophobic magnetic deep eutectic solvent-based dispersive liquid phase microextraction for quantification of niclosamide in real samples. Food Chem 2023; 426:136646. [PMID: 37356246 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
In this manuscript, a green and fast vortex-assisted hydrophobic magnetic deep eutectic solvent-based dispersive liquid phase microextraction (VA-HMDES-DLPME) method was developed for the selective extraction and determination of niclosamide in read samples, including rice, medicine tablets, and water samples. Here, hydrophobic magnetic deep eutectic solvents were used as the extracting solvent without requiring any centrifugation step. In the light of preliminary experiments, important parameters, such as volume of extraction solvent, pH, acetonitrile volume and vortex time, affecting the extraction efficiency of niclosamide were optimized using a Box-Behnken design. The linear dynamic range (0.25-120 µg/L), the limit of detection (0.08 µg/L), the limit of quantitation (0.25 µg/L), preconcentration factor (180), and enrichment factor (130) of the method were determined using optimized data. In particular, the validation parameters of the optimized VA-HMDES-DLPME, including robustness, matrix effect accuracy, and precision, were investigated. In addition to this, intra- and inter-day precisions were determined as ≤3.5 % and ≤4.1%, respectively. Finally, the optimized method was successfully used for the extraction of niclosamide in the selected samples prior to spectrophotometric analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nail Altunay
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Sivas Cumhuriyet University, Sivas, Türkiye.
| | - Hameed Ul Haq
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of Sanitary Engineering, G. Narutowicza St. 11/12, Gdansk 80 - 233, Poland
| | - Roberto Castro-Muñoz
- Gdansk University of Technology, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Department of Sanitary Engineering, G. Narutowicza St. 11/12, Gdansk 80 - 233, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Saglam N, Melissaratos DS, Shain DH. Biocontrol of snail-borne parasites with the glossiphoniid leech, Helobdella austinensis. Biol Lett 2023; 19:20220484. [PMID: 37042130 PMCID: PMC10090873 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2022.0484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Parasites in which freshwater snails are intermediate hosts pose a serious threat to human health worldwide. We show here that freshwater snails can potentially be controlled by leech predation; in principle, this approach could significantly reduce snail-borne parasitic diseases (SBPDs). Specifically, glossiphoniid leeches, Helobdella austinensis and congener species, consume freshwater snails indiscriminately, while other common leeches do not. A single adult H. austenensis, for example, can consume up to its weight in snails, e.g. Physella acuta, per day. Our predator-prey models suggest that snail populations could be eliminated in relatively short time periods (approximately six months) using a leech biocontrol approach. This could have considerable impact on global SBPDs by breaking the intermediate host life cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Naim Saglam
- Department of Aquaculture and Fish Diseases, Fisheries Faculty, Firat University, 23200 Elazig, Turkey
| | - Diana S. Melissaratos
- Biology Department, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, Joint Health Sciences Center, 201 South Broadway, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
| | - Daniel H. Shain
- Biology Department, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, Joint Health Sciences Center, 201 South Broadway, Camden, NJ 08103, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Riaz S, Ahmed H, Kiani SA, Afzal MS, Simsek S, Celik F, Wasif S, Bangash N, Naqvi SK, Zhang J, Cao J. Knowledge, attitudes and practices related to neglected tropical diseases (schistosomiasis and fascioliasis) of public health importance: A cross-sectional study. Front Vet Sci 2023; 10:1088981. [PMID: 36925606 PMCID: PMC10011641 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1088981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Snails play an important role as an intermediate host in various parasitic diseases, which are referred to as snail-borne parasitic diseases (SBPDs). The prevalence of the SBPDs, schistosomiasis and fascioliasis is low in Pakistan compared to other countries. The present study investigated knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to these two SPBDs and risk factors associated with them among the humans living in close contact with livestock and pets from three regions of Pakistan: Punjab, Islamabad and Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK). Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire to assess participants' knowledge, attitude and practices related to schistosomiasis and fascioliasis during 2021-2022. Results The majority of the 507 participants who were interviewed had good knowledge of schistosomiasis and fascioliasis: 43% were aware of schistosomiasis and 57% were aware of fascioliasis, but only 25% knew about snails as an intermediate host. Most respondents had a positive attitude toward treatment, prevention and control of the diseases but they did not have any healthcare facilities. Conclusion This study highlights the importance of the public's awareness for the need to control SBPDs. It also draws attention to the need for health education for risk reduction and the prevention of SBPDs in endemic areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sajida Riaz
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Haroon Ahmed
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sana Azeem Kiani
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sohail Afzal
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Science, University of Management and Technology (UMT), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sami Simsek
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Türkiye
| | - Figen Celik
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Türkiye
| | - Samia Wasif
- Department of Humanities, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nazneen Bangash
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Syed Kamran Naqvi
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad (CUI), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Jing Zhang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Shanghai, China.,WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianping Cao
