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Liu H, Wang S, He B, Xie L, Cao X, Wei M, Jin H, Ren W, Suo Z, Xu Y. Simultaneous Hg 2+ and Pb 2+ detection in water samples using an electrochemical aptasensor with dual signal amplification by exonuclease III and metal-organic frameworks. Anal Chim Acta 2024; 1316:342800. [PMID: 38969435 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2024.342800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2024] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollution in the environment has become a significant global concern due to its detrimental effects on human health and the environment. In this study, we report an electrochemical aptasensor for the simultaneous detection of Hg2+ and Pb2+. Gold nanoflower/polyethyleneimine-reduced graphene oxide (AuNFs/PEI-rGO) was introduced on the surface of a gold electrode to improve sensing performance. The aptasensor is based on the formation of a T-Hg2+-T mismatch structure and specific cleavage of the Pb2+-dependent DNAzyme, resulting in a dual signal generated by the Exo III specific digestion of methylene blue (MB) labeled at the 3' end of probe DNA-1 and the reduction of the substrate ascorbic acid (AA) catalyzed by the signal label. The decrease of MB signal and the increase of AA oxidation peak was used to indicate the content of Hg2+ and Pb2+, respectively, with detection limits of 0.11 pM (Hg2+) and 0.093 pM (Pb2+). The aptasensor was also used for detecting Hg2+ and Pb2+ in water samples with good recoveries. Overall, this electrochemical aptasensor shows promising potential for sensitive and selective detection of heavy metals in environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China
| | - Senyao Wang
- School of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China
| | - Baoshan He
- School of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China.
| | - Lingling Xie
- School of Environmental Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Cao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China.
| | - Min Wei
- School of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China
| | - Huali Jin
- School of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China
| | - Wenjie Ren
- School of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China
| | - Zhiguang Suo
- School of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China
| | - Yiwei Xu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Henan University of Technology, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450001, PR China
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Evers DC, Ackerman JT, Åkerblom S, Bally D, Basu N, Bishop K, Bodin N, Braaten HFV, Burton MEH, Bustamante P, Chen C, Chételat J, Christian L, Dietz R, Drevnick P, Eagles-Smith C, Fernandez LE, Hammerschlag N, Harmelin-Vivien M, Harte A, Krümmel EM, Brito JL, Medina G, Barrios Rodriguez CA, Stenhouse I, Sunderland E, Takeuchi A, Tear T, Vega C, Wilson S, Wu P. Global mercury concentrations in biota: their use as a basis for a global biomonitoring framework. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2024; 33:325-396. [PMID: 38683471 PMCID: PMC11213816 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-024-02747-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
An important provision of the Minamata Convention on Mercury is to monitor and evaluate the effectiveness of the adopted measures and its implementation. Here, we describe for the first time currently available biotic mercury (Hg) data on a global scale to improve the understanding of global efforts to reduce the impact of Hg pollution on people and the environment. Data from the peer-reviewed literature were compiled in the Global Biotic Mercury Synthesis (GBMS) database (>550,000 data points). These data provide a foundation for establishing a biomonitoring framework needed to track Hg concentrations in biota globally. We describe Hg exposure in the taxa identified by the Minamata Convention: fish, sea turtles, birds, and marine mammals. Based on the GBMS database, Hg concentrations are presented at relevant geographic scales for continents and oceanic basins. We identify some effective regional templates for monitoring methylmercury (MeHg) availability in the environment, but overall illustrate that there is a general lack of regional biomonitoring initiatives around the world, especially in Africa, Australia, Indo-Pacific, Middle East, and South Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Temporal trend data for Hg in biota are generally limited. Ecologically sensitive sites (where biota have above average MeHg tissue concentrations) have been identified throughout the world. Efforts to model and quantify ecosystem sensitivity locally, regionally, and globally could help establish effective and efficient biomonitoring programs. We present a framework for a global Hg biomonitoring network that includes a three-step continental and oceanic approach to integrate existing biomonitoring efforts and prioritize filling regional data gaps linked with key Hg sources. We describe a standardized approach that builds on an evidence-based evaluation to assess the Minamata Convention's progress to reduce the impact of global Hg pollution on people and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- David C Evers
- Biodiversity Research Institute, 276 Canco Road, Portland, ME, 04103, USA.
