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Pan Y, Wang W, Shui Y, Murphy JF, Huang YYS. Fabrication, sustainability, and key performance indicators of bioelectronics via fiber building blocks. CELL REPORTS. PHYSICAL SCIENCE 2024; 5:101930. [PMID: 39220756 PMCID: PMC11364162 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrp.2024.101930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Bioelectronics provide efficient information exchange between living systems and man-made devices, acting as a vital bridge in merging the domains of biology and technology. Using functional fibers as building blocks, bioelectronics could be hierarchically assembled with vast design possibilities across different scales, enhancing their application-specific biointegration, ergonomics, and sustainability. In this work, the authors review recent developments in bioelectronic fiber elements by reflecting on their fabrication approaches and key performance indicators, including the life cycle sustainability, environmental electromechanical performance, and functional adaptabilities. By delving into the challenges associated with physical deployment and exploring innovative design strategies for adaptability, we propose avenues for future development of bioelectronics via fiber building blocks, boosting the potential of "Fiber of Things" for market-ready bioelectronic products with minimized environmental impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifei Pan
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, CB2 1PZ Cambridge, UK
- The Nanoscience Centre, University of Cambridge, CB3 0FF Cambridge, UK
| | - Wenyu Wang
- Smart Manufacturing Thrust, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Shui
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, CB2 1PZ Cambridge, UK
- The Nanoscience Centre, University of Cambridge, CB3 0FF Cambridge, UK
| | - Jack F. Murphy
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, CB2 1PZ Cambridge, UK
- The Nanoscience Centre, University of Cambridge, CB3 0FF Cambridge, UK
| | - Yan Yan Shery Huang
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, CB2 1PZ Cambridge, UK
- The Nanoscience Centre, University of Cambridge, CB3 0FF Cambridge, UK
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Lee TW, Su YH, Chen C. Recovery and repurposing of waste isopropanol with CO 2-switchable deep eutectic solvents. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 896:165053. [PMID: 37348732 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
Abstract
Large amounts of waste isopropanol (IPA) are generated in industry, rendering the recovery of IPA highly desirable due to the economic and environmental benefits. Because it forms an azeotropic mixture with water, IPA is difficult to separate from the waste stream. In the present work, a novel CO2-switchable monoethanolamine-butanol deep eutectic solvent (DES) ([MEA][BuOH]) was identified as a superior medium for separating IPA and water at ambient temperature by forming butanol-IPA mixtures. The switchable solvent system combines the advantages of homogeneous and heterogeneous systems, i.e., rapid mixing due to the low mass transfer limitations and facile product separation, respectively. The low viscosity of [MEA][BuOH], the similar physical features (polarity, dipole moment, and dielectric constant) of butanol and IPA, and the H-bonding interactions of [BuOH] with IPA are thought to enable effective IPA capture from water by the butanol. Recovery of the IPA and formation of a butanol-IPA mixture is appealing because the resultant mixture could serve as an additive or substitute for alternative fuels. The results suggest that the developed process will provide a low-cost, energy-saving, effective, and environmentally benign route to recycling and repurposing waste IPA, an environmental hazard, as a potential alternative fuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Wei Lee
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hui Su
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan
| | - Chiaying Chen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan.
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Mullen E, Morris MA. Green Nanofabrication Opportunities in the Semiconductor Industry: A Life Cycle Perspective. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:1085. [PMID: 33922231 PMCID: PMC8146645 DOI: 10.3390/nano11051085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The turn of the 21st century heralded in the semiconductor age alongside the Anthropocene epoch, characterised by the ever-increasing human impact on the environment. The ecological consequences of semiconductor chip manufacturing are the most predominant within the electronics industry. This is due to current reliance upon large amounts of solvents, acids and gases that have numerous toxicological impacts. Management and assessment of hazardous chemicals is complicated by trade secrets and continual rapid change in the electronic manufacturing process. Of the many subprocesses involved in chip manufacturing, lithographic processes are of particular concern. Current developments in bottom-up lithography, such as directed self-assembly (DSA) of block copolymers (BCPs), are being considered as a next-generation technology for semiconductor chip production. These nanofabrication techniques present a novel opportunity for improving the sustainability of lithography by reducing the number of processing steps, energy and chemical waste products involved. At present, to the extent of our knowledge, there is no published life cycle assessment (LCA) evaluating the environmental impact of new bottom-up lithography versus conventional lithographic techniques. Quantification of this impact is central to verifying whether these new nanofabrication routes can replace conventional deposition techniques in industry as a more environmentally friendly option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleanor Mullen
- CRANN and AMBER Research Centres, School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, D02 W085 Dublin, Ireland