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research), Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China, Shanghai, China.,WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, China.,The School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zheng L, Deng L, Zhong Y, Wang Y, Guo W, Fan X. Molluscicides against the snail-intermediate host of Schistosoma: a review. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:3355-3393. [PMID: 34486075 PMCID: PMC8418967 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-021-07288-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis, a neglected tropical disease (NTD), is one of the most prevalent parasitoses in the World. Certain freshwater snail species are the intermediate host in the life cycle of schistosome species. Controlling snails employing molluscicides is an effective, quick, and convenient intervention strategy to prevent the spread of Schistosoma species in endemic regions. Advances have been made in developing both synthetic molluscicides and molluscicides derived from plants. However, at present, the development of molluscicides is not adapted to the actual demand for snails and schistosoma controlling. We undertake a systematic review of exploitation and application of synthetic molluscicides and molluscicides derived from plants to combat intermediate host snails. The detailed molluscicidal activity, structure–activity relationship, structural feature, and possible mechanism of some molluscicides are also highlighted, which may afford an important reference for the design of new, more effective molluscicides with low environmental impact and realize the aim of controlling schistosome at transmission stages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lvyin Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Ling Deng
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Yumei Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Yatang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
| | - Xiaolin Fan
- Key Laboratory of Organo-Pharmaceutical Chemistry of Jiangxi Province, Gannan Normal University, Ganzhou, 341000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Xiong T, Jiang N, Xu S, Li SZ, Zhang Y, Xu XJ, Dong HF, Zhao QP. Metabolic profiles of Oncomelania hupensis after molluscicidal treatment: Carbohydrate metabolism targeted and energy deficiency. Acta Trop 2020; 210:105580. [PMID: 32533936 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Oncomelania hupensis is the intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum, one of the Schistosoma species that can cause human schistosomiasis. Molluscicidal treatment remains the primary means to control snail. Niclosamide is the only molluscicide recommended by the World Health Organization, and it has been used throughout schistosomiasis-endemic areas in China for almost 30 years. In our previous studies on transcriptomics, morphology, and enzymology of snails after molluscicidal treatment, two effective molluscicides were used, 50% wettable powder of niclosamide ethanolamine salt (WPN) and a new molluscicide derived from niclosamide, the salt of quinoid-2', 5-dichloro-4'-nitro-salicylanilide (LDS, simplified for Liu Dai Shui Yang An). Genes involved in cell structure mintenance, inhibition of neurohumoral transmission, and energy metabolism showed significant differential expression after molluscicide treatments. Damages in the structure of liver and muscle cells were accompanied by inhibited activities of enzymes related to carbohydrate metabolism and energy supply. This study was designed to clarify the dynamic metabolic process by metabonomics, together with the previous transcriptomic and enzymological profiles, to identify potential metabolite markers and metabolism pathways that related to the toxic mechanism of the molluscicide. In total, 56 metabolites were identified for O. hupensis, and 75% of these metabolites consisted of amino acids and derivatives, organic acids, and nucleic acid components. The concentration of glucose, maltose, succinate, choline, and alanine changed significantly after molluscicide treatments. These changes in metabolites mainly occurred in the process of carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism, and amino acid metabolism, primarily related to glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, oxidative phosphorylation, and transamination by KEGG pathway identification. Most of the identified pathways were also related to those differentially expressed unigenes and observed enzymes from our previous studies. Inhibited aerobic respiration and oxidative phosphorylation, and energy deficiency were implied further to be the leading causes of the final death of snails after molluscicide treatments. The hypothesised mathematical model in this study identified the rational hysteresis to explain the inconsistency of responses of unigenes, enzymes, and metabolites to molluscicide treatments. This study contributes to the comprehensive understanding of the molluscicidal mechanism in the metabolic process and this could assist in improving existing molluscicide formulations or development of new molluscicides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Xiong
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China; Department of Microbiology, School of Medical Sciences, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, Hunan Province, China
| | - Ni Jiang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Sha Xu
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Shi Zhu Li
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Tropical Diseases Research, WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Xing Jian Xu
- Institute of Schistosomiasis Control, Hubei Provincial Center for Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan 430079, Hubei Province, China
| | - Hui Fen Dong
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Qin Ping Zhao
- Department of Parasitology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Leonardo L, Varona G, Fornillos RJ, Manalo D, Tabios IK, Moendeg K, de Cadiz A, Kikuchi M, Chigusa Y, Mistica M, Hernandez L, Palasi W, Fontanilla IK. Oncomelania hupensis quadrasi: Snail intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum in the Philippines. Acta Trop 2020; 210:105547. [PMID: 32479837 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Oncomelania hupensis quadrasi is the snail intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum in the Philippines. It was discovered by Dr. Marcos Tubangui in 1932 more than two decades after the discovery of the disease in the country in 1906. This review, the first for O. h. quadrasi, presents past and present works on the taxonomy, biology, ecology, control, possible paleogeographic origin of the snail intermediate host and future in research, control and surveillance of the snail. Extensive references are made of other subspecies of O. hupensis such as the subspecies in China for which majority of the advances has been accomplished. Contrasting views on whether the snail is to be considered an independent species of Oncomelania or as one of several subspecies of Oncomelania hupensis are presented. Snail control methods such as chemical methods using synthetic and botanical molluscicides, environmental manipulation and biological control are reviewed. Use of technologies such as Remote Sensing, Geographical Information System and landscape genetics is stressed for snail surveillance. Control and prevention efforts in the Philippines have consistently focused on mass drug administration which has proved inadequate in elimination of the disease. An integrated approach that includes snail control, environmental sanitation and health education has been proposed. Population movement such as migration for employment and economic opportunities and ecotourism and global climate change resulting in heavy rains and flooding challenge the gains of control and elimination efforts. Concern for possible migration of snails to non-endemic areas is expressed given the various changes both natural and mostly man-made favoring habitat expansion.