| | - Joshua T Ackerman
- U.S. Geological Survey, Western Ecological Research Center, Dixon Field Station, 800 Business Park Drive, Suite D, Dixon, CA, 95620, USA
| | | | - Dominique Bally
- African Center for Environmental Health, BP 826 Cidex 03, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Nil Basu
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Kevin Bishop
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Upsalla, Sweden
| | - Nathalie Bodin
- Research Institute for Sustainable Development Seychelles Fishing Authority, Victoria, Seychelles
| | | | - Mark E H Burton
- Biodiversity Research Institute, 276 Canco Road, Portland, ME, 04103, USA
| | - Paco Bustamante
- Littoral, Environnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), UMR 7266 CNRS La Rochelle Université, 2 Rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000, La Rochelle, France
| | - Celia Chen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
| | - John Chételat
- Environment and Cliamte Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Ottawa, ON, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Linroy Christian
- Department of Analytical Services, Dunbars, Friars Hill, St John, Antigua and Barbuda
| | - Rune Dietz
- Department of Ecoscience, Aarhus University, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Department of Ecoscience, P.O. Box 358, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Paul Drevnick
- Teck American Incorporated, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Collin Eagles-Smith
- U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Luis E Fernandez
- Sabin Center for Environment and Sustainability and Department of Biology, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, 29106, USA
- Centro de Innovación Científica Amazonica (CINCIA), Puerto Maldonado, Madre de Dios, Peru
| | - Neil Hammerschlag
- Shark Research Foundation Inc, 29 Wideview Lane, Boutiliers Point, NS, B3Z 0M9, Canada
| | - Mireille Harmelin-Vivien
- Aix-Marseille Université, Université de Toulon, CNRS/INSU/IRD, Institut Méditerranéen d'Océanologie (MIO), UM 110, Campus de Luminy, case 901, 13288, Marseille, cedex 09, France
| | - Agustin Harte
- Basel, Rotterdam and Stockholm Conventions Secretariat, United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Chem. des Anémones 15, 1219, Vernier, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eva M Krümmel
- Inuit Circumpolar Council-Canada, Ottawa, Canada and ScienTissiME Inc, Barry's Bay, ON, Canada
| | - José Lailson Brito
- Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Sao Francisco Xavier, 524, Sala 4002, CEP 20550-013, Maracana, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Medina
- Director of Basel Convention Coordinating Centre, Stockholm Convention Regional Centre for Latin America and the Caribbean, Hosted by the Ministry of Environment, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Iain Stenhouse
- Biodiversity Research Institute, 276 Canco Road, Portland, ME, 04103, USA
| | - Elsie Sunderland
- Harvard University, Pierce Hall 127, 29 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Akinori Takeuchi
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Health and Environmental Risk Division, 16-2 Onogawa Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8506, Japan
| | - Tim Tear
- Biodiversity Research Institute, 276 Canco Road, Portland, ME, 04103, USA
| | - Claudia Vega
- Centro de Innovaccion Cientifica Amazonica (CINCIA), Jiron Ucayali 750, Puerto Maldonado, Madre de Dios, 17001, Peru
| | - Simon Wilson
- Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) Secretariat, N-9296, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Pianpian Wu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, 03755, USA
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3
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Neisi A, Nasab FK, Sepahvand A, Falahi B, Taherian M, Farhadi A, Asban P, Pour NT, Farhadi M, Dargahi A. Exposure to Mercury in the Air and Its Effect on Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD): A Systematic Review. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 53:1033-1046. [PMID: 38912156 PMCID: PMC11188640 DOI: 10.18502/ijph.v53i5.15583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2024]
Abstract
Background We aimed to verify the exposure to mercury in the air and its effect on cardiovascular disorders. Methods The review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and national databases (such as SID) from 1995-2022. Results Mercury exposure can cause many disorders in humans, including neurodevelopmental disorders in fetuses and children, adverse cardiovascular outcomes, hypertension, and diabetes. Mercury is a human neurotoxin, and in recent years its potentially harmful effects on cardiovascular disease (CVD) have raised concerns, mainly due to mercury's role in reducing oxidative stress. Conclusion Possible mechanisms of mercury toxicity in CVD include mercury-selenium interaction, increased lipid peroxidation, and oxidative stress. In this article, we review studies that have investigated the relationship between mercury and CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolkazem Neisi
- Air Pollution and Respiratory Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
- Environmental Health Department, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Koshki Nasab
- Environmental Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Arefeh Sepahvand
- Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Bita Falahi
- Department of Nursing, Aligoudarz School of Nursing, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Masoume Taherian
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Ali Farhadi
- Student Research Committee, Lorestan University of Medical sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Parisa Asban
- Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Nastaran Tale Pour
- Environmental Health Department, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Majid Farhadi
- Environmental Health Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Abdollah Dargahi
- Department of Environmental Health, Khalkhal University of Medical Sciences, Khalkhal, Iran
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
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4
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Sackett DK, Chrisp JK, Farmer TM. Isotopes and otolith chemistry provide insight into the biogeochemical history of mercury in southern flounder across a salinity gradient. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2024; 26:233-246. [PMID: 38284178 DOI: 10.1039/d3em00482a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Methylmercury (MeHg) continues to pose a significant global health risk to wildlife and humans through fish consumption. Despite numerous advancements in understanding the mercury (Hg) cycle, questions remain about MeHg sources that accumulate in fish, particularly across transitional coastal areas, where harvest is prominent and Hg sources are numerous. Here we used a unique combination of Hg and nutrient isotopes, and otolith chemistry to trace the biogeochemical history of Hg and identify Hg sources that accumulated in an economically important fish species across Mobile Bay, Alabama (USA). Fish tissue Hg in our samples primarily originated from wet deposition within the watershed, and partly reflected legacy industrial Hg. Results also suggest that little Hg was lost through photochemical processes (<10% of fish tissue Hg underwent photochemical processes). Of the small amount that did occur, photodegradation of the organic form, MeHg, was not the dominant process. Biotic transformation processes were estimated to have been a primary driver of Hg fractionation (∼93%), with isotope results indicating methylation as the primary biotic fractionation process prior to Hg entering the foodweb. On a finer scale, individual lifetime estuarine habitat use influenced Hg sources that accumulated in fish and fish Hg concentrations, with runoff from terrestrial Hg sources having a larger influence on fish in freshwater regions of the estuary compared to estuarine regions. Overall, results suggest increases in Hg inputs to the Mobile Bay watershed from wet deposition, turnover of legacy sources, and runoff are likely to translate into increased uptake into the foodweb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana K Sackett
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, University of Maryland, 8127 Regents Dr, College Park, MD 20742, USA.
