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Grippo A, Zhu K, Yeung EH, Bell EM, Bonner MR, Tian L, Mendola P, Mu L. Indoor air pollution exposure and early childhood development in the Upstate KIDS Study. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 234:116528. [PMID: 37419197 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limited human studies have investigated the impact of indoor air pollution on early childhood neurodevelopment among the US population. We aimed to examine the associations between prenatal and postnatal indoor air pollution exposure and early childhood development in a population-based birth cohort. METHODS This analysis included 4735 mother-child pairs enrolled between 2008 and 2010 in the Upstate KIDS Study. Indoor air pollution exposure from cooking fuels, heating fuels, and passive smoke during pregnancy, and at 12 and 36 months after birth were assessed by questionnaires. Five domains of child development were assessed by the Ages and Stages Questionnaire at 4, 8, 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 months. Generalized estimating equations were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs), adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS Exposure to unclean cooking fuels (natural gas, propane, or wood) throughout the study period was associated with increased odds of failing any development domain (OR = 1.28, 95% CI 1.07, 1.53), the gross motor domain (OR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.09, 2.13), and the personal-social domain (OR = 1.36, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.85), respectively. Passive smoke exposure throughout the study period increased the odds of failing the problem-solving domain by 71% (OR = 1.71, 95% CI 1.01, 2.91) among children of non-smoking mothers. No association was found between heating fuel use and failing any or specific domains. CONCLUSION Unclean cooking fuel use and passive smoke exposure during pregnancy and early life were associated with developmental delays in this large prospective birth cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Grippo
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Kexin Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Edwina H Yeung
- Division of Population Health Research, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Erin M Bell
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University at Albany School of Public Health, Rensselaer, NY, USA
| | - Matthew R Bonner
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Lili Tian
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Pauline Mendola
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Lina Mu
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY, USA.
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Hidayati T, Indrayanti I, Darmawan E, Akrom A. Herbal Honey Preparations of Curcuma Xanthorriza and Black Cumin Protect against Carcinogenesis through Antioxidant and Immunomodulatory Activities in Sprague Dawley (SD) Rats Induced with Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020371. [PMID: 36678242 PMCID: PMC9867330 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditionally, Curcuma xanthorriza (CX), black cumin seed (BC), and honey have been used by the Indonesian people as medicinal ingredients to treat various health symptoms. CX extracts and BC have been proven in the laboratory as chemopreventive agents, antioxidants, and immunomodulators. In this study, we developed CX extract, BC oil, and honey into herbal honey preparations (CXBCH) and hypothesized that the preparations show chemopreventive activity. The purpose of the study was to determine the CXBCH potential as chemopreventive, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory. METHOD In this experimental laboratory research, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and cytotoxic activities were tested on human mammary cancer cell lines (T47D cells) while the chemopreventive activity of the CXBCH preparations on Sprague Dawley (SD) rats induced with dimethylbenzene(a)anthracene (DMBA). RESULTS CXBCH preparations demonstrated immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities in T47D, Hela, and HTB-183 cells and in DMBA-induced SD rats, as the preparations inhibited tumor nodule formation, increased the number of CD4, CD8 and CD4CD25 cells, and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activity, and decreased serum NO levels. CONCLUSIONS CXBCH preparations display chemopreventive, antioxidant, and immunomodulatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Titiek Hidayati
- Department of Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta 55252, Indonesia
- Correspondence: (T.H.); (A.A.)
| | - Indrayanti Indrayanti
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta 55252, Indonesia
| | - Endang Darmawan
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta 55252, Indonesia
| | - Akrom Akrom
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Master Pharmacy Degree Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta 55252, Indonesia
- Ahmad Dahlan Drug Information and Research Center, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta 55252, Indonesia
- Correspondence: (T.H.); (A.A.)