Collapse
|
7
|
Buddenborg SK, Kamel B, Bu L, Zhang SM, Mkoji GM, Loker ES. Transcriptional responses of Biomphalaria pfeifferi and Schistosoma mansoni following exposure to niclosamide, with evidence for a synergistic effect on snails following exposure to both stressors. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2019; 13:e0006927. [PMID: 31841501 PMCID: PMC6936870 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schistosomiasis is one of the world's most common NTDs. Successful control operations often target snail vectors with the molluscicide niclosamide. Little is known about how niclosamide affects snails, including for Biomphalaria pfeifferi, the most important vector for Schistosoma mansoni in Africa. We used Illumina technology to explore how field-derived B. pfeifferi, either uninfected or harboring cercariae-producing S. mansoni sporocysts, respond to a sublethal treatment of niclosamide. This study afforded the opportunity to determine if snails respond differently to biotic or abiotic stressors, and if they reserve unique responses for when presented with both stressors in combination. We also examined how sporocysts respond when their snail host is treated with niclosamide. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Cercariae-producing sporocysts within snails treated with niclosamide express ~68% of the genes in the S. mansoni genome, as compared to 66% expressed by intramolluscan stages of S. mansoni in snails not treated with niclosamide. Niclosamide does not disable sporocysts nor does it seem to provoke from them distinctive responses associated with detoxifying a xenobiotic. For uninfected B. pfeifferi, niclosamide treatment alone increases expression of several features not up-regulated in infected snails including particular cytochrome p450s and heat shock proteins, glutathione-S-transferases, antimicrobial factors like LBP/BPI and protease inhibitors, and also provokes strong down regulation of proteases. Exposure of infected snails to niclosamide resulted in numerous up-regulated responses associated with apoptosis along with down-regulated ribosomal and defense functions, indicative of a distinctive, compromised state not achieved with either stimulus alone. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE This study helps define the transcriptomic responses of an important and under-studied schistosome vector to S. mansoni sporocysts, to niclosamide, and to both in combination. It suggests the response of S. mansoni sporocysts to niclosamide is minimal and not reflective of a distinct repertoire of genes to handle xenobiotics while in the snail host. It also offers new insights for how niclosamide affects snails.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K. Buddenborg
- Department of Biology, Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque NM United States of America
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton United Kingdom
| | - Bishoy Kamel
- Department of Biology, Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque NM United States of America
| | - Lijing Bu
- Department of Biology, Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque NM United States of America
| | - Si-Ming Zhang
- Department of Biology, Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque NM United States of America
| | - Gerald M. Mkoji
- Center for Biotechnology Research and Development, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi KEN
| | - Eric S. Loker
- Department of Biology, Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque NM United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Chen Z, Wang W, Yao J, Li S, Zhang X, Hu H, Liu X, Luo B, Liu Y, Xu H, Duan L. Toxicity of a molluscicide candidate PPU07 against Oncomelania hupensis (Gredler, 1881) and local fish in field evaluation. CHEMOSPHERE 2019; 222:56-61. [PMID: 30690401 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.01.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis japonica caused by Schistosoma japonicum infection is recognized as a considerable economic and public health concern in Asia. Oncomelania hupensis is the sole intermediate host of S. japonicum. The only molluscicide recommended by World Health Organization (WHO) since 1960s is relative toxic to other aquatic species. In this article, we evaluated the novel molluscicide PPU07 in field trials on their efficiency against O. hupensis and toxicity for local fish. 25% PPU07 sulfate WP exhibited similar molluscicidal effect at 2.0 g/m2 and 2.0 g/m3 in the spraying and immersion trials with the WHO recommended molluscicide niclosamide (1 g/m2 and 1 g/m3). The mortality rates reached 95% and 96%, respectively. Moreover, little toxicity was observed for local fish and other aquatic organisms at the effective molluscicidal concentrations. In all, 25% PPU07 sulfate WP is a promising molluscicide for snail control, particularly in semi-commercial or commercial aquaculture ponds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Chen
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Weisi Wang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Malaria, Schistosomiasis, and Filariasis, Key Laboratory of Parasitology and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Junmin Yao
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Malaria, Schistosomiasis, and Filariasis, Key Laboratory of Parasitology and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Shizhu Li
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Malaria, Schistosomiasis, and Filariasis, Key Laboratory of Parasitology and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Xia Zhang
- Jianglin Institute for Schistosomiasis Control, Hubei 434100, China
| | - Hehua Hu
- Jianglin Institute for Schistosomiasis Control, Hubei 434100, China
| | - Xiong Liu
- Jianglin Institute for Schistosomiasis Control, Hubei 434100, China
| | - Binrong Luo
- Dali Institute for Schistosomiasis Control, Yunnan 671000, China
| | - Yuhua Liu
- Dali Institute for Schistosomiasis Control, Yunnan 671000, China
| | - Huiyong Xu
- Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu 210014, China
| | - Liping Duan
