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Katende D, Rydz E, Quinn EK, Heer E, Shrestha R, Fazel SS, Peters CE. Overrepresentation of New Workers in Jobs with Multiple Carcinogen Exposures in Canada. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2024; 21:1013. [PMID: 39200624 PMCID: PMC11354117 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph21081013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024]
Abstract
Background. In Canada, understanding the demographic and job-related factors influencing the prevalence of new workers and their exposure to potential carcinogens is crucial for improving workplace safety and guiding policy interventions. Methods. Logistic regression was performed on the 2017 Labour Force Survey (LFS), to estimate the likelihood of being a new worker based on age, industry, occupation, season, and immigration status. Participants were categorized by sector and occupation using the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) 2017 Version 1.0 and National Occupational Classification (NOC) system 2016 Version 1.0. Finally, an exposures-per-worker metric was used to highlight the hazardous exposures new workers encounter in their jobs and industries. Results. Individuals younger than 25 years had 3.24 times the odds of being new workers compared to those in the 25-39 age group (adjusted odds ratios (OR) = 3.24, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 3.18, 3.31). Recent immigrants (less than 10 years in the country) were more likely to be new workers than those with Canadian citizenship (OR 1.36, 95% CI: 1.32, 1.41). The total workforce exposures-per-worker metric using CAREX Canada data was 0.56. By occupation, new workers were the most overrepresented in jobs in natural resources and agriculture (20.5% new workers), where they also experienced a high exposures-per-worker metric (1.57). Conclusions. Younger workers (under 25 years) and recent immigrants who had arrived 10 or fewer years prior were more likely to be new workers, and were overrepresented in jobs with more frequent hazardous exposures (Construction, Agriculture, and Trades).
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Affiliation(s)
- Disann Katende
- CAREX Canada, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; (D.K.); (E.K.Q.)
| | - Elizabeth Rydz
- CAREX Canada, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; (D.K.); (E.K.Q.)
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Emma K. Quinn
- CAREX Canada, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; (D.K.); (E.K.Q.)
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Emily Heer
- CAREX Canada, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; (D.K.); (E.K.Q.)
| | - Raissa Shrestha
- CAREX Canada, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; (D.K.); (E.K.Q.)
| | - Sajjad S. Fazel
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Cheryl E. Peters
- CAREX Canada, School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada; (D.K.); (E.K.Q.)
- Department of Oncology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
- BC Centre for Disease Control, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4R4, Canada
- BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E6, Canada
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Backhaus I, Dragano N, Di Tecco C, Iavicoli S, Hoven H. Trends in negative interpersonal relationships at work and awareness of occupational safety and health services: a 2014-2019 trend analysis. J Occup Health 2024; 66:uiae043. [PMID: 39129668 PMCID: PMC11372296 DOI: 10.1093/joccuh/uiae043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A good psychosocial climate at work, including positive interpersonal relationships, is a protective factor for health, whereas social conflict imposes a considerable health risk. Occupational safety and health (OSH) services can help create a positive working environment. In the present study, we analyzed trends in the awareness of OSH services and interpersonal relationships and whether these are linked. METHODS We used time series data from the Italian Survey on Health and Safety at Work (INSuLa) from 2014 and 2019 (n = 16 000 employees). Negative interpersonal relationships included workplace bullying and lack of workplace support. The availability of OSH services was measured through items inquiring about the awareness of OSH representatives and OSH training. We used Poisson regression in reporting prevalence ratios and provided predicted probabilities and average marginal effects to show trends and differences in interpersonal relationships and OSH availability. RESULTS Our findings suggest that negative interpersonal relationships at work increased, whereas awareness about OSH services declined between 2014 and 2019. These trends were particularly strong for young workers, for whom workplace bullying increased by 6.3% and awareness of OSH training declined by 11.7%. We also found that unawareness about OSH services is associated with negative interpersonal relationships at work. CONCLUSION The results suggest that low OSH awareness may be an increasing problem, whereas exposure to an adverse social climate at work became more frequent at the same time. Given the role of OSH services in ensuring a positive working climate, it is important to increase workers' awareness about OSH services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insa Backhaus
- Centre for Health and Society, Institute of Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Centre for Global Health Inequalities Research (CHAIN), Department of Sociology and Political Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Tondheim, Norway
| | - Nico Dragano
- Centre for Health and Society, Institute of Medical Sociology, Medical Faculty, University of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Cristina Di Tecco
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Italian Workers' Compensation Authority (INAIL), Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Iavicoli
- Directorate for Communication and International Affairs, Ministry of Health, Rome, Italy
| | - Hanno Hoven
- Centre for Global Health Inequalities Research (CHAIN), Department of Sociology and Political Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Tondheim, Norway
- Institute for Occupational and Maritime Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