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Chełchowska M, Gajewska J, Ambroszkiewicz J, Mazur J, Ołtarzewski M, Maciejewski TM. Influence of Oxidative Stress Generated by Smoking during Pregnancy on Glutathione Status in Mother-Newborn Pairs. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10121866. [PMID: 34942969 PMCID: PMC8698311 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10121866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione plays a key role in maintaining a physiological balance between prooxidants and antioxidants in the human body. Therefore, we examined the influence of maternal smoking as a source of oxidative stress measured by total oxidant capacity (TOC) on reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), glutathione peroxidase (GPx-3), and reductase (GR) amount in maternal and umbilical cord blood in 110 (45 smoking and 65 non-smoking) mother-newborn pairs. Concentrations of glutathione status markers and TOC were evaluated by competitive inhibition enzyme immunoassay technique. Plasma TOC levels were significantly higher and the GSH/GSSG ratio, which is considered an index of the cell’s redox status, were significantly lower in smoking women and their offspring than in non-smoking pairs. Decreased GR levels were found in smoking mothers and their newborns compared with similar non-smoking groups. Although plasma GPx-3 concentrations were similar in both maternal groups, in the cord blood of newborns exposed to tobacco smoke in utero they were reduced compared with the levels observed in children of tobacco abstinent mothers. Oxidative stress generated by tobacco smoke impairs glutathione homeostasis in both the mother and the newborn. The severity of oxidative processes in the mother co-existing with the reduced potential of antioxidant systems may have a negative effect on the oxidative-antioxidant balance in the newborn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Chełchowska
- Department of Screening Tests and Metabolic Diagnostics, Institute of Mother and Child, Kasprzaka 17a, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland; (J.G.); (J.A.); (M.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +48-2-2327-7260
| | - Joanna Gajewska
- Department of Screening Tests and Metabolic Diagnostics, Institute of Mother and Child, Kasprzaka 17a, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland; (J.G.); (J.A.); (M.O.)
| | - Jadwiga Ambroszkiewicz
- Department of Screening Tests and Metabolic Diagnostics, Institute of Mother and Child, Kasprzaka 17a, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland; (J.G.); (J.A.); (M.O.)
| | - Joanna Mazur
- Department of Humanization in Medicine and Sexology, Collegium Medicum University of Zielona Góra, 65-729 Zielona Góra, Poland;
| | - Mariusz Ołtarzewski
- Department of Screening Tests and Metabolic Diagnostics, Institute of Mother and Child, Kasprzaka 17a, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland; (J.G.); (J.A.); (M.O.)
| | - Tomasz M. Maciejewski
- Clinic of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Institute of Mother and Child, Kasprzaka 17a, 01-211 Warsaw, Poland;
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Pizent A, Lazarus M, Kovačić J, Tariba Lovaković B, Brčić Karačonji I, Živković Semren T, Sekovanić A, Orct T, Branović-Čakanić K, Brajenović N, Jurič A, Miškulin I, Škrgatić L, Stasenko S, Mioč T, Jurasović J, Piasek M. Cigarette Smoking during Pregnancy: Effects on Antioxidant Enzymes, Metallothionein and Trace Elements in Mother-Newborn Pairs. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E892. [PMID: 32532134 PMCID: PMC7356311 DOI: 10.3390/biom10060892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of maternal smoking as a source of exposure to toxic metals Cd and Pb on superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity, metallothionein (MT), Cd, Pb, Cu, Fe, Mn, Se and Zn concentrations were assessed in maternal and umbilical cord blood and placenta in 74 healthy mother-newborn pairs after term delivery. Sparse discriminant analysis (SDA) was used to identify elements with the strongest impact on the SOD, GPx and MT in the measured compartments, which was then quantified by multiple regression analysis. SOD activity was lower in maternal and cord plasma, and higher in the placenta of smokers compared to non-smokers, whereas GPx activity and MT concentration did not differ between the groups. Although active smoking during pregnancy contributed to higher maternal Cd and Pb concentrations, its contribution to the variability of SOD, GPx or MT after control for other elements identified by SDA was not significant. However, an impaired balance in the antioxidant defence observed in the conditions of relatively low-to-moderate exposure levels to Cd and Pb could contribute to an increased susceptibility of offspring to oxidative stress and risk of disease development later in life. Further study on a larger number of subjects will help to better understand complex interactions between exposure to toxic elements and oxidative stress related to maternal cigarette smoking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alica Pizent
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.P.); (J.K.); (B.T.L.); (I.B.K.); (T.Ž.S.); (A.S.); (T.O.); (N.B.); (A.J.); (J.J.); (M.P.)