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, WHO Collaborating Centre for Malaria, Schistosomiasis, and Filariasis, Key Laboratory of Parasitology and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Shanghai 200025, China; Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu 210014, China; The Institute of Microbiology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yang X, Zhang Y, Sun QX, Zhou JX, Zhou XN. SWOT analysis on snail control measures applied in the national schistosomiasis control programme in the People's Republic of China. Infect Dis Poverty 2019; 8:13. [PMID: 30732636 PMCID: PMC6367817 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-019-0521-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Snail control is an important component in the national schistosomiasis control programme in China, by application of chemical molluscicides, forestry projects, agriculture projects and water conservancy projects in recent decades. However, there are still wide areas of snail inhabited in China which remains a great challenge to achieve the goal of schistosomiasis elimination by 2025. Therefore, a SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) analysis on snail control measures is required for precision schistosomiasis control. METHODS The SWOT approach, which is a well-known structured analysis tool, was used to identify and evaluate the specific characteristics of four types of snail control measures in China, including chemical mollusciciding, forestry, agriculture, and water conservancy projects. The analysis were carried out based on the information collection from literature review, of research papers, books, annual report database of national schistosomiasis control programme in China, reports from the academic forums, and so on. RESULTS For chemical mollusciciding, application strategy needs to focus on specific local settings, such as stage of schistosomiasis control, environmental factors, and limitations from external policies and internal deficiencies. Regarding forestry projects, the optimal strategies are to cooperate with other national forestry programmes to share the investment costs and pay attention on wetland protection. In agriculture projects, it is necessary to develop related cash crop industries and combine with national farmland consolidation projects simultaneously to increase the total economic benefits. Concerning water conservancy projects, the main purpose is to control snail migration from snail area to snail-free areas nationwide. CONCLUSIONS Integrated strategies for various measures application and a top-level designed cooperation mechanism will be the necessary to eliminate snail and schistosomiasis in China.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Yang
- School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, No.35 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083 China
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Soil and Water Conservation, No.35 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083 China
- Engineering Research Center of Forestry Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, No.35 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Yi Zhang
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025 China
- Key Laboratory for Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, 200025 China
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025 China
- Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, 200025 China
- National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025 China
| | - Qi-Xiang Sun
- Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing, 100091 China
| | - Jin-Xing Zhou
- School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, No.35 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083 China
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Soil and Water Conservation, No.35 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083 China
- Engineering Research Center of Forestry Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, No.35 Qinghua East Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100083 China
| | - Xiao-Nong Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, 200025 China
- Key Laboratory for Parasite and Vector Biology, National Health and Family Planning Commission, Shanghai, 200025 China
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025 China
- Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai, 200025 China
- National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, 200025 China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Efficacy of Achyranthes aspera (L.) as a Molluscicidal Bait Formulation against Fresh Water Snail Biomphalaria pfeifferi. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:2718585. [PMID: 30050585 PMCID: PMC6040294 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2718585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Molluscicidal plant products have interesting attributes of environmental friendliness and accessibility to local communities. Their bait formulations are more economical and target specific as they are applied only to the snail-infested sections of the water habitat. Their active ingestion by target snails could also increase gastric concentrations and enhance effectiveness. This study aimed to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of Achyranthes aspera (A. aspera) leaf hydroethanolic extract in bait and immersion applications. Serial dilutions of the extract in water for immersion, and in snail food pellets for bait test, were set. Adult Biomphalaria pfeifferi snails exposed to the bioassays for 24 hours and data were analyzed using probit model. The plant showed molluscicidal activity in both methods. The respective LC50 and LC90 doses were 20.37 and 46.84 ppm in the immersion and 3.10 and 11.08 ppm in the bait. The more efficient bait method reduced the LC50 by 6.57 and the LC90 by 4.23 times. This finding provides a strong foundation for the molluscicidal potential of A. aspera. It is applicable and possibly more effective if formulated into those commercially available snail food pellets or flakes. However, selection and optimization of suitable baits is a crucial step for maximum output.