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Turner N, Deng C, Granger S, Wingate TG, Shafqat R, Dueck PM. Young workers and safety: A critical review and future research agenda. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2022; 83:79-95. [PMID: 36481039 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2022.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Research on young worker safety often relies on inconsistent definitions of young workers and poorly delineated indicators of occupational safety. This review aims to reconcile these fundamental issues by critically integrating research across disciplines and providing clear directions for future research on young worker safety. METHOD We critically review the extant research on young worker safety. RESULTS We first reconcile the inconsistent definitions of young workers and specify the indicators of occupational safety used in young worker safety research. We next describe the prevalence of workplace injuries and population-level predictors of these injuries among young workers and then outline other factors that increase young workers' susceptibility to workplace injuries. Finally, we discuss the convergence of many of these issues on family farms-a context commonly studied in young worker safety research. CONCLUSIONS Clearer definitions of young workers and indicators of occupational safety can improve the interpretation and comparability of extant research findings. Furthermore, the prevalence of workplace injuries and population-level predictors of injury among young workers are subject to the interactions among age, gender, minority status, and job characteristics. Other factors that increase young workers' susceptibility to injury include young workers' responses to hazardous work, individual differences stemming from young workers' biological and psychological development, managerial attitudes about young workers, and the limited safety training young workers are thus provided, the types of work that young workers typically perform, and the range of social influences on young workers. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Safety campaigns and safety training should consider interactions among young workers' age, gender, minority status, and job characteristics, rather than considering these features independently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nick Turner
- Haskayne School of Business, University of Calgary, Canada.
| | - Connie Deng
- Haskayne School of Business, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Steve Granger
- Haskayne School of Business, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Timothy G Wingate
- Haskayne School of Business, University of Calgary, Canada; Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Rabeel Shafqat
- Haskayne School of Business, University of Calgary, Canada
| | - Paul M Dueck
- Asper School of Business, University of Manitoba, Canada
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Ni G, Lv L, Wang S, Miao X, Fang Y, Liu Q. Formation Mechanism and Dynamic Evolution Laws About Unsafe Behavior of New Generation of Construction Workers Based on China's Construction Industry: Application of Grounded Theory and System Dynamics. Front Psychol 2022; 13:888060. [PMID: 35558713 PMCID: PMC9087859 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.888060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Construction workers' unsafe behavior is a major cause of safety accidents and injuries, therefore, a profound understanding of the formation process and evolution laws about construction workers' unsafe behavior is conducive to taking measures to prevent incidents. At present, the new generation of construction workers (NGCWs) born after 1980 are gradually becoming the main force at construction sites in China. Given that generational differences of construction workers can cause the discrepancies in their thoughts and attitudes when engaging in safety-related activities, this study aims to investigate the formation mechanism and dynamic evolution laws about NGCWs' unsafe behavior based on the context of China's construction industry. From the perspective of behavior motivation, in-depth semi-structured interviews with 18 NGCWs and 7 grassroots managers were conducted, and data analysis followed a three-step coding process based on grounded theory. Through continuous comparison, abstraction and analysis, the stimulus-organism-response theory was introduced and expanded to construct a three-stage formation mechanism model. On this basis, the causal diagram and stock flow diagram were developed based on system dynamics principles to reflect the dynamic feedback relationships of the factors in the static formation mechanism model, and simulation was carried out using Vensim PLE software. The results show that three types of internal needs and three types of external incentives stimulate corresponding motivations for NGCWs' unsafe behavior. Two types of individual factors, five types of situational factors and behavior result play an influencing role in the decision-making process of externalizing motivation into behavior. Under the synergistic effect of multiple factors, the level of unsafe behavior displays a downward trend, and the rate of decrease is slow first and then fast. Furthermore, among individual factors and situational factors, safety awareness and safety management system have the most significant effect on the level of unsafe behavior, while situational factors play a more obvious role. The findings can provide theoretical support and practical references to China's construction companies and government departments for the purpose of improving NGCWs' unsafe behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Ni
- School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, Research Center for Digitalized Construction and Knowledge Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Lei Lv
- School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Shaobo Wang
- School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xinyue Miao
- School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yaqi Fang
- School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, China
| | - Qing Liu
- School of Civil Engineering, Xuzhou University of Technology, Xuzhou, China
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Modern Aspects of Psychophysiological Selection of Employees for High-risk Work. Fam Med 2021. [DOI: 10.30841/2307-5112.5-6.2021.253012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In Ukraine, as in the rest of the world, the problem of the impact of occupational hazards and peculiarities of the labor process on higher nervous activity and general health of the working contingent remains relevant.