| | - Maja Lazarus
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.P.); (J.K.); (B.T.L.); (I.B.K.); (T.Ž.S.); (A.S.); (T.O.); (N.B.); (A.J.); (J.J.); (M.P.)
| | - Jelena Kovačić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.P.); (J.K.); (B.T.L.); (I.B.K.); (T.Ž.S.); (A.S.); (T.O.); (N.B.); (A.J.); (J.J.); (M.P.)
| | - Blanka Tariba Lovaković
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.P.); (J.K.); (B.T.L.); (I.B.K.); (T.Ž.S.); (A.S.); (T.O.); (N.B.); (A.J.); (J.J.); (M.P.)
| | - Irena Brčić Karačonji
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.P.); (J.K.); (B.T.L.); (I.B.K.); (T.Ž.S.); (A.S.); (T.O.); (N.B.); (A.J.); (J.J.); (M.P.)
| | - Tanja Živković Semren
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.P.); (J.K.); (B.T.L.); (I.B.K.); (T.Ž.S.); (A.S.); (T.O.); (N.B.); (A.J.); (J.J.); (M.P.)
| | - Ankica Sekovanić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.P.); (J.K.); (B.T.L.); (I.B.K.); (T.Ž.S.); (A.S.); (T.O.); (N.B.); (A.J.); (J.J.); (M.P.)
| | - Tatjana Orct
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.P.); (J.K.); (B.T.L.); (I.B.K.); (T.Ž.S.); (A.S.); (T.O.); (N.B.); (A.J.); (J.J.); (M.P.)
| | | | - Nataša Brajenović
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.P.); (J.K.); (B.T.L.); (I.B.K.); (T.Ž.S.); (A.S.); (T.O.); (N.B.); (A.J.); (J.J.); (M.P.)
| | - Andreja Jurič
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.P.); (J.K.); (B.T.L.); (I.B.K.); (T.Ž.S.); (A.S.); (T.O.); (N.B.); (A.J.); (J.J.); (M.P.)
| | - Iva Miškulin
- University Hospital Centre, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.M.); (L.Š.)
| | - Lana Škrgatić
- University Hospital Centre, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (I.M.); (L.Š.)
| | - Sandra Stasenko
- Merkur University Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.S.); (T.M.)
| | - Tatjana Mioč
- Merkur University Hospital, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (S.S.); (T.M.)
| | - Jasna Jurasović
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.P.); (J.K.); (B.T.L.); (I.B.K.); (T.Ž.S.); (A.S.); (T.O.); (N.B.); (A.J.); (J.J.); (M.P.)
| | - Martina Piasek
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia; (A.P.); (J.K.); (B.T.L.); (I.B.K.); (T.Ž.S.); (A.S.); (T.O.); (N.B.); (A.J.); (J.J.); (M.P.)