Collapse
|
11
|
Lu XT, Gu QY, Limpanont Y, Song LG, Wu ZD, Okanurak K, Lv ZY. Snail-borne parasitic diseases: an update on global epidemiological distribution, transmission interruption and control methods. Infect Dis Poverty 2018; 7:28. [PMID: 29628017 PMCID: PMC5890347 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-018-0414-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Snail-borne parasitic diseases, such as angiostrongyliasis, clonorchiasis, fascioliasis, fasciolopsiasis, opisthorchiasis, paragonimiasis and schistosomiasis, pose risks to human health and cause major socioeconomic problems in many tropical and sub-tropical countries. In this review we summarize the core roles of snails in the life cycles of the parasites they host, their clinical manifestations and disease distributions, as well as snail control methods. Main body Snails have four roles in the life cycles of the parasites they host: as an intermediate host infected by the first-stage larvae, as the only intermediate host infected by miracidia, as the first intermediate host that ingests the parasite eggs are ingested, and as the first intermediate host penetrated by miracidia with or without the second intermediate host being an aquatic animal. Snail-borne parasitic diseases target many organs, such as the lungs, liver, biliary tract, intestines, brain and kidneys, leading to overactive immune responses, cancers, organ failure, infertility and even death. Developing countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America have the highest incidences of these diseases, while some endemic parasites have developed into worldwide epidemics through the global spread of snails. Physical, chemical and biological methods have been introduced to control the host snail populations to prevent disease. Conclusions In this review, we summarize the roles of snails in the life cycles of the parasites they host, the worldwide distribution of parasite-transmitting snails, the epidemiology and pathogenesis of snail-transmitted parasitic diseases, and the existing snail control measures, which will contribute to further understanding the snail-parasite relationship and new strategies for controlling snail-borne parasitic diseases. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40249-018-0414-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ting Lu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Qiu-Yun Gu
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Yanin Limpanont
- Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Lan-Gui Song
- Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zhong-Dao Wu
- Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Kamolnetr Okanurak
- Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Zhi-Yue Lv
- Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, China. .,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control (Sun Yat-sen University), Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, 510080, China. .,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector Control, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Hlina BL, Tessier LR, Wilkie MP. Effects of water pH on the uptake and elimination of the piscicide, 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM), by larval sea lamprey. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 200:9-16. [PMID: 28587838 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Invasive sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) populations in the Great Lakes are controlled by applying the piscicide, 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM), to infested streams with larval sea lamprey (ammocoetes). While treatment mortality is >90%, surviving lamprey, called residuals, can undermine control efforts. A key determinant of TFM effectiveness is water pH, which can fluctuate daily and seasonally in surface waters. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the influence of pH on the uptake, elimination, and accumulation of TFM by larval sea lamprey using radio-labeled TFM (14C-TFM), when exposed to a nominal concentration of 4.6mgTFML-1 or 7.6mgTFML-1, 3h or 1h, respectively. TFM uptake rates were approximately 5.5-fold greater at low pH (6.86) compared to the high pH (8.78), most likely due to the unionized, lipophilic form of TFM existing in greater amounts at a lower pH. In contrast, elimination rates following the injection of 85nmolTFMg-1 body mass were 1.7-1.8 fold greater at pH8.96 than at pH6.43 during 2-4h of depuration in TFM-free water. Greater initial excretion rates at pH8.96 were presumably due to predicted increases in outward concentration gradients of un-ionized TFM. The present findings suggest that TFM is mainly taken-up in its un-ionized form, more lipophilic form, but there is also significant uptake of the ionized form of TFM via an unknown mechanism. Moreover, we provide an explanation to how small increases in pH can undermine lampricide treatment success increasing residual lamprey populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin L Hlina
- Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3C5, Canada.
| | - Laura R Tessier
- Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Michael P Wilkie
- Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, 75 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3C5, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Molluscicidal activity and mechanism of toxicity of a novel salicylanilide ester derivative against Biomphalaria species. Parasit Vectors 2017; 10:383. [PMID: 28793917 PMCID: PMC5550999 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-017-2313-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schistosomiasis mansoni is one of the most important, but often neglected, tropical diseases transmitted by snails of the genus Biomphalaria. Control of the intermediate host snail plays a crucial role in preventing the spread of schistosomiasis. However, there is only one molluscicide, niclosamide, recommended by the World Health Organization. Niclosamide has been used for several decades but is toxic to non-target organisms. Therefore, it is necessary to optimize the scaffold of niclosamide and develop novel molluscicides with enhanced potency and decreased toxicity to non-target organisms. METHODS In this study, a candidate compound was analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. The molluscicidal potential against Biomphalaria species and cercaricidal potential against S. mansoni were evaluated using the immersion method. Furthermore, the preliminary mechanism was studied through cellular enzyme tests and electron microscopy. RESULTS 5-chloro-2-[(2-chloro-4-nitrophenyl)carbamoyl]phenyl-4-methoxybenzoate (salicylanilidate), a novel salicylanilide ester derivative, was derived from niclosamide. The 50% lethal concentration to B. glabrata, B. straminea and B. pfeifferi was 0.261 mg/l, 0.172 mg/l and 0.241 mg/l, respectively. The effective dose required to completely kill S. mansoni cercariae was 0.625 mg/l for salicylanilidate and 0.125 mg/l for niclosamide. However, salicylanilidate was approximately 100-fold less toxic to the fish Danio rerio than niclosamide. Furthermore, salicylanilidate reduced the enzymatic activities of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in the snail, demonstrating that it could affect neurohypophysis transmission and energy metabolism. Severe swelling in the tentacle and deformation of cilia in the tentacle and mantle were observed through scanning electron microscopy. The results of transmission electron microscopy showed that salicylanilidate could damage critical organelles in hepatopancreas tissues, including degeneration of the endoplasmic reticulum and vacuolization in mitochondria. In addition, transcriptional levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), acid phosphatase (ACP) and NOS in the hepatopancreas were significantly downregulated as shown by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). These results indicated that the hepatopancreas is a primary target organ of salicylanilidate. CONCLUSIONS Salicylanilidate not only had deleterious effects on Biomphalaria species and S. mansoni cercariae but also showed very low toxicity to D. rerio, suggesting that it has broad potential applications.