The issue of fitness to work of employees, especially of dangerous, extreme professions is due to the extraordinary financial and economic, medical, social and psychological urgency of the problem.
In the aspect of psychological and psychophysiological diagnosis, a large number of methodological approaches have been developed. Thorough psychophysiological diagnosis is the basis for predicting the effectiveness of employees and psychophysiological characteristics of the labor process.
Thus, a wide variety of developed methodological approaches in modern conditions allows for effective psychophysiological examination of a particular field of activity of employees involved in high-risk work and opens further prospects for improving the psychophysiological support of professional activities of these persons.
There is a need for theoretical substantiation and development of measures to improve the professional psychophysiological selection of industrial employees to perform high-risk work with further implementation and evaluation of medical, social and economic efficiency.
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Ronchetti M, Russo S, Di Tecco C, Iavicoli S. How Much Does My Work Affect My Health? The Relationships between Working Conditions and Health in an Italian Survey. Saf Health Work 2021; 12:370-376. [PMID: 34527399 PMCID: PMC8430439 DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKROUND Working condition surveys are widely recognized as useful tools for monitoring the quality of working life and the improvements introduced by health and safety policy frameworks at the European and national level. The Italian Workers' Compensation Authority carried out a national survey (Insula) to investigate the employer's perceptions related to working conditions and their impact on health. METHODS The present study is based on the data collected from the Italian survey on health and safety at work (INSULA) conducted on a representative sample of the Italian workforce (n = 8,000). This focuses on the relationship between psychosocial risk factors and self-reported health using a set of logistic and linear regression models. RESULTS Working conditions such as managerial support, job satisfaction, and role act as protective factors on mental and physical health. On the contrary, workers' risk perceptions related to personal exposure to occupational safety and health risks, concern about health conditions, and work-related stress risk exposure determine a poorer state of health. CONCLUSIONS This study highlights the link between working conditions and self-report health, and this aims to provide a contribution in the field of health at work. Findings show that working conditions must be object of specific preventive measures to improve the workers' health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Ronchetti
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene - Italian Workers Compensation Authority (INAIL), Monte Porzio Catone, Rome, Italy
| | - Simone Russo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene - Italian Workers Compensation Authority (INAIL), Monte Porzio Catone, Rome, Italy
| | - Cristina Di Tecco
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene - Italian Workers Compensation Authority (INAIL), Monte Porzio Catone, Rome, Italy
| | - Sergio Iavicoli
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene - Italian Workers Compensation Authority (INAIL), Monte Porzio Catone, Rome, Italy
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Sense of security when new at work: a thematic analysis of interviews with young adult retail workers in Sweden. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF WORKPLACE HEALTH MANAGEMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1108/ijwhm-03-2021-0049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PurposePositive examples of situations in which young adults new at work experience feeling secure in the role as novice in the work force are here focused. The aim is to analyze how young adults who are new to the labor market express having a sense of security in the workplace. The long-term goal is to strengthen the conditions for the health and wellbeing of workers entering the retail labor market.Design/methodology/approachThirteen individual in-depth telephone/video-interviews were conducted with young adults (aged 18–28) working within the retail sector in Sweden. Using a thematic interview schedule, the interviews focused how the interviewees contextualizing stories on being novice at the labor market. The study is based on those parts of the material in which stories on feeling secure was expressed.FindingsThe analysis resulted in two themes: A sense of security is related to carrying out work safely and a sense of security is related to receiving support. The first theme illuminates how work is structured and safety training respectively contributes to a sense of security and the latter reveal how social support from a variety of sources (managers, colleagues and others outside the work environment) contributes to a sense of security when new at work.Originality/valueUsing a health promoting perspective, the study complements the existing perspectives of challenges faced by novices as they enter working life. Also, the study highlights the importance of including relations outside the workplace when searching for the understanding of the experiences of being new at work. The study indicates that focusing on the sense of security by well-structured work, safety training and social support might contribute to the strive for a sustainable working life for young adults.