| | - Jared K Chrisp
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation, Clemson University, 262 Lehotsky Hall, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - Troy M Farmer
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Conservation, Clemson University, 262 Lehotsky Hall, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
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5
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Calder RSD, Schartup AT. Geohealth Policy Benefits Are Mediated by Interacting Natural, Engineered, and Social Processes. GEOHEALTH 2023; 7:e2023GH000858. [PMID: 37650049 PMCID: PMC10463563 DOI: 10.1029/2023gh000858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Interest in health implications of Earth science research has significantly increased. Articles frequently dispense policy advice, for example, to reduce human contaminant exposures. Recommendations such as fish consumption advisories rarely reflect causal reasoning around tradeoffs or anticipate how scientific information will be received and processed by the media or vulnerable communities. Health is the product of interacting social and physical processes, yet predictable responses are often overlooked. Analysis of physical and social mechanisms, and health and non-health tradeoffs, is needed to achieve policy benefits rather than "policy impact." Dedicated funding mechanisms would improve the quality and availability of these analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan S. D. Calder
- Department of Population Health SciencesVirginia TechBlacksburgVAUSA
- Global Change CenterVirginia TechBlacksburgVAUSA
- Faculty of Health SciencesVirginia TechRoanokeVAUSA
- Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringDuke UniversityDurhamNCUSA
| | - Amina T. Schartup
- Geosciences Research DivisionScripps Institution of OceanographyLa JollaCAUSA
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6
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Li ML, Gillies EJ, Briner R, Hoover CA, Sora KJ, Loseto LL, Walters WJ, Cheung WWL, Giang A. Investigating the dynamics of methylmercury bioaccumulation in the Beaufort Sea shelf food web: a modeling perspective. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE. PROCESSES & IMPACTS 2022; 24:1010-1025. [PMID: 35748915 DOI: 10.1039/d2em00108j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
High levels of methylmercury (MeHg) have been reported in Arctic marine biota, posing health risks to wildlife and human beings. Although MeHg concentrations of some Arctic species have been monitored for decades, the key environmental and ecological factors driving temporal trends of MeHg are largely unclear. We develop an ecosystem-based MeHg bioaccumulation model for the Beaufort Sea shelf (BSS) using the Ecotracer module of Ecopath with Ecosim, and apply the model to explore how MeHg toxicokinetics and food web trophodynamics affect bioaccumulation in the BSS food web. We show that a food web model with complex trophodynamics and relatively simple MeHg model parametrization can capture the observed biomagnification pattern of the BSS. While both benthic and pelagic production are important for transferring MeHg to fish and marine mammals, simulations suggest that benthic organisms are primarily responsible for driving the high trophic magnification factor in the BSS. We illustrate ways of combining empirical observations and modelling experiments to generate hypotheses about factors affecting food web bioaccumulation, including the MeHg elimination rate, trophodynamics, and species migration behavior. The results indicate that population dynamics rather than MeHg elimination may determine population-wide concentrations for fish and lower trophic level organisms, and cause large differences in concentrations between species at similar trophic levels. This research presents a new tool and lays the groundwork for future research to assess the pathways of global environmental changes in MeHg bioaccumulation in Arctic ecosystems in the past and the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Ling Li
- School of Marine Science and Policy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
- Institute for Resources, Environment & Sustainability, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Emma J Gillies
- Institute for Resources, Environment & Sustainability, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Renea Briner
- School of Marine Science and Policy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA.
| | - Carie A Hoover
- Marine Affairs Program, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Kristen J Sora
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Lisa L Loseto
- Freshwater Institute, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
- Centre for Earth Observation Science, Department Environment and Geography, Clayton H. Riddell Faculty of Environment, Earth, and Resources, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - William J Walters
- Ken and Mary Alice Lindquist Department of Nuclear Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - William W L Cheung
- Institute for the Oceans and Fisheries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Amanda Giang
- Institute for Resources, Environment & Sustainability, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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7
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Basu N, Abass K, Dietz R, Krümmel E, Rautio A, Weihe P. The impact of mercury contamination on human health in the Arctic: A state of the science review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 831:154793. [PMID: 35341859 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The 2021 Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP) Mercury (Hg) Assessment is motivated by Arctic populations, and most notably Indigenous Peoples in the region, who are particularly vulnerable to Hg pollution. The objective of this review paper is to answer the following AMAP policy-relevant question: what is the human health impact of Hg pollution in the Arctic? In doing so, this state of the science review paper builds on information published 10 years ago in the last AMAP Hg assessment. The synthesized results demonstrate that: a) global influences (e.g., sources and transport pathways, biogeochemical processes, climate change, globalization) drive Hg exposures into human communities; b) Hg exposures are realized through dietary intake of certain country food items, and that new exposure science approaches are helping to deepen understandings; c) the nutritional and cultural benefits of country foods are immense, though a dietary transition is underway raising concerns over metabolic syndrome and broader issues of food security as well as cultural and social well-being; d) blood Hg measures are among the highest worldwide based on the results of human biomonitoring studies; e) Hg exposures are associated with adverse health outcomes across life stages (e.g., neurodevelopmental outcomes in young children to cardiovascular disease in adults); and f) risk communication needs to be balanced, targeted and clear, culturally appropriate, and be done collaboratively. These synthesized findings are particularly timely and policy-relevant given that the Minamata Convention entered into legal force worldwide in 2017 as a regulatory scheme to reduce the use and environmental release of Hg in order to protect human health and the environment. The Convention was influenced by health concerns raised by northern populations as indicated in the preamble text which makes reference to "the particular vulnerabilities of Arctic ecosystems and Indigenous communities".