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhu H, Cai SX, Liu JB, Tu ZW, Xia J, Shan XW, Qiu J, Jiang Y, Xiao Y, Tang L, Huang XB. A spatial analysis of human Schistosoma japonicum infections in Hubei, China, during 2009-2014. Parasit Vectors 2016; 9:529. [PMID: 27716421 PMCID: PMC5050672 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-016-1817-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The province of Hubei is located in the middle of China, near the middle and lower reaches of the River Yangtze, and is an area where schistosomiasis is endemic. It is challenging to control this disease in this environment, and it would be useful to identify clusters of infection and transmission, as well as their distributions during recent years. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the spatial distribution of schistosomiasis in Hubei, in order to facilitate the effective control and elimination of this disease. METHODS We collected schistosomiasis surveillance data from all endemic counties in Hubei during 2009-2014. A geographical information system (ArcGIS, version 10.1) was used to link the counties' geographical data with the epidemiological data, and the spatial scanning method (FleXScan v3.1.2) was used to identify spatial clusters of human infections with Schistosoma japonicum. RESULTS In Hubei, patients who exhibited stool test results that were positive for S. japonicum accounted for > 50 % of all cases in China during 2009-2014. However, each endemic county in Hubei exhibited a declining trend in the number of human S. japonicum infections during the study period. The ArcGIS analyses revealed that the middle reaches of the River Yangtze were highly endemic for S. japonicum infections. Spatial scan analyses revealed the following infection clusters: two clusters in ten counties during 2009, two clusters in nine counties during 2010, three clusters in 12 counties during 2011, two clusters in 12 counties during both 2012 and 2013 and two clusters in ten counties during 2014. Most of the cluster regions were located in the lake and marshland regions along the basins of the River Yangtze. CONCLUSION We successfully identified schistosomiasis clusters at the county level in Hubei during 2009-2014, and our results revealed that the clusters were typically located in lake and marshland regions. These data may be useful for controlling and eliminating schistosomiasis in other high-risk areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhu
- Hubei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hubei Provincial Academy of Preventive Medicine, Wuhan, 430079 China
| | - Shun-Xiang Cai
- Hubei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hubei Provincial Academy of Preventive Medicine, Wuhan, 430079 China
| | - Jian-Bing Liu
- Hubei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hubei Provincial Academy of Preventive Medicine, Wuhan, 430079 China
| | - Zu-Wu Tu
- Hubei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hubei Provincial Academy of Preventive Medicine, Wuhan, 430079 China
| | - Jing Xia
- Hubei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hubei Provincial Academy of Preventive Medicine, Wuhan, 430079 China
| | - Xiao-Wei Shan
- Hubei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hubei Provincial Academy of Preventive Medicine, Wuhan, 430079 China
| | - Juan Qiu
- Key Laboratory for Environment and Disaster Monitoring and Evaluation, Hubei, Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 430077 Wuhan, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Hubei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hubei Provincial Academy of Preventive Medicine, Wuhan, 430079 China
| | - Ying Xiao
- Hubei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hubei Provincial Academy of Preventive Medicine, Wuhan, 430079 China
| | - Li Tang
- Hubei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hubei Provincial Academy of Preventive Medicine, Wuhan, 430079 China
| | - Xi-Bao Huang
- Hubei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hubei Provincial Academy of Preventive Medicine, Wuhan, 430079 China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Morphological and enzymatical observations in Oncomelania hupensis after molluscicide treatment: implication for future molluscicide development. Parasitol Res 2016; 115:4139-4152. [PMID: 27469534 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-016-5188-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
A preparation of niclosamide named 50 % wettable powder of niclosamide ethanolamine salt (WPN), the only chemical molluscicide available in China, has been widely used for Oncomelania hupensis control over the past 20 years, but its molluscicidal mechanism has not been elucidated yet. Recently, a derivative of niclosamide, the salt of quinoid-2',5-dichloro-4'-nitro-salicylanilide (Liu Dai Shui Yang An, LDS), has been proven to have equivalent molluscicidal effects as WPN but with lower cost and significantly lower toxicity to fish than WPN. In our previous study, gene expression profiling of O. hupensis showed significantly effects after these two molluscicides had been applied. This study was designed to use morphological and enzymological analyses to further elucidate the mechanism by which these molluscicides cause snail death. After WPN or LDS treatment, the number of mitochondria of O. hupensis was reduced and their cristae appeared unclear, heterochromatin gathered to be polarized, ribosome numbers of the rough endoplasmic reticulums (rERs) decreased, myofilaments in muscle cells became disordered and loose, and cytoplasm in some liver cells was concentrated. Damage of cell structures and organelles suggested inhibited movement ability and effects on liver and energy metabolism following treatment. In parallel, activities of enzymes related with carbohydrate metabolism were inhibited except lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) increased in muscle tissue, and activities of enzymes related with stress response increased followed by decreasing to lower levels than those of the H2O-treated group. This shift of carbohydrate metabolism patterns led to insufficient energy supply and lactic acid accumulation, and variations of nitric oxide synthase (NOS), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) during process of molluscicide treatment suggested a stress response of snail to the molluscicides at early stages and later fatal damage in liver and nervous system. In general, effects of WPN and LDS were similar although LDS-treated snails showed more serious damage in the liver and a stronger inhibition of enzymes related with aerobic respiration and stress response. This was consistent with the transcriptome profile obtained previously. However, considering enzyme activities at post-transcriptional and protein levels, comprehensive identification and annotation of potential enzyme-related genes and regulation pattern would be necessary to provide great benefit for understanding of potential mechanism of these molluscicides and even for future molluscicide development.