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Yang L, Branscum A, Bovbjerg V, Cude C, Weston C, Kincl L. Assessing disabling and non-disabling injuries and illnesses using accepted workers compensation claims data to prioritize industries of high risk for Oregon young workers. JOURNAL OF SAFETY RESEARCH 2021; 77:241-254. [PMID: 34092315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsr.2021.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Young workers are especially vulnerable to occupational injuries and illnesses. There is a continued need to investigate injury burden among young workers across demographics and industry to inform targeted interventions. Workers compensation (WC) claims are important for quantifying work-related injuries and illnesses, however published studies have focused on disabling claims. This study extended previous research on Oregon young workers by including the most recent WC claims data to identify patterns of injury and high risk industries. METHODS We obtained all accepted disabling claims (N = 13,360) and a significant portion of non-disabling claims (N = 24,660) on workers aged 24 years and under from 2013 to 2018. Claim count, rate and cost were calculated by year, age, gender, industry, and injury type. A prevention index (PI) method was used to rank industries in order to inform prevention efforts. RESULTS Average annual disabling and non-disabling claim rates were 111.6 and 401.3 per 10,000 young workers. Workers aged 19-21 (disabling: 119.0 per 10,000 and non-disabling: 429.3) and 22-24 years (115.7 and 396.4) and male workers (145.3 and 509.0) had higher claim rates than workers aged 14-18 (80.6 and 297.0) and female workers (79.8 and 282.9). The most frequent injury types were "struck by/against" (35.6%) and "work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs)" (19.5%). High risk industries included agriculture, construction, and manufacturing for both genders combined. For female young workers, the highest risk industry was healthcare. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrated the added value of non-disabling WC claims data. Using both disabling and non-disabling data and PI method, agriculture, construction, manufacturing and healthcare industries were identified as priority workplaces to prevent common and costly injuries among Oregon young workers. Practical Applications: While the industries identified are considered hazardous for all workers, findings in this study can guide targeted research and prevention efforts specific to young workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Yang
- Oregon State University, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, United States.
| | - Adam Branscum
- Oregon State University, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, United States
| | - Viktor Bovbjerg
- Oregon State University, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, United States
| | - Curtis Cude
- Oregon Health Authority, Public Health Division, United States
| | - Crystal Weston
- Oregon Health Authority, Public Health Division, United States
| | - Laurel Kincl
- Oregon State University, College of Public Health and Human Sciences, United States
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Ni G, Zhu Y, Zhang Z, Qiao Y, Li H, Xu N, Deng Y, Yuan Z, Wang W. Influencing Mechanism of Job Satisfaction on Safety Behavior of New Generation of Construction Workers Based on Chinese Context: The Mediating Roles of Work Engagement and Safety Knowledge Sharing. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E8361. [PMID: 33198114 PMCID: PMC7697761 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17228361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
China's construction industry developed rapidly and safety production has become a vital issue. Improving the safety behavior of construction workers is an important measure to effectively decrease construction safety accidents. At present, a New Generation of Construction Workers (NGCWs) born after 1980 has gradually become the main force of construction companies in China and the special group characteristics coming from the intergenerational difference may make them behave differently in safety-related activities, therefore, it is very important to study how to promote their safety behavior. This paper aimed to explore the influencing mechanism of job satisfaction on the safety behavior of NGCWs and examine the mediating role of safety knowledge sharing and work engagement. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling analysis were applied to test the theoretical model. Empirical research results indicated that job satisfaction can effectively promote safety behavior through safety knowledge sharing and work engagement. Safety knowledge sharing plays a complete mediating role between job satisfaction and safety compliance behavior, as well as between job satisfaction and safety participation behavior. Moreover, work engagement plays a complete mediating role between job satisfaction and safety participation behavior, which can provide valuable management references for China's construction companies to strengthen their safety behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Ni
- School of Mechanics & Civil Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.Q.); (H.L.); (N.X.); (Y.D.); (Z.Y.); (W.W.)