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Affiliation(s)
- Niladri Basu
- Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Khaled Abass
- Arctic Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Pesticides, Menoufia University, Menoufia, Egypt
| | - Rune Dietz
- Aarhus University, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Department of Ecoscience, P.O. Box 358, Frederiksbirgvej 399, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Eva Krümmel
- Inuit Circumpolar Council - Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Arja Rautio
- Thule Institute and Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu and University of the Arctic, Oulu, Finland
| | - Pal Weihe
- Department of Occupational Medicine and Public Health, Sigmundargøta 5, 100 Tórshavn, Faroe Islands; Center of Health Science, University of The Faroe Islands, J.C. Svabosgøta 14, 100 Tórshavn, Faroe Islands
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Assessment of Mercury Concentrations and Fluxes Deposited from the Atmosphere on the Territory of the Yamal-Nenets Autonomous Area. ATMOSPHERE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos13010037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The problem of mercury input and its further distribution in the Arctic environment is actively debated, especially in recent times, due to the observed processes of permafrost thawing causing the enhanced release of mercury into the Arctic atmosphere and further distribution in the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem. The atmospheric mercury deposition occurs via dry deposition and wet scavenging by precipitation events. Here we present a study of Hg in wet precipitation on the remote territory of the Russian Arctic; the data were obtained at the monitoring stations Nadym and Salekhard in 2016–2018. Mercury pollution of the Salekhard atmosphere in cold time is mainly determined by regional and local sources, while in Nadym, long-range transport of mercury and local fuel combustion are the main sources of pollutants in the cold season, while internal regional sources have a greater impact on the warm season. Total mercury concentrations in wet precipitation in Nadym varied from <0.5 to 63.3 ng/L. The highest Hg concentrations in the springtime were most likely attributed to atmospheric mercury depletion events (AMDE). The contributions of wet atmospheric precipitation during the AMDE period to the annual Hg deposition were 16.7% and 9.8% in 2016/2017 and 2017/2018, respectively. The average annual volume-weighted Hg concentration (VWC) in the atmospheric precipitation in Nadym is notably higher than the values reported for the remote regions in the Arctic and comparable with the values obtained for the other urbanized regions of the world. Annual Hg fluxes in Nadym are nevertheless close to the average annual fluxes for remote territories of the Arctic zone and significantly lower than the annual fluxes reported for unpolluted sites of continental-scale monitoring networks of the different parts of the world (USA, Europe, and China). The increase of Hg deposition flux with wet precipitation in Nadym in 2018 might be caused by regional emissions of gas and oil combustion, wildfires, and Hg re-emission from soils due to the rising air temperature. The 37 cm increase of the seasonally thawed layer (STL) in 2018 compared to the 10-year average reflects that the climatic changes in the Nadym region might increase Hg(0) evasion, considering a great pool of Hg is contained in permafrost.
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Guan Y, Liu Y, Lv Q, Wu J. Bismuth-based photocatalyst for photocatalytic oxidation of flue gas mercury removal: A review. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 418:126280. [PMID: 34102357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Photocatalytic oxidation method is a promising technology for solving flue gas mercury (Hg) pollution from industrial plants. Semiconductor photocatalysts have been widely applied in energy conversion and environmental remediation. However, key issues such as low light absorption capacity, wide energy band gap, and poor physicochemical stability severely limit the application of photocatalysts in practical industrial plants. In recent years, bismuth-based (Bi-based) photocatalysts, including bismuth oxide halide BiOX (X = Cl, Br or I), bismuth salt oxymetal BiVO4, and BiOIO3 etc., have increasingly aroused scientists' attention due to their peculiar crystalline geometric structures, tunable electronic structure and high photocatalytic performance. In present review, we firstly review the photocatalytic reaction mechanism and main photocatalytic oxidation mechanism of mercury. Secondly, the synthetic methods of Bi-based photocatalysts are summarized. Then, according to the mechanism of mercury removal, the experimental modifying approaches including heterojunction making, external atoms doping, defect creating, and crystal face regulating to promote the photocatalytic oxidation of mercury removal are summarized, as well as the determination of the band gap and electronic density of states (DOS) of Bi-based photocatalysts to elucidate the photocatalytic oxidation mechanism via density functional theory (DFT) calculation. Furthermore, constructing electronic transmission channels is an efficient way to improve the photocatalytic activity. Finally, challenges and perspectives of Bi-based photocatalyst for photocatalytic oxidation of mercury removal are presented. In addition, the excellent performance photocatalysts and efficient pollution removal equipment for mercury removal in industrial plants are still required in-depth study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Guan
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China; College of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China
| | - Yinhe Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Qiang Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Jiang Wu
- College of Energy and Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai University of Electric Power, Shanghai 200090, China; Shanghai Institute of Pollution Control and Ecological Security, Shanghai, China.