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Lewandowska M, Więckowska B. The Influence of Various Smoking Categories on The Risk of Gestational Hypertension and Pre-Eclampsia. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9061743. [PMID: 32512866 PMCID: PMC7356904 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9061743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The relationship between smoking and the risk of pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) is not clearly established. Therefore, we conducted an analysis of cigarette smoking in a Polish cohort of women, recruited in the first trimester of a single pregnancy in 2015–2016. We evaluated the women who subsequently developed PIH (n = 137) (gestational hypertension—GH (n = 113) and pre-eclampsia—PE (n = 24)), and the women who remained normotensive (n = 775). The diseases odds ratios (and 95% CI—confidence intervals) were calculated in a multivariate logistic regression. In the PIH cases (vs. normotensive women) we found more smokers (25.6% vs. 17.2%, p = 0.020) including smokers in the first trimester (14.6% vs. 4.8%, p < 0.001). The average number of cigarettes smoked daily per smokers in the first trimester was 11.2 (range 2–30), and the average number of years of smoking was 11.6 (range 2–25). The number of years of smoking was a stronger risk factor for GH and PE than the number of cigarettes/day. Compared to the women who have never smoked, smoking ever before pregnancy was associated with a higher GH risk (AOR = 1.68; p = 0.043), and with no effect on PE risk (OR = 0.97; p = 0.950). Smokers in the first trimester had a higher odds ratio of GH (AOR = 4.75; p < 0.001) and PE (OR = 2.60; p = 0.136). Quitting smoking before pregnancy (ex-smokers) was associated with a lower odds ratio of GH (AOR = 0.83; p = 0.596) and PE (OR = 0.33; p = 0.288). However, quitting smoking during pregnancy was associated with a higher risk of GH (AOR = 11.63; p < 0.0001) and PE (OR = 3.57; p = 0.238). After dissection of the cohort into pre-pregnancy body–mass index (BMI) categories, smoking in the first trimester was associated with the higher hypertension risk in underweight women (OR = 22.00, p = 0.024). Conclusions: The factors that increased the risk of GH and PE were smoking in the first trimester and (paradoxically and more strongly) smoking cessation during pregnancy. Our results suggest that women of childbearing potential should be encouraged to quit smoking before pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Lewandowska
- Medical Faculty, Lazarski University, 02-662 Warsaw, Poland
- Division of Gynecological Surgery, University Hospital, 33 Polna Str., 60-535 Poznan, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Barbara Więckowska
- Department of Computer Science and Statistics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland;
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Lewandowska M, Więckowska B, Sajdak S, Lubiński J. First Trimester Microelements and their Relationships with Pregnancy Outcomes and Complications. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12041108. [PMID: 32316207 PMCID: PMC7230599 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 04/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microelements involved in the oxidative balance have a significant impact on human health, but their role in pregnancy are poorly studied. We examined the relationships between first trimester levels of selenium (Se), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu), as well as maternal characteristics and pregnancy results. The data came from a Polish prospective cohort of women in a single pregnancy without chronic diseases. A group of 563 women who had a complete set of data, including serum microelements in the 10–14th week was examined, and the following were found: 47 deliveries <37th week; 48 cases of birth weight <10th and 64 newborns >90th percentile; 13 intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) cases; 105 gestational hypertension (GH) and 15 preeclampsia (PE) cases; and 110 gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) cases. The microelements were quantified using mass spectrometry. The average concentrations (and ranges) of the elements were as follows: Se: 60.75 µg/L (40.91–125.54); Zn: 618.50 µg/L (394.04–3238.90); Cu: 1735.91 µg/L (883.61–3956.76); and Fe: 1018.33 µg/L (217.55–2806.24). In the multivariate logistic regression, we found that an increase in Se of 1 µg/L reduces the risk of GH by 6% (AOR = 0.94; p = 0.004), the risk of IUGR by 11% (AOR = 0.89; p = 0.013), and the risk of birth <34th week by 7% (but close to the significance) (AOR = 0.93; p = 0.061). An increase in Fe of 100 µg/L reduces the risk of PE by 27% (AOR = 0.73; p = 0.009). In the multivariable linear regression, we found negative strong associations between prepregnancy BMI, Se (β = −0.130; p = 0.002), and Fe (β = −0.164; p < 0.0001), but positive associations with Cu (β = 0.320; p < 0.000001). The relationships between Se and maternal age (β = 0.167; p < 0.0001), Se and smoking (β = −0.106; p = 0.011) and Cu, and gestational age from the 10–14th week (β = 0.142; p < 0.001) were also found. Secondary education was associated with Zn (β = 0.132; p = 0.004) and higher education was associated with Cu (β = −0.102; p = 0.023). A higher financial status was associated with Fe (β = 0.195; p = 0.005). Other relationships were statistically insignificant. Further research is needed to clarify relationships between first trimester microelements and pregnancy complications. In addition, attention should be paid to lifestyle-related and socioeconomic factors that affect microelement levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Lewandowska
- Medical Faculty, Lazarski University, 02-662 Warsaw, Poland