- Research Center for Digitalized Construction and Knowledge Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhu
- School of Mechanics & Civil Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.Q.); (H.L.); (N.X.); (Y.D.); (Z.Y.); (W.W.)
| | - Ziyao Zhang
- School of Mechanics & Civil Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.Q.); (H.L.); (N.X.); (Y.D.); (Z.Y.); (W.W.)
| | - Yaning Qiao
- School of Mechanics & Civil Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.Q.); (H.L.); (N.X.); (Y.D.); (Z.Y.); (W.W.)
- Research Center for Digitalized Construction and Knowledge Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Huaikun Li
- School of Mechanics & Civil Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.Q.); (H.L.); (N.X.); (Y.D.); (Z.Y.); (W.W.)
| | - Na Xu
- School of Mechanics & Civil Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.Q.); (H.L.); (N.X.); (Y.D.); (Z.Y.); (W.W.)
- Research Center for Digitalized Construction and Knowledge Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Yongliang Deng
- School of Mechanics & Civil Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.Q.); (H.L.); (N.X.); (Y.D.); (Z.Y.); (W.W.)
- Research Center for Digitalized Construction and Knowledge Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Zhenmin Yuan
- School of Mechanics & Civil Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.Q.); (H.L.); (N.X.); (Y.D.); (Z.Y.); (W.W.)
- Research Center for Digitalized Construction and Knowledge Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Wenshun Wang
- School of Mechanics & Civil Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China; (Y.Z.); (Z.Z.); (Y.Q.); (H.L.); (N.X.); (Y.D.); (Z.Y.); (W.W.)
- Research Center for Digitalized Construction and Knowledge Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou 221116, China
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Reuter M, Wahrendorf M, Di Tecco C, Probst TM, Chirumbolo A, Ritz-Timme S, Barbaranelli C, Iavicoli S, Dragano N. Precarious employment and self-reported experiences of unwanted sexual attention and sexual harassment at work. An analysis of the European Working Conditions Survey. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233683. [PMID: 32463826 PMCID: PMC7255602 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Unwanted sexual attention (UWSA) and sexual harassment (SH) are prevalent experiences for women in working life and often accompanied by poor health. Despite increasing numbers especially of young people working in insecure and irregular employment settings, there is little empirical evidence if such precarious arrangements are associated with UWSA or SH. To investigate this, we used a representative sample of the European working population consisting of 63,966 employees in 33 countries who participated in the European Working Conditions Survey in 2010 or 2015. Precarious employment (PE) was assessed on the basis of seven indicators and a formative index derived from them: temporary employment, contractual duration < 1 year, schedule unpredictability, involuntary part-time, low information on occupational health and safety risks (OSH), low pay (wage < 60%), and multiple job-holding. We measured self-reported experiences of workplace UWSA during the last month and SH during the last 12 months each using a single-item questionnaire. Multi-level Poisson regressions were used to estimate prevalence ratios for UWSA and SH according to PE adjusted for survey year, age, education, type of household, migration background, job tenure, weekly working hours, occupational position, working sector, company size, workplace gender ratio, and visiting customers or clients. 0.8% of men reported UWSA in the last month and 2.6% of the women. SH in the last year was reported by 0.4% of the men and 1.3% of the women. For both men and women, PE was significantly associated with elevated prevalence of UWSA and SH, in particular when reporting schedule unpredictability, multiple job-holding and low information on OSH. Our results suggest that precariously employed individuals may be more prone to experience unwanted sexual behaviour at the workplace compared with workers in non-precarious settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Reuter
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Morten Wahrendorf
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Cristina Di Tecco
- Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority (INAIL), Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Monte Porzio Catone Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Tahira M. Probst
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Vancouver, Washington, United States of America
| | | | - Stefanie Ritz-Timme
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Sergio Iavicoli
- Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority (INAIL), Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Monte Porzio Catone Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Nico Dragano
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, University of Duesseldorf, Duesseldorf, Germany