| | - Michael A. Morris
- CRANN and AMBER Research Centres, School of Chemistry, Trinity College Dublin, D02 W085 Dublin, Ireland
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Rebello S, Anoopkumar AN, Aneesh EM, Sindhu R, Binod P, Kim SH, Pandey A. Hazardous minerals mining: Challenges and solutions. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2021; 402:123474. [PMID: 32738780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Minerals are valuable resources gifted to man from the Mother Earth and quite often they need to be dug out from deep down with much effort to utilize them in many of our anthropogenic activities. The fascinating nature, colours as well as the physicochemical properties of minerals has extended their prospective value in the synthesis of various household and industrial products. However, knowledge of the mostly explored minerals, associated products, and their hazardous nature becomes relevant to its prevalence in our daily life. The harmful effects of some minerals are mostly evident from its site of occurrence, process of mining, post mining wastes left over and even in finished products. The current review focuses to evaluate the hazardous nature of minerals, cautions associated with its mining, drastic effects on human health, and ecosystem as an eye-opener to us. Finally, the effective remedies that could be implemented in the exploration of minerals are also discussed to the best of our knowledge. Bioleaching methods of rare earth elements and copper have been discussed briefly to explain the pros and cons of biological methods over conventional chemical leaching methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharrel Rebello
- Communicable Disease Research Laboratory, St. Joseph's College, Irinjalakuda, India
| | - A N Anoopkumar
- Communicable Disease Research Laboratory, St. Joseph's College, Irinjalakuda, India; Department of Zoology, Christ College, Irinjalakuda, University of Calicut, India
| | | | - Raveendran Sindhu
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum, 695 019, India
| | - Parameswaran Binod
- Microbial Processes and Technology Division, CSIR-National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, Trivandrum, 695 019, India
| | - Sang Hyoun Kim
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ashok Pandey
- Center for Innovation and Translational Research, CSIR- Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, 226 001, India; Frontier Research Lab, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Lee JH, Lee DH. Acute chemical ingestion in the under 19 population in South Korea: A brief report. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0242430. [PMID: 33186400 PMCID: PMC7665788 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0242430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most people are frequently exposed to chemicals and chemical products. This study provides basic information on the outcomes of acute chemical ingestion of patients aged under 19 years. METHODS Patients aged under 19 years who had ingested chemicals and thus visited the emergency department between January 2011 and December 2016 were included in this study. RESULTS In all, 1,247 patients included (1,145 in the unintentional group and 102 in the intentional group). The mean age was 3.27±4.77 in the unintentional ingestion group and 16.49±1.94 in the intentional group. In the unintentional group, detergents were most frequently ingested (by 219 patients), followed by hypochlorite-based agents, ethanol, sodium hydroxide, acetone, silica gel, and citric acid. Cases of boric acid (odds ratio [OR] = 6.131), ethylene glycol (OR = 6.541), glacial acetic acid (OR = 7.644), other hydrocarbons (OR = 4.496), hypochlorite-based agent (OR = 2.627), nicotine (OR = 5.635), and sodium peroxocarbonate (OR = 6.783) ingestion was associated with a significantly high admission rate. In the intentional group, there were 54 cases of ingestion of hypochlorite-based agent, followed by detergent, ethylene glycol, ethanol, methanol and sodium peroxycarbonate. The significant risk factors for admission in the intentional group were ingestion of ethylene glycol (OR = 37.333) and hypochlorite-based agent (OR = 5.026). There was no mortality case. CONCLUSION The most commonly ingested substances were sodium hypochlorite (hypochlorite-related agent), surfactants (detergent and soap), and ethanol. The ingestion of hypochlorite or ethylene glycol was the main risk factor for admission. Intentional ingestion was higher in adolescents than in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hee Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Duk Hee Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
- * E-mail:
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Kaneko R, Sato Y, Kobayashi Y. Manufacturing Industry Cancer Risk in Japan: A Multicenter Hospital-Based Case Control Study. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2020; 21:2697-2707. [PMID: 32986371 PMCID: PMC7779432 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2020.21.9.2697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: It is well known that specific occupations can cause harm in developing malignant neoplasms. Chemical exposure is particularly high in the manufacturing industry and workers in this sector may face a higher occupational risk for cancer. We aimed to estimate inequalities in the risk of cancers related to occupational chemical exposure in various manufacturing categories. Methods: Using nationwide clinical inpatient data (1984−2017) in Japan, we undertook a multicenter, case-control study with regard to risks of developing cancers among various manufacturing industry categories. Using the food manufacturing industry as the reference group, odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for each industry were estimated by conditional logistic regression, adjusted for sex, age, admission period, and the admitting hospital. Medical record summaries accounting for 89% of industrial categories with high odds ratios were collected to confirm diagnoses made on the basis of histology. We estimated industrial hazards based on the Pollutant Release and Transfer Register. Results: A reduced risk for some of common cancers was observed among lumber and wood products industries. Leather tanning, leather products and fur tended to show a higher risk: 2.36 (95% CI 1.15−4.83) for pancreatic cancer, 2.85 (95% CI 1.26−6.47) for liver cancer and 2.00 (95% CI 1.01–3.99) for lung cancer. For the electronics category, observations of high risk ranged from 2.09 (95%CI 1.18–3.70) for ureter cancer, to 2.49 (95% CI 1.79–3.55) for kidney cancer. Conclusions: This study revealed industry risk inequalities in manufacturing categories were present with regard to the risk of common cancers in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rena Kaneko