Collapse
|
16
|
Coelho P, Caldeira RL. Critical analysis of molluscicide application in schistosomiasis control programs in Brazil. Infect Dis Poverty 2016; 5:57. [PMID: 27374126 PMCID: PMC4931695 DOI: 10.1186/s40249-016-0153-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2015] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In Brazil, Biomphalaria glabrata, B. tenagophila, and B. straminea are naturally infected by the trematode Schistosoma mansoni, the causative agent of schistosomiasis. Despite decades of governmental efforts through official control programs, schistosomiasis remains an important public health problem in the country: thousands of people are infected with the trematode each year and millions live in endemic areas. The World Health Organization recommends using a combination of molluscicide (niclosamide) and mass chemotherapy to control the transmission of schistosomiasis, with this treatment successfully reducing the morbidity of the disease. In the past, niclosamide has been used in official schistosomiasis control programs in Brazil. However, as B. glabrata recolonizes even after molluscicide application, the use of molluscicides has gradually decreased in the country until they were discontinued in 2002, mainly due to the rising global pressure to preserve the environment and the difficulties of obtaining licenses from the Brazilian Ministry of Environment to use toxic substances in aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, the discovery of new molluscicides, which could be more selective to Biomphalaria species and less harmful to the aquatic ecosystem, is necessary. In addition, political efforts to sensitize funders to provide grants for this field of research are required. In this context, this article aims to make a critical analysis of molluscicide application in schistosomiasis control programs in Brazil.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pmz Coelho
- Research group of Schistosoma mansoni Biology and Its Interaction with the Host, René Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation-Minas Gerais, 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - R L Caldeira
- Research group of Medical Helminthology and Malacology, René Rachou Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation-Minas Gerais, 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Xu J, Steinman P, Maybe D, Zhou XN, Lv S, Li SZ, Peeling R. Evolution of the National Schistosomiasis Control Programmes in The People's Republic of China. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2016; 92:1-38. [PMID: 27137441 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis japonica is caused by the parasitic trematode Schistosoma japonicum. It is endemic in The People's Republic of China and has significant impact on human health and socioeconomic development in certain regions. Over the last six decades, the national control programmes evolved in remarkable ways and brought schistosomiasis japonica largely under control. We describe the history and evolution of schistosomiasis control in The People's Republic of China, with an emphasis on shifts in control strategies that evolved with new insights into the biology of the parasite and its intermediate hosts, and the epidemiology of the disease in the country. We also highlight the achievements in controlling the disease in different socioecological settings, and identify persisting challenges to fully eliminate schistosomiasis japonica from the country. To reach the goal of schistosomiasis elimination, further integration of interventions, multisector collaboration, sensitive and effective surveillance are needed to strengthen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Xu
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China; WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China
| | - P Steinman
- Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; Basel Universities, Basel, Switzerland
| | - D Maybe
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - X-N Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China; WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China
| | - S Lv
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China; WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China
| | - S-Z Li
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China; WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China
| | - R Peeling
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Li ZJ, Ge J, Dai JR, Wen LY, Lin DD, Madsen H, Zhou XN, Lv S. Biology and Control of Snail Intermediate Host of Schistosoma japonicum in The People's Republic of China. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2016; 92:197-236. [PMID: 27137448 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2016.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis caused by Schistosoma japonicum is a severe parasitic disease in The People's Republic of China and imposed considerable burden on human and domestic animal health and socioeconomic development. The significant achievement in schistosomiasis control has been made in last 60years. Oncomelania hupensis as the only intermediate host of S. japonicum plays a key role in disease transmission. The habitat complexity of the snails challenges to effective control. In this review we share the experiences in control and research of O. hupensis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z-J Li
- Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Schistosomiasis Control, Nanchang, The People's Republic of China
| | - J Ge
- Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Schistosomiasis Control, Nanchang, The People's Republic of China
| | - J-R Dai
- Jiangsu Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Wuxi, Jiangsu, The People's Republic of China
| | - L-Y Wen
- Zhejiang Academy of Medical Science, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, The People's Republic of China; Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Zhejiang Academy of Medical Sciences, Hangzhou, The People's Republic of China
| | - D-D Lin
- Jiangxi Provincial Institute of Schistosomiasis Control, Nanchang, The People's Republic of China
| | - H Madsen
- University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - X-N Zhou
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China; WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China
| | - S Lv
- National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China; WHO Collaborating Center for Tropical Diseases, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology of the Chinese Ministry of Health, Shanghai, The People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhang SM, Buddenborg SK, Adema CM, Sullivan JT, Loker ES. Altered Gene Expression in the Schistosome-Transmitting Snail Biomphalaria glabrata following Exposure to Niclosamide, the Active Ingredient in the Widely Used Molluscicide Bayluscide. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0004131. [PMID: 26452273 PMCID: PMC4599737 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0004131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In view of the call by the World Health Organization (WHO) for elimination of schistosomiasis as a public health problem by 2025, use of molluscicides in snail control to supplement chemotherapy–based control efforts is likely to increase in the coming years. The mechanisms of action of niclosamide, the active ingredient in the most widely used molluscicides, remain largely unknown. A better understanding of its toxicology at the molecular level will both improve our knowledge of snail biology and may offer valuable insights into the development of better chemical control methods for snails. We used a recently developed Biomphalaria glabrata oligonucleotide microarray (31K features) to investigate the effect of sublethal exposure to niclosamide on the transcriptional responses of the snail B. glabrata relative to untreated snails. Most of the genes highly upregulated following exposure of snails to niclosamide are involved in biotransformation of xenobiotics, including genes encoding cytochrome P450s (CYP), glutathione S-transferases (GST), and drug transporters, notably multi-drug resistance protein (efflux transporter) and solute linked carrier (influx transporter). Niclosamide also induced stress responses. Specifically, six heat shock protein (HSP) genes from three super-families (HSP20, HSP40 and HSP70) were upregulated. Genes encoding ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF), cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and coatomer, all of which are involved in vesicle trafficking in the Golgi of mammalian cells, were also upregulated. Lastly, a hemoglobin gene was downregulated, suggesting niclosamide may affect oxygen transport. Our results show that snails mount substantial responses to sublethal concentrations of niclosamide, at least some of which appear to be protective. The topic of how niclosamide’s lethality at higher concentrations is determined requires further study. Given that niclosamide has also been used as an anthelmintic drug for decades and has been found to have activity against several types of cancer, our findings may be of relevance in understanding how both parasites and neoplastic cells respond to this compound. Schistosomes are snail-transmitted parasites that continue to infect over 230 million people worldwide and cause the disease schistosomiasis. Currently there is no effective vaccine against the disease. Control programs have relied primarily on use of chemotherapy with praziquantel to eliminate adult worms from infected people. An increasing body of evidence, however, suggests that praziquantel-based control programs are not likely to be sufficient to achieve sustainable transmission control. Snail control achieved by focal use of molluscicides, especially in combination with other methods like chemotherapy, sanitation and health education, offers considerable promise for reduction of disease transmission. Consequently, use of molluscicides in snail control is likely to increase in the coming years. We undertook a microarray study to assess transcriptional responses to niclosamide, the active ingredient in commonly-used molluscicides, in the schistosome-transmitting snail Biomphalaria glabrata. We show that niclosamide activates components in snails’ pathways known to be involved in biotransformation of xenobiotics and stress responses. We suggest that major alterations in vesicle trafficking and interference with oxygen transport also follow niclosamide exposure. The results contribute to our understanding of molecular impacts of niclosamide exposure on snails, and provide a basis for further studies to define the mode of action of niclosamide and other molluscicides in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Si-Ming Zhang
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Department of Biology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Sarah K. Buddenborg
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Department of Biology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Coen M. Adema
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Department of Biology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - John T. Sullivan
- Department of Biology, University of San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Eric S. Loker
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology, Department of Biology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
- Parasite Division, Museum of Southwestern Biology, Department of Biology, The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|