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Seo Y, Yoon Y, Lee M, Jang M, Kim TH, Kim Y, Yoo HY, Min J, Lee T. Rapid electrochemical biosensor composed of DNA probe/iridium nanoparticle bilayer for Aphanizomenon flos-aquae detection in fresh water. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 225:113218. [PMID: 36871331 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Toxic cyanobacteria pose a serious threat to aquatic ecosystems and require adequate detection and control systems. Aphanizomenon flos-aquae is a harmful cyanobacterium that produces the toxicant saxitoxin. Therefore, it is necessary to detect the presence of A. flos-aquae in lakes and rivers. We proposed a rapid electrochemical biosensor composed of DNA primer/iridium nanoparticles (IrNP) bilyer for the detection of A. flos-aquae in freshwater. The extracted A. flos-aquae gene (rbcL-rbcX) is used as a target, and it was fixed to the electrode using a 5'-thiolated DNA primer (capture probe). Then, Avidin@IrNPs complex for amplification of electrical signals was bound to the target through a 3'-biotinylated DNA primer (detection probe). To rapidly detect the target, an alternating current electrothermal flow technique was introduced in the detection step, which could reduce the detection time to within 20 min. To confirm the biosensor fabrication, atomic force microscopy was used to investigate the surface morphology. To evaluate the biosensor performance, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used. The target gene was detected at a concentration of 9.99 pg/mL in tap water, and the detection range was 0.1 ng/mL to 103 ng/mL with high selectivity. Based on the combined system, we employed A. flos-aquae in tap water. This rapid cyanobacteria detection system is a powerful tool for CyanoHABs in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoseph Seo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Yejin Yoon
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoungro Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Moonbong Jang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hyung Kim
- School of Integrative Engineering Chung-Ang University, Heukseok-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06910, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghun Kim
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea
| | - Hah Young Yoo
- Department of Biotechnology, Sangmyung University, 20, Hongjimun 2-Gil, Jongno-Gu, Seoul 03016, Republic of Korea.
| | - Junhong Min
- School of Integrative Engineering Chung-Ang University, Heukseok-dong, Dongjak-gu, Seoul 06910, Republic of Korea.
| | - Taek Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Kwangwoon University, 20 Kwangwoon-Ro, Nowon-Gu, Seoul 01897, Republic of Korea.
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Franklin HM, Podduturi R, Jørgensen NO, Roberts DT, Schlüter L, Burford MA. Potential sources and producers of 2-methylisoborneol and geosmin in a river supplying a drinking water treatment plant. CHEMICAL ENGINEERING JOURNAL ADVANCES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceja.2023.100455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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Yadav S, Anam GB, Ahn YH. Comparative growth characteristics and interspecific competitive interaction of two cyanobacteria, Phormidium autumnale and Nostoc sp. . JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY 2022; 51:78-89. [PMID: 34786721 DOI: 10.1002/jeq2.20305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the growth characteristics and competitive interaction of two cyanobacteria, Phormidium autumnale GJ_2B_I1 and Nostoc sp. DS_2B_I1, which were newly isolated from a southeast river (Nakdong) during the cyanobacterial harmful algal bloom (CyanoHAB) season in Korea. As major environmental parameters, water temperature (25 and 30 °C) and alkalinity (19-78 mg CaCO3 L-1 ) and nitrate concentration (1.5-3.5 mg NO3 -N L-1 ) were selected based on the water environmental monitoring data during the CyanoHAB season. Unlike P. autumnale, Nostoc sp. has a relatively high growth rate under both monoculture and co-culture and prefers the maximum environmental conditions (30 °C and 78 mg CaCO3 L-1 ; pH 9) during the CyanoHAB season. In addition, the growth of P. autumnale is relatively unaffected by alkalinity. Nitrogen (N) stress also has a limiting effect in the interspecific interactions of both cyanobacterial strains. All other cases except for Nostoc sp. in a co-culture showed a considerable increase in growth rate with increasing N content (1.5-3.5 mg NO3 -N L-1 ), showing 20-64% under the minimum field conditions (25 °C and 19 mg CaCO3 L-1 ; pH 7) and 18-140% under the maximum field conditions. The results show that the growth of P. autumnale can be stimulated by enhanced N stress. On the other hand, Nostoc sp. is less affected by N stress compared with P. autumnale. Therefore, it has excellent potential to be a major group of CyanoHABs because of their relatively high growth rate, particularly in the range of N tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seema Yadav
- Dep. of Civil Engineering, Yeungnam Univ., Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Giridhar Babu Anam
- Dep. of Civil Engineering, Yeungnam Univ., Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Ho Ahn
- Dep. of Civil Engineering, Yeungnam Univ., Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, Republic of Korea
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Growth characteristics of lytic cyanophages newly isolated from the Nakdong River, Korea. Virus Res 2021; 306:198600. [PMID: 34648883 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2021.198600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 10/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cyanophages are primary regulators of cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (CyanoHABs), and they control host cyanobacterial dynamics, frequency, and diversity in the aquatic environment. This study deals with growth characteristics of three lytic cyanophages, Myoviridae AGM-1, Myoviridae NGM-1, and Podoviridae NDP-1, newly isolated from the Nakdong River in South Korea. These isolates are capable of infecting Amazoninema brasiliense, Nododsilinea nodulosa, and Nostoc sp. The results showed that abiotic parameters such as water temperature and pH balance significantly affect the growth of a cyanophage and the interaction with its host in the aquatic environment. The optimal growth conditions of the newly isolated cyanophages are less than 37 °C and pH 9, whereas optimal conditions are 25-30 °C and pH 7 for the cyanobacteria used as hosts. However, each cyanophage was found to have significantly different growth characteristics in phage titer, latent period, and burst size, depending on the characteristics of the species. Among the three cyanophages, Podoviridae NDP-1 showed the highest burst size and infection activity. The lower the designed multiplicity of infection (MOI) ratio (0.01 to 10), the longer it takes to lyse the host cells. The minimum MOI value for sustainable biocontrol of CyanoHABs is proposed as MOI=1. These results can be used as basic information in further studies, such as pyophage control of CyanoHABs and enrichment of cyanophages with high activity.