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanto Rosai Hospital, 1-1 Kizukisumiyoshi-cho, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 211-8510 Japan.,Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
| | - Yuzuru Sato
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanto Rosai Hospital, 1-1 Kizukisumiyoshi-cho, Nakahara-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, 211-8510 Japan
| | - Yasuki Kobayashi
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033 Japan
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Lee JH, Lee DH. Types and clinical outcomes of chemical ingestion in emergency departments in South Korea (2011-2016). PLoS One 2020; 15:e0229939. [PMID: 32130274 PMCID: PMC7055891 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0229939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aims to provide basic data on the types and frequency of chemical ingestions and the clinical outcomes of chemical ingestion injury. Methods This study retrospectively analyzed the data obtained from the Emergency Department-Based Injury In-depth Surveillance of the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (South Korea) from 2011 to 2016. Patients ingesting chemicals aged ≥ 18 years were included, but those ingesting unknown chemical substances or with unknown clinical outcomes were excluded. Results This study included 2,712 (47.2% were men and 52.8% were women, mean age, 47.05 years) patients ingesting chemicals. Unintentional and intentional ingestions were reported in 1,673 (61.7%) and 1,039 (38.3%), respectively. The most commonly ingested chemical substances were hypochlorites, detergents, ethanol, and acetic acid. In the unintentional ingestion group, the most common chemicals upon admission were hypochlorites (74), glacial acetic acid (60), and detergent (33). The admission rates were 60% for glacial acetic acid, 58.3% ethylene glycol, and 30.4% other alkali agents. In the intentional ingestion group, the most common chemicals upon admission were hypochlorites (242), glacial acetic acid (79), ethylene glycol (42), and detergent (41). The admission rates were 91.9% for glacial acetic acid, 87.5% ethylene glycol, 85.7% potassium cyanide, and 81.4% hydrochloric acid. In total, 79 deaths (10 unintentional ingestions, 69 intentional ingestion) were reported, and glacial acetic acid had an odds ratio of 9.299 for mortality. Conclusion We compared the intentional and unintentional ingestion groups, and analyzed the factors affecting hospital admission and mortality in each group. The types and clinical outcomes of chemical ingestion varied depending on the purpose of chemical ingestion. The findings are considered beneficial in establishing treatment policies for patients ingesting chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Hee Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Duk Hee Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
- * E-mail:
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Kim K, Sung HK, Lee K, Park SK. Semiconductor Work and the Risk of Spontaneous Abortion: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16234626. [PMID: 31766392 PMCID: PMC6926641 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16234626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: In the semiconductor industry, female workers were identified as having an increased risk of spontaneous abortion (SA). To date, the association between semiconductor work and SA is controversial. We aimed to assess the association between semiconductor work and specific processes and SA, in the semiconductor industry. (2) Methods: A literature search was conducted using databases such as PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library, and other core databases, from the date of inception of these databases to 31 July 2019. Studies that identified SA risk in female workers in the semiconductor industry were included. (3) Results: We identified 529 studies, of which six studies were included in the meta-analysis. During 1980–1993, the risk of SA in fabrication (Fab) workers was significantly higher than non-Fab workers (RR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.05–1.57). Photolithography workers had a higher SA risk than non-process and office workers (RR, 1.41; 95% CI, 1.13–1.77). (4) Conclusion: Meta-analysis indicates a statistically significant association between Fab-work and SA. Specific process and chemical exposure meta-analyses need to be interpreted carefully considering bias. Because of the rapid change in the semiconductor industry, it is necessary to conduct an elaborate cohort study taking into consideration the current working environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungsik Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea;
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
| | - Ho Kyung Sung
- National Emergency Medical Center, National Medical Center, Seoul 04564, Korea;
| | - Kwan Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 38066, Korea;
| | - Sue K. Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea;
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 03080, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-2-740-8338; Fax: +82-2-747-4830
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