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Kingsbury C, Buzzi M, Chaix B, Kanning M, Khezri S, Kiani B, Kirchner TR, Maurel A, Thierry B, Kestens Y. STROBE-GEMA: a STROBE extension for reporting of geographically explicit ecological momentary assessment studies. Arch Public Health 2024; 82:84. [PMID: 38867286 PMCID: PMC11170886 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-024-01310-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT While a growing body of research has been demonstrating how exposure to social and built environments relate to various health outcomes, specific pathways generally remain poorly understood. But recent technological advancements have enabled new study designs through continuous monitoring using mobile sensors and repeated questionnaires. Such geographically explicit momentary assessments (GEMA) make it possible to link momentary subjective states, behaviors, and physiological parameters to momentary environmental conditions, and can help uncover the pathways linking place to health. Despite its potential, there is currently no review of GEMA studies detailing how location data is used to measure environmental exposure, and how this in turn is linked to momentary outcomes of interest. Moreover, a lack of standard reporting of such studies hampers comparability and reproducibility. AIMS The objectives of this research were twofold: 1) conduct a systematic review of GEMA studies that link momentary measurement with environmental data obtained from geolocation data, and 2) develop a STROBE extension guideline for GEMA studies. METHOD The review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Inclusion criteria consisted of a combination of repeated momentary measurements of a health state or behavior with GPS coordinate collection, and use of these location data to derive momentary environmental exposures. To develop the guideline, the variables extracted for the systematic review were compared to elements of the STROBE (Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology) and CREMAS (CRedibility of Evidence from Multiple Analyses of the Same data) checklists, to provide a new guideline for GEMA studies. An international panel of experts participated in a consultation procedure to collectively develop the proposed checklist items. RESULTS AND DEVELOPED TOOLS: A total of 20 original GEMA studies were included in the review. Overall, several key pieces of information regarding the GEMA methods were either missing or reported heterogeneously. Our guideline provides a total of 27 categories (plus 4 subcategories), combining a total of 70 items. The 22 categories and 32 items from the original STROBE guideline have been integrated in our GEMA guideline. Eight categories and 6 items from the CREMAS guideline have been included to our guideline. We created one new category (namely "Consent") and added 32 new items specific to GEMA studies. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS This study offers a systematic review and a STROBE extension guideline for the reporting of GEMA studies. The latter will serve to standardize the reporting of GEMA studies, as well as facilitate the interpretation of results and their generalizability. In short, this work will help researchers and public health professionals to make the most of this method to advance our understanding of how environments influence health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Célia Kingsbury
- École de santé publique, Université de Montréal (ESPUM), 7101 Av. du Parc, Montréal, H3N 1X9, Québec, Canada.
- Centre de recherche de santé publique (CReSP), 7101, Av. du Parc, Montréal, H3N 1X9, Québec, Canada.