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Kim YJ, Park HK, Kim IS. Invasion and toxin production by exotic nostocalean cyanobacteria (Cuspidothrix, Cylindrospermopsis, and Sphaerospermopsis) in the Nakdong River, Korea. HARMFUL ALGAE 2020; 100:101954. [PMID: 33298363 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2020.101954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The extent and frequency of harmful cyanobacterial blooms are increasing, owing to the climate change caused by global warming, and some harmful filamentous cyanobacteria that were first reported in the tropics are spreading to temperate regions, such as North America, Europe, and Northeast Asia. Although these exotic invasive cyanobacteria have a high toxigenic potential, they are not targeted in management plans in many countries. This study analyzed the occurrence of and potential toxin and off-flavor secondary metabolite production by invasive nostocalean cyanobacteria in the Nakdong River in Korea, which is a temperate region. The occurrence of four species belonging to three genera of cyanobacteria was confirmed in the Nakdong River. The quantities of cyanobacteria in the Nakdong River were mostly low, fewer than 1,000 cells mL-1. Twenty-four strains belonging to four species in three genera of cyanobacteria were isolated from the Nakdong River. Analysis revealed no off-flavor secondary metabolite production by any of the isolates, and those belonging to Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii, Sphaerospermopsis aphanizomenoides, and S. reniformis were identified as nontoxic strains. However, anatoxin-a production was observed in two of the eleven isolates of Cuspidothrix issatschenkoi. Given the sites and the timing of its occurrence, C. issatschenkoi had the highest potential for toxin production among the invasive nostocalean cyanobacteria appearing in the Nakdong River.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Jin Kim
- Nakdong River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Dalseong-gun, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hae-Kyung Park
- Nakdong River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Dalseong-gun, Daegu, Korea.
| | - In-Soo Kim
- Nakdong River Environment Research Center, National Institute of Environmental Research, Dalseong-gun, Daegu, Korea
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Detection of Cyanotoxin-Producing Genes in a Eutrophic Reservoir (Billings Reservoir, São Paulo, Brazil). WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12030903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
CyanoHABs (cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms) are blooms of cyanobacteria capable of producing cyanotoxins, a large group of secondary metabolites that are toxic to most eukaryotes. In this work, the main aim was to evaluate the presence of multiple genes from each of the clusters responsible for biosynthesis of cyanotoxins (cylindrospermopsin, microcystin and saxitoxin) in total DNA obtained from sixteen environmental water samples by PCR. Microcystin gene mcyE was amplified in all analyzed samples. Among the cylindrospermopsin genes analyzed, only the cyrC gene was amplified from DNA obtained from three of sixteen samples. Of the three different saxitoxin genes analyzed, sxtB and sxtI were present in four and three of the sixteen samples studied, respectively, and sxtA did not show any positive result. Based on our results, we suggest caution when using only one gene from the full clusters responsible for biosynthesis of cyanotoxins, given that it may not be sufficient to confirm or exclude the toxigenic potential of a sample.
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Chun SJ, Cui Y, Lee CS, Cho AR, Baek K, Choi A, Ko SR, Lee HG, Hwang S, Oh HM, Ahn CY. Characterization of Distinct CyanoHABs-Related Modules in Microbial Recurrent Association Network. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:1637. [PMID: 31379787 PMCID: PMC6650593 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To elucidate the interspecies connectivity between cyanobacteria and other bacteria (non-cyanobacteria) during cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (cyanoHABs), samples were collected from the Nakdong River, Korea, from June 2016 to August 2017, and microbial recurrent association network (MRAN) analysis was performed to overcome the limitations of conventional network analysis. Microcystis blooms were tightly linked with Pseudanabaena in summer and were accompanied by significant changes in the non-cyanobacterial community composition (nCCC) compared to non-bloom period. Riverine bacterial communities could be clearly separated into modules that were involved in the formation, maintenance, and decomposition of cyanoHABs. Roseomonas and Herbaspirillum were directly linked with major cyanobacteria and assigned to connector and module hub in cyanoHABs-related modules, respectively. The functional profiles of the cyanoHABs-related modules suggested that nitrate reduction, aerobic ammonia oxidation, fermentation, and hydrocarbon degradation could be increased during the Microcystis bloom periods. In conclusion, MRAN analysis revealed that specific bacteria belonging to cyanoHABs-related module, including connectors and module hubs, appeared to contribute to the development and collapse of cyanoHABs. Therefore, to understand cyanoHABs, a modular microbial perspective may be more helpful than a single bacterial species perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seong-Jun Chun
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology - Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Yingshun Cui
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Chang Soo Lee
- Division of Freshwater Bioresources Research, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju, South Korea
| | - A Ra Cho
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Kiwoon Baek
- Division of Freshwater Bioresources Research, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju, South Korea
| | - Ahyoung Choi
- Division of Freshwater Bioresources Culture Research, Nakdonggang National Institute of Biological Resources, Sangju, South Korea
| | - So-Ra Ko
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hyung-Gwan Lee
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Seungwoo Hwang
- Korean Bioinformation Center (KOBIC), Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hee-Mock Oh
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology - Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Chi-Yong Ahn
- Cell Factory Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea.,Department of Environmental Biotechnology, KRIBB School of Biotechnology - Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, South Korea
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