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10
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Pontual MDM, Ayotte P, Little M, Furgal C, Boyd AD, Muckle G, Avard E, Ricard S, Gauthier MJ, Sidi EAL, Lemire M. Seasonal variations in exposure to methylmercury and its dietary sources among pregnant Inuit women in Nunavik, Canada. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 755:143196. [PMID: 33183817 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Among populations living in close connection with the sea, rivers and lakes for subsistence, diet varies according to local monthly wildlife species availability and food preferences. This may lead to variations in methylmercury (MeHg) exposure over a year, although no biomonitoring studies have documented this issue in Circumpolar populations, the most exposed to international Hg emissions. Our aim was to characterize seasonal variations in MeHg exposure among pregnant Inuit women from Nunavik and to identify country foods responsible for these variations. Between October 2016 and March 2017, 97 participants were recruited. Blood mercury (Hg) was tested and hair Hg was measured by centimeter as a surrogate for monthly MeHg exposure over the past year. Latent class growth analysis was conducted to identify groups of pregnant women with similar hair Hg monthly trajectories. Country foods consumption was documented by season. Seasonal daily intakes of MeHg were estimated based on concentrations in country foods. Retrospective monthly hair Hg analyses revealed that MeHg exposure was lowest in winter, and highest in summer and early fall months. Three latent classes (groups) of pregnant women with similar trajectories of monthly hair Hg variations were identified: high (n = 20, 21%), moderate (n = 38, 41%) and low variation (n = 35, 38%). Beluga meat was the country food contributing to most of daily MeHg intake, primarily during summer and fall, and was the only one associated with the odds of being classified into moderate and high variation groups (OR 95% CI: 1.19 [1.01-1.39] and 1.25 [1.04-1.50]). These findings underscore the importance of monthly variations in exposure to MeHg due to the seasonality of local foods consumed and responsible for elevated MeHg exposure. Further studies critically need to understand local diet fluctuations over a year to adequately assess MeHg exposure, adopt timely preventive interventions and evaluate the effectiveness of the Minamata Convention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana de Moraes Pontual
- Chaire Littoral, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Axe Santé des Populations et Pratiques Optimales en Santé: Hôpital Saint-Sacrement, 1050 Chemin Ste-Foy, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada.
| | - Pierre Ayotte
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Université Laval: Pavillon Ferdinand Vandry 1050, avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Axe Santé des Populations et Pratiques Optimales en Santé Hôpital Saint-Sacrement, 1050 Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; Centre de toxicologie, Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, 945 avenue Wolfe, Québec, QC G1V 5B3, Canada.
| | - Matthew Little
- School of Public Health and Social Policy, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada; Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Road East Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Chris Furgal
- Indigenous Environmental Studies & Sciences Program, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada.
| | - Amanda D Boyd
- The Edward R. Murrow College of Communication, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United States.
| | - Gina Muckle
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Axe Santé des Populations et Pratiques Optimales en Santé Hôpital Saint-Sacrement, 1050 Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; École de psychologie, Université Laval: Pavillon Félix-Antoine-Savard, FAS-1222, 2325 rue des Bibliothèques, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Ellen Avard
- Nunavik Research Centre, Makivik Corporation, Kuujjuaq, QC, Canada.
| | - Sylvie Ricard
- Nunavik Regional Board of Health and Social Services, Kuujjuaq, QC, Canada.
| | | | - Elhadji Anassour-Laouan Sidi
- Bureau d'information et d'études en santé des populations, Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, 945 avenue Wolfe, Québec, QC G1V 5B3, Canada.
| | - Mélanie Lemire
- Chaire Littoral, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Axe Santé des Populations et Pratiques Optimales en Santé: Hôpital Saint-Sacrement, 1050 Chemin Ste-Foy, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Université Laval: Pavillon Ferdinand Vandry 1050, avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Axe Santé des Populations et Pratiques Optimales en Santé Hôpital Saint-Sacrement, 1050 Chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada.
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Adamou TY, Riva M, Muckle G, Laouan Sidi EA, Lemire M, Ayotte P. Blood mercury and plasma polychlorinated biphenyls concentrations in pregnant Inuit women from Nunavik: Temporal trends, 1992-2017. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 743:140495. [PMID: 32758811 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.140495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The Inuit of Nunavik (Northern Quebec, Canada) are exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and mercury (Hg) through their consumption of marine country foods. A temporal trend study was initiated in 1992 to monitor circulating levels of PCBs and Hg in pregnant Inuit women, since the fetus is most at risk of adverse health effects. We set out (1) to describe temporal trends of PCBs and Hg levels in pregnant Nunavik women between 1992 and 2017; (2) to determine the prevalence of participants exceeding the guidance values in 2017; (3) to investigate relations between marine country food intake and contaminant levels over the study period. A total of 559 pregnant women provided a blood sample for contaminant analysis from 1992 to 2017. PCB congeners were quantified in plasma (serum) by gas chromatography (GC) coupled to electron capture detection or mass spectrometry (MS). We determined whole blood mercury concentration by cold vapor atomic absorption or inductively-coupled plasma MS. We performed multilevel modeling to assess temporal trends in contaminant levels and relations with marine country food consumption. Concentrations of total PCBs and Hg decreased by 84% and 65% between 1992 and 2017, respectively. Nevertheless, 10% and 22% of women in 2017 exceeded guidance values for PCBs and Hg, respectively. While the decline in marine country food intake is the only factor associated with decreasing Hg levels, other factors may explain the decline in PCB levels. Despite the significant decline in PCBs and Hg levels from 1992 to 2017, exposure to these contaminants is still quite prevalent among pregnant Nunavik women. Most of the decline in Hg exposure is likely due to a shift away from marine country foods to store-bought foods, which is a concern given the cultural and nutritional importance of country foods and the high food insecurity that prevails in Nunavik.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thérèse Yéro Adamou
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Axe Santé des Populations et Pratiques Optimales en Santé, Hôpital Saint-Sacrement, 1050 Chemin Ste-Foy, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; Faculté des sciences infirmières, Université Laval, Pavillon Ferdinand Vandry 1050, avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Mylène Riva
- Canada Research Chair in Housing, Community, and Health, Institute for Health and Social Policy, McGill University, Avenue des Pins, Montréal, QC H3A 1A3, Canada; Department of Geography, McGill University, Burnside Hall Building, 805 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC H3A 0B9, Canada.
