Tan LK, Zainuddin NH, Tohar N, Sanaudi R, Cheah YK, Omar MA, Kee CC. Daily Adequate Intake of Fruit and Vegetables and All-Cause, Cardiovascular Disease, and Cancer Mortalities in Malaysian Population: A Retrospective Cohort Study.
Nutrients 2024;
16:3200. [PMID:
39339800 PMCID:
PMC11435129 DOI:
10.3390/nu16183200]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2024] [Revised: 09/12/2024] [Accepted: 09/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE
We investigated the relationship between daily adequate FV intake and risk of all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer mortalities among Malaysian adults.
METHODS
Data from a total of 18,211 Malaysian adults aged 18 years and above whom participated in the National Health and Morbidity Survey 2011 were analyzed. The participants were followed up for approximately 11 years, and mortality data were ascertained through record linkages with the death registry from the Malaysian National Registration Department. Multiple Cox regression was applied to assess the association between daily adequate FV intake and risk of all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortalities, adjusting for sociodemographic, lifestyle, and health conditions.
RESULTS
During the follow-up period, we observed a total of 1809 all-cause, 374 CVD, and 216 cancer mortalities. No significant association between daily adequate FV intake with all-cause mortality (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR): 1.01, 95% confidence interval (CI: 0.79-1.31), CVD mortality (aHR: 0.91, 95% CI: 0.57-1.47), and cancer mortality (aHR: 1.27, 95% CI: 0.74-2.17) were observed, even after excluding deaths that occurred in the first two years of observation.
CONCLUSIONS
Further investigation on the type of FV intake and its preparation method with risk of mortality will provide a holistic insight into the causal relationship between FV intake and mortality.
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