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Di Tecco C, Fontana L, Adamo G, Petyx M, Iavicoli S. Gender differences and occupational factors for the risk of obesity in the Italian working population. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:706. [PMID: 32416721 PMCID: PMC7229582 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-08817-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a multifactorial condition and a major risk factor associated with several non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular disease, and with a higher risk of premature death and disability. Sex-specific factors have key roles and must be taken into consideration in studying occupational factors associated with the risk of obesity. The aim of this study was to investigate gender differences in body mass index (BMI) in a large cohort representative of Italian workers and, correlating this index with several demographic and occupational variables, to verify sex- and work-dependent differences in the risk of obesity. METHODS We utilized data from INSuLa, a cross-sectional, nationally representative survey of the Italian worker population conducted in 2013 by the Italian Workers' Compensation Authority to investigate health and safety at work. Analyses were run on a sample of 8000 Italian workers, aged from 16 to 64 years. Logistic regression models were employed to assess gender differences in the relation between occupational characteristics and BMI. We adjusted for age, education, variables related to health protection at work, and chronic conditions and diseases. RESULTS There were several significant differences in the BMI between males and females, linked to some occupational factors. For instance, female shift workers were 1.32 times (95% CI 1.11-1.57) more likely to be overweight or obese than normal-weight workers, and this association was maintained when controlling for confounders. The likelihood of overweight or obesity among women who worked 1-2 night shifts per week was significantly higher - 1.5-1.6 times - than those on day shifts. CONCLUSIONS Gender-specific differences in occupational factors associated with the risk of obesity are useful with a view to characterizing this risk and helping identify workplace-targeted intervention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Di Tecco
- Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority (INAIL), Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Monte Porzio Catone, 00078 Rome, Italy
| | - L. Fontana
- Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority (INAIL), Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Monte Porzio Catone, 00078 Rome, Italy
| | - G. Adamo
- Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority (INAIL), Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Monte Porzio Catone, 00078 Rome, Italy
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - M. Petyx
- Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority (INAIL), Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Monte Porzio Catone, 00078 Rome, Italy
| | - S. Iavicoli
- Italian Workers’ Compensation Authority (INAIL), Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, Monte Porzio Catone, 00078 Rome, Italy
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Reuter M, Wahrendorf M, Di Tecco C, Probst TM, Ruhle S, Ghezzi V, Barbaranelli C, Iavicoli S, Dragano N. Do Temporary Workers More Often Decide to Work While Sick? Evidence for the Link between Employment Contract and Presenteeism in Europe. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16101868. [PMID: 31137850 PMCID: PMC6572370 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16101868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
European employees are increasingly likely to work in cases of illness (sickness presenteeism, SP). Past studies found inconsistent evidence for the assumption that temporary workers decide to avoid taking sick leave due to job insecurity. A new measure to identify decision-based determinants of SP is presenteeism propensity (PP), which is the number of days worked while ill in relation to the sum of days worked while ill and days taken sickness absence. We investigated the link between employment contract and PP using cross-sectional data from 20,240 employees participating in the 2015 European Working Conditions Survey. Workers were grouped by type and duration of employment contract. The link between contract and PP was estimated using a multilevel Poisson model adjusted for socio-demographical, occupational and health-related covariates. We found that European employees worked 39% of the days they were ill. In contrast to previous studies, temporary workers were significantly more likely to decide for presenteeism than permanent workers were, especially when the contract was limited to less than 1 year. Controlling for perceived job insecurity did just marginally attenuate this association. Presenteeism was also more common among young and middle-aged workers; however, we did not find a significant interaction between contract and age affecting presenteeism. In conclusion, the employment contract is an important determinant of presenteeism. Our results give reason to believe that temporary workers show increased attendance behavior independent of job insecurity, because they are less likely to have access to social protection in case of illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marvin Reuter
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, University of Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Morten Wahrendorf
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, University of Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Cristina Di Tecco
- Italian Workers' Compensation Authority (INAIL), Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, 00078 Monte Porzio Catone Rome, Italy.
| | - Tahira M Probst
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA 98686, USA.
| | - Sascha Ruhle
- Chair of Business Administration, in particular Work, Human Resource Management and Organization Studies, Faculty of Business Administration and Economics, University of Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
| | - Valerio Ghezzi
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Sergio Iavicoli
- Italian Workers' Compensation Authority (INAIL), Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene, 00078 Monte Porzio Catone Rome, Italy.
| | - Nico Dragano
- Institute of Medical Sociology, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, University of Duesseldorf, 40225 Duesseldorf, Germany.
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