| | - Gina Muckle
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Axe Santé des Populations et Pratiques Optimales en Santé, Hôpital Saint-Sacrement, 1050 Chemin Ste-Foy, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; École de psychologie, Université Laval, Pavillon Félix-Antoine-Savard, 2325 rue des Bibliothèques, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Elhadji Anassour Laouan Sidi
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Axe Santé des Populations et Pratiques Optimales en Santé, Hôpital Saint-Sacrement, 1050 Chemin Ste-Foy, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada.
| | - Mélanie Lemire
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Axe Santé des Populations et Pratiques Optimales en Santé, Hôpital Saint-Sacrement, 1050 Chemin Ste-Foy, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Université Laval, Pavillon Ferdinand Vandry 1050, avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Pierre Ayotte
- Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec - Axe Santé des Populations et Pratiques Optimales en Santé, Hôpital Saint-Sacrement, 1050 Chemin Ste-Foy, Québec, QC G1S 4L8, Canada; Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Université Laval, Pavillon Ferdinand Vandry 1050, avenue de la Médecine, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada; Centre de toxicologie, Institut National de Santé Publique du Québec, 945 avenue Wolfe, Québec, QC G1V 5B3, Canada.
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Kim J, Soerensen AL, Kim MS, Eom S, Rhee TS, Jin YK, Han S. Mass Budget of Methylmercury in the East Siberian Sea: The Importance of Sediment Sources. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2020; 54:9949-9957. [PMID: 32660243 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.0c00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Biological concentrations of methylmercury (MeHg) are elevated throughout the Arctic Ocean; however, to date, the major sources and the spatial variability of MeHg are not well quantified. To identify the major inputs and outputs of MeHg to the Arctic shelf water column, we measured MeHg concentrations in the seawater and sediment samples from the East Siberian Sea collected from August to September 2018. We found that the MeHg concentrations in seawater and pore water were higher on the slope than on the shelf, while the MeHg concentrations in the sediment were higher on the shelf than on the slope. We created a mass budget for MeHg and found that the benthic diffusion and resuspension largely exceed other sources, such as atmospheric deposition and river water input. The major sinks of MeHg in the water column were dark demethylation and evasion. When we extrapolated our findings on benthic diffusion to the entire Arctic shelf system, the annual MeHg diffusion from the shelf sediments was estimated to be 23,065 ± 939 mol yr-1, about 2 times higher than previously proposed river discharges. Our study suggests that the MeHg input from shelf sediments in the Arctic Ocean is significant and has been previously underestimated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihee Kim
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Anne L Soerensen
- Department of Environmental Research and Monitoring, Swedish Museum of Natural History, SE-10405, Stockholm 114 18, Sweden
| | - Mi Seon Kim
- Department of Ocean Environmental Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
- Division of Polar Ocean Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangwoo Eom
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Siek Rhee
- Division of Polar Ocean Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Keun Jin
- Division of Polar Earth System Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghee Han
- School of Earth Sciences and Environmental Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 61005, Republic of Korea
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Bravo AG, Cosio C. Biotic formation of methylmercury: A bio-physico-chemical conundrum. LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY 2020; 65:1010-1027. [PMID: 32612306 PMCID: PMC7319479 DOI: 10.1002/lno.11366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a natural and widespread trace metal, but is considered a priority pollutant, particularly its organic form methylmercury (MMHg), because of human's exposure to MMHg through fish consumption. Pioneering studies showed the methylation of divalent Hg (HgII) to MMHg to occur under oxygen-limited conditions and to depend on the activity of anaerobic microorganisms. Recent studies identified the hgcAB gene cluster in microorganisms with the capacity to methylate HgII and unveiled a much wider range of species and environmental conditions producing MMHg than previously expected. Here, we review the recent knowledge and approaches used to understand HgII-methylation, microbial biodiversity and activity involved in these processes, and we highlight the current limits for predicting MMHg concentrations in the environment. The available data unveil the fact that HgII methylation is a bio-physico-chemical conundrum in which the efficiency of biological HgII methylation appears to depend chiefly on HgII and nutrients availability, the abundance of electron acceptors such as sulfate or iron, the abundance and composition of organic matter as well as the activity and structure of the microbial community. An increased knowledge of the relationship between microbial community composition, physico-chemical conditions, MMHg production, and demethylation is necessary to predict variability in MMHg concentrations across environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea G. Bravo
- Department of Marine Biology and Oceanography, Institute of Marine SciencesSpanish National Research Council (CSIC)BarcelonaSpain
| | - Claudia Cosio
- Université de Reims Champagne Ardennes, UMR‐I 02 INERIS‐URCA‐ULH SEBIO, Unité Stress Environnementaux et BIOsurveillance des milieux aquatiquesReimsFrance
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14
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Sobolev N, Aksenov A, Sorokina T, Chashchin V, Ellingsen DG, Nieboer E, Varakina Y, Veselkina E, Kotsur D, Thomassen Y. Essential and non-essential trace elements in fish consumed by indigenous peoples of the European Russian Arctic. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2019; 253:966-973. [PMID: 31351305 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.07.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In present study, the analyses of essential [copper (Cu), cobalt (Co), selenium (Se) and zinc (Zn)] and non-essential elements [mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As)] in 7 fish species consumed by the indigenous people of the European Russia Arctic were conducted. The Nenets Autonomous Region, which is located in the north-eastern part of European Russia, was chosen as a Region of interest. Within it, the Nenets indigenous group (n = 6000) constitutes approximately 10% of the total population. Nearly all of the Nenets live a traditional life with fish caught in the local waters as a subsistence resource. We found that northern pike contained twice the amount of Hg compared with roach, and 3-4 times more than other fish species commonly consumed in the Russian Arctic (namely, Arctic char, pink salmon, navaga, humpback whitefish and inconnu). Fish Hg concentrations were relatively low, but comparable to those reported in other investigations that illustrate a decreasing south-to-north trend in fish Hg concentrations. In the current study, northern pike is the only species for which Hg bioaccumulated significantly. In all fish species, both Cd and Pb were present in considerably lower concentrations than Hg. The total As concentrations observed are similar to those previously published, and it is assumed to be present primarily in non-toxic organic forms. All fish tissues were rich in the essential elements Se, Cu and Zn and, dependent on the amount fish consumed, may contribute significantly to the nutritional intake by indigenous Arctic peoples. We observed large significant differences in the molar Se/Hg ratios, which ranged from 2.3 for northern pike to 71.1 for pink salmon. Values of the latter <1 may increase the toxic potential of Hg, while those >1 appear to enhance the protection against Hg toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Sobolev