- Division of Gynecological Surgery, University Hospital, 33 Polna Str., 60-535 Poznan, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Barbara Więckowska
- Department of Computer Science and Statistics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Stefan Sajdak
- Division of Gynecological Surgery, University Hospital, 33 Polna Str., 60-535 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Jan Lubiński
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, International Hereditary Cancer Center, Pomeranian Medical University, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland;
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Ho H, Guo H, Means S, Tang J, Hunter P. Maternal Smoking Induced Cardiovascular Risks in Fetuses: How Can in silico Models Help? Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:97. [PMID: 32140462 PMCID: PMC7042462 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Harvey Ho
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Hongchao Guo
- Stanford Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Shawn Means
- School of Natural and Computational Sciences, Massey University, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jing Tang
- Chongqing Health Center for Women and Children, Chongqing, China
| | - Peter Hunter
- Auckland Bioengineering Institute, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Maternal Smoking Highly Affects the Function, Membrane Integrity, and Rheological Properties in Fetal Red Blood Cells. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2019; 2019:1509798. [PMID: 31871538 PMCID: PMC6906794 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1509798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
An understanding of the basic pathophysiological mechanisms of neonatal diseases necessitates detailed knowledge about the wide range of complications in the circulating fetal RBCs. Recent publications on adult red blood cells (RBCs) provide evidence that RBCs carry an active nitric oxide synthase (NOS3) enzyme and contribute to vascular functioning and integrity via their active nitric oxide synthesis. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of maternal smoking on the phenotypical appearance and functionality of fetal RBCs, based on morphological and molecular studies. We looked for possible links between vascular dysfunction and NOS3 expression and activation and its regulation by arginase (ARG1). Significant morphological and functional differences were found between fetal RBCs isolated from the arterial cord blood of neonates born to nonsmoking (RBC-NS, n = 62) and heavy-smoking (RBC-S, n = 51) mothers. Morphological variations were quantified by Advanced Cell Classifier, microscopy-based intelligent analysis software. To investigate the relevance of the newly suggested “erythrocrine” function in fetal RBCs, we measured the levels of NOS3 and its phosphorylation in parallel with the level of ARG1, as one of the major influencers of NOS3 dimerization, by fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Fetal RBCs, even the “healthy-looking” biconcave-shaped type, exhibited impaired NOS3 activation in the RBC-S population, which was paralleled with elevated ARG1 level, thus suggesting an increased redox burden. Our molecular data indicate that maternal smoking can exert marked effects on the circulating fetal RBCs, which could have a consequence on the outcome of in utero development. We hypothesize that any endothelial dysfunction altering NO production/bioavailability can be sensed by circulating fetal RBCs. Hence, we are putting forward the idea that neonatal RBC could serve as a real-time sensor for not only monitoring RBC-linked anomalies but also predicting the overall status of the vascular microenvironment.
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Yan X, Zhao F, Zhang S, Lei F, Wang W, Zheng Y. Hydrogen sulfide ameliorates disorders in the parafacial respiratory group region of neonatal rats caused by prenatal cigarette smoke exposure via an antioxidative effect. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2019; 68:80-90. [PMID: 30878717 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We previously found that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) ameliorated the dysfunction of central chemoreception caused by prenatal cigarette smoke exposure (CSE). In the present study, we further explored whether the parafacial respiratory group (pFRG) is involved in the protection of central chemoreception by H2S against prenatal CSE-induced injury. We found that NaHS, a donor of H2S, restored the expression of Phox2b, which was downregulated by prenatal CSE, in the pFRG region of neonatal rats. NaHS also relieved the prenatal CSE-induced excitatory synapse disturbance in the pFRG region of neonatal rats. Additionally, NaHS prevented the increase in the malondialdehyde level and suppression of antioxidase activity in the pFRG region of neonatal rats induced by prenatal CSE. Furthermore, NaHS prevented the downregulation of the expression of antioxidases and Nrf2 in the pFRG region of neonatal rats with prenatal CSE. These results suggest that H2S can protect the pFRG of neonatal rats against prenatal CSE-induced injury via an antioxidative effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Yan
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, PR China
| | - Fusheng Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Mudanjiang Medical University, Mudanjiang, 157011 Heilongjiang, PR China
| | - Senfeng Zhang
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, PR China
| | - Fang Lei
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, PR China
| | - Wen Wang
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yu Zheng
- Department of Physiology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, PR China.
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