- Northern (Arctic) Federal University Named After M. V. Lomonosov, Arctic Biomonitoring Laboratory, 163002 Arkhangelsk, Russia.
| | - Andrey Aksenov
- Northern (Arctic) Federal University Named After M. V. Lomonosov, Arctic Biomonitoring Laboratory, 163002 Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | - Tatiana Sorokina
- Northern (Arctic) Federal University Named After M. V. Lomonosov, Arctic Biomonitoring Laboratory, 163002 Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | - Valery Chashchin
- Northern (Arctic) Federal University Named After M. V. Lomonosov, Arctic Biomonitoring Laboratory, 163002 Arkhangelsk, Russia; Northwest Public Health Research Centre, 2-Sovetskaya, 191036 St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Dag G Ellingsen
- National Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 5330 Majorstua, N-0304 Oslo, Norway
| | - Evert Nieboer
- Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences, McMaster University, L9H 6C6 Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Yulia Varakina
- Northern (Arctic) Federal University Named After M. V. Lomonosov, Arctic Biomonitoring Laboratory, 163002 Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | - Elena Veselkina
- Northern (Arctic) Federal University Named After M. V. Lomonosov, Arctic Biomonitoring Laboratory, 163002 Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | - Dmitry Kotsur
- Northern (Arctic) Federal University Named After M. V. Lomonosov, Arctic Biomonitoring Laboratory, 163002 Arkhangelsk, Russia
| | - Yngvar Thomassen
- Northern (Arctic) Federal University Named After M. V. Lomonosov, Arctic Biomonitoring Laboratory, 163002 Arkhangelsk, Russia; National Institute of Occupational Health, P.O. Box 5330 Majorstua, N-0304 Oslo, Norway; Norwegian University of Life Sciences, N-1432 Ås, Norway; Institute of Ecology, National Research University Higher School of Economics, 101000 Moscow, Russia
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15
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Nasr M, Arp PA. Relating Fish Hg to Variations in Sediment Hg, Climate and Atmospheric Deposition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.4236/ajcc.2018.73024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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16
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Gmelch L, Hintelmann H, Hickie B, Kienberger H, Stern G, Rychlik M. Risk-Benefit Assessment of Monomethylmercury and Omega-3 Fatty Acid Intake for Ringed Seal Consumption with Particular Emphasis on Vulnerable Populations in the Western Canadian Arctic. Front Nutr 2017; 4:30. [PMID: 28798916 PMCID: PMC5526837 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2017.00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many northern Inuit communities rely on traditional food as major source of nourishment. An essential part of the traditional Arctic diet is marine mammals such as ringed seals or beluga. Being top predators, these animals are often highly contaminated with various toxins. In contrast, some tissues of marine mammals are also characterized by high amounts of n3-PUFAs (omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids). Here, we try to balance the risks associated with the consumption of different tissue types of ringed seals in terms of the neurotoxin monomethylmercury (MMHg) with the benefits of consumption due to high n3-PUFA concentrations. Fetuses are at the highest risk of neurological impairments because MMHg can easily cross the placental barrier. Therefore, women of childbearing age served as an indicator population for especially susceptible subpopulations. We calculated maximal weekly maternal portions sizes if mutual consumption of muscle and blubber tissue or liver and blubber tissue was assumed. Those weekly portion sizes resulted in an estimated overall IQ point gain of infants of 0, whereas the consumption of liver or muscle tissue without blubber could lead to an IQ loss. In contrast to former studies, our data do not generally prohibit the consumption of liver tissue. Instead, our results suggest that a maximal weekly consumption of 125 g liver tissue together with 1 g of blubber tissue is acceptable and does not lead to neurological damages in the long term. Similarly, the consumption of maximal 172 g muscle tissue can be balanced by the mutual consumption of 1 g blubber tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Gmelch
- Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Water Quality Centre, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
| | | | - Brendan Hickie
- Water Quality Centre, Trent University, Peterborough, ON, Canada
| | - Hermine Kienberger
- Bavarian Biomolecular Mass Spectrometry Center, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
| | - Gary Stern
- Clayton H. Riddell Faculty of Environment, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Michael Rychlik
- Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Coopers Plains, QLD, Australia
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Sundseth K, Pacyna JM, Pacyna EG, Pirrone N, Thorne RJ. Global Sources and Pathways of Mercury in the Context of Human Health. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14010105. [PMID: 28117743 PMCID: PMC5295355 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14010105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Revised: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This paper reviews information from the existing literature and the EU GMOS (Global Mercury Observation System) project to assess the current scientific knowledge on global mercury releases into the atmosphere, on global atmospheric transport and deposition, and on the linkage between environmental contamination and potential impacts on human health. The review concludes that assessment of global sources and pathways of mercury in the context of human health is important for being able to monitor the effects from implementation of the Minamata Convention targets, although new research is needed on the improvement of emission inventory data, the chemical and physical behaviour of mercury in the atmosphere, the improvement of monitoring network data, predictions of future emissions and speciation, and on the subsequent effects on the environment, human health, as well as the economic costs and benefits of reducing these aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyrre Sundseth
- NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Department of Environmental Impacts and Economics, Instituttveien 18, P.O. Box 100, Kjeller NO-2027, Norway.
| | - Jozef M Pacyna
- NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Department of Environmental Impacts and Economics, Instituttveien 18, P.O. Box 100, Kjeller NO-2027, Norway.
- AGH-University of Science and Technology, Department of Energy and Fuels, Krakow30-059, Poland.
| | - Elisabeth G Pacyna
- NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Department of Environmental Impacts and Economics, Instituttveien 18, P.O. Box 100, Kjeller NO-2027, Norway.
| | - Nicola Pirrone
- CNR-Institute of Atmospheric Pollution Research, Area della Ricerca Roma 1, Via Salaria Km 29 300, Monterotondo (Rome) 00015, Italy.
| | - Rebecca J Thorne
- NILU-Norwegian Institute for Air Research, Department of Environmental Impacts and Economics, Instituttveien 18, P.O. Box 100, Kjeller NO-2027, Norway.
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18
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva M. Krupp
- University of Aberdeen; Chemistry Department; Meston Walk Aberdeen AB24 3UE UK
| | - Zuzana Gajdosechova
- University of Aberdeen; Chemistry Department; Meston Walk Aberdeen AB24 3UE UK
| | - Tanja Schwerdtle
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutritional Science; Department of Food Chemistry; Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116 14558 Nuthetal Germany
| | - Hanna Lohren
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Nutritional Science; Department of Food Chemistry; Arthur-Scheunert-Allee 114-116 14558 Nuthetal Germany
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Abstract
Mercury pollution poses risks for both human and ecosystem health. As a consequence, controlling mercury pollution has become a policy goal on both global and national scales. We developed an assessment method linking global-scale atmospheric chemical transport modeling to regional-scale economic modeling to consistently evaluate the potential benefits to the United States of global (UN Minamata Convention on Mercury) and domestic [Mercury and Air Toxics Standards (MATS)] policies, framed as economic gains from avoiding mercury-related adverse health endpoints. This method attempts to trace the policies-to-impacts path while taking into account uncertainties and knowledge gaps with policy-appropriate bounding assumptions. We project that cumulative lifetime benefits from the Minamata Convention for individuals affected by 2050 are $339 billion (2005 USD), with a range from $1.4 billion to $575 billion in our sensitivity scenarios. Cumulative economy-wide benefits to the United States, realized by 2050, are $104 billion, with a range from $6 million to $171 billion. Projected Minamata benefits are more than twice those projected from the domestic policy. This relative benefit is robust to several uncertainties and variabilities, with the ratio of benefits (Minamata/MATS) ranging from ≈1.4 to 3. However, we find that for those consuming locally caught freshwater fish from the United States, rather than marine and estuarine fish from the global market, benefits are larger from US than global action, suggesting domestic policies are important for protecting these populations. Per megagram of prevented emissions, our domestic policy scenario results in US benefits about an order of magnitude higher than from our global scenario, further highlighting the importance of domestic action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Giang
- Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139;
| | - Noelle E Selin
- Institute for Data, Systems, and Society, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139; Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139
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The Influence of Climate Change on Atmospheric Deposition of Mercury in the Arctic—A Model Sensitivity Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:11254-68. [PMID: 26378551 PMCID: PMC4586673 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120911254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Mercury (Hg) is a global pollutant with adverse health effects on humans and wildlife. It is of special concern in the Arctic due to accumulation in the food web and exposure of the Arctic population through a rich marine diet. Climate change may alter the exposure of the Arctic population to Hg. We have investigated the effect of climate change on the atmospheric Hg transport to and deposition within the Arctic by making a sensitivity study of how the atmospheric chemistry-transport model Danish Eulerian Hemispheric Model (DEHM) reacts to climate change forcing. The total deposition of Hg to the Arctic is 18% lower in the 2090s compared to the 1990s under the applied Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES-A1B) climate scenario. Asia is the major anthropogenic source area (25% of the deposition to the Arctic) followed by Europe (6%) and North America (5%), with the rest arising from the background concentration, and this is independent of the climate. DEHM predicts between a 6% increase (Status Quo scenario) and a 37% decrease (zero anthropogenic emissions scenario) in Hg deposition to the Arctic depending on the applied emission scenario, while the combined effect of future climate and emission changes results in up to 47% lower Hg deposition.
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