| | - Marie Buzzi
- Université de Lorraine, INSERM, INSPIIRE, Nancy, F-54000, France
| | - Basile Chaix
- Université de Sorbonne, INSERM, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique IPLESP, Nemesis Team, Faculté de Médecine Saint-Antoine, 27 rue Chaligny, Paris, 75012, France
| | - Martina Kanning
- Department of Social and Health Sciences in Sport Science, University of Konstanz, Universitätsstraße 10, 78464, Konstanz, Baden-Wuerttemberg, Germany
| | - Sadun Khezri
- École de santé publique, Université de Montréal (ESPUM), 7101 Av. du Parc, Montréal, H3N 1X9, Québec, Canada
- Centre de recherche de santé publique (CReSP), 7101, Av. du Parc, Montréal, H3N 1X9, Québec, Canada
| | - Behzad Kiani
- Centre for Clinical Research, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane St Lucia, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Thomas R Kirchner
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, New York University School of Global Public Health, 726 Broadway, New York, NY, 10012, USA
- Center for Urban Science and Progress, New York University Tandon School of Engineering, 6 MetroTech Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11201, USA
| | - Allison Maurel
- École de santé publique, Université de Montréal (ESPUM), 7101 Av. du Parc, Montréal, H3N 1X9, Québec, Canada
- Centre de recherche de santé publique (CReSP), 7101, Av. du Parc, Montréal, H3N 1X9, Québec, Canada
| | - Benoît Thierry
- École de santé publique, Université de Montréal (ESPUM), 7101 Av. du Parc, Montréal, H3N 1X9, Québec, Canada
- Centre de recherche de santé publique (CReSP), 7101, Av. du Parc, Montréal, H3N 1X9, Québec, Canada
| | - Yan Kestens
- École de santé publique, Université de Montréal (ESPUM), 7101 Av. du Parc, Montréal, H3N 1X9, Québec, Canada
- Centre de recherche de santé publique (CReSP), 7101, Av. du Parc, Montréal, H3N 1X9, Québec, Canada
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Desjardins MR, Murray ET, Baranyi G, Hobbs M, Curtis S. Improving longitudinal research in geospatial health: An agenda. Health Place 2023; 80:102994. [PMID: 36791507 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2023.102994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
All aspects of public health research require longitudinal analyses to fully capture the dynamics of outcomes and risk factors such as ageing, human mobility, non-communicable diseases (NCDs), climate change, and endemic, emerging, and re-emerging infectious diseases. Studies in geospatial health are often limited to spatial and temporal cross sections. This generates uncertainty in the exposures and behavior of study populations. We discuss a research agenda, including key challenges and opportunities of working with longitudinal geospatial health data. Examples include accounting for residential and human mobility, recruiting new birth cohorts, geoimputation, international and interdisciplinary collaborations, spatial lifecourse studies, and qualitative and mixed-methods approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Desjardins
- Spatial Science for Public Health Center, Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Emily T Murray
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gergő Baranyi
- Centre for Research on Environment, Society and Health (CRESH), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew Hobbs
- GeoHealth Laboratory, Geospatial Research Institute, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand; Faculty of Health, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, Canterbury, New Zealand
| | - Sarah Curtis
- Centre for Research on Environment, Society and Health (CRESH), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Geography, Durham University, United Kingdom
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Hwang S, Webber-Ritchey K, Moxley E. Comparison of GPS imputation methods in environmental health research. GEOSPATIAL HEALTH 2022; 17. [PMID: 36047344 DOI: 10.4081/gh.2022.1081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Assessment of personal exposure in the external environment commonly relies on global positioning system (GPS) measurements. However, it has been challenging to determine exposures accurately due to missing data in GPS trajectories. In environmental health research using GPS, missing data are often discarded or are typically imputed based on the last known location or linear interpolation. Imputation is said to mitigate bias in exposure measures, but methods used are hardly evaluated against ground truth. Widely used imputation methods assume that a person is either stationary or constantly moving during the missing interval. Relaxing this assumption, we propose a method for imputing locations as a function of a person's likely movement state (stop, move) during the missing interval. We then evaluate the proposed method in terms of the accuracy of imputed location, movement state, and daily mobility measures such as the number of trips and time spent on places visited. Experiments based on real data collected by participants (n=59) show that the proposed approach outperforms existing methods. Imputation to the last known location can lead to large deviation from the actual location when gap distance is large. Linear interpolation is shown to result in large errors in mobility measures. Researchers should be aware that the different treatment of missing data can affect the spatiotemporal accuracy of GPS-based exposure assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sungsoon Hwang
- Department of Geography, DePaul University, Chicago, IL.
| | | | - Elizabeth Moxley
- College of Health and Human Sciences, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL.
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Kim Y, Kelly S, Krishnan D, Falletta J, Wilmot K. Strategies for Imputation of High-Resolution Environmental Data in Clinical Randomized Controlled Trials. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19031307. [PMID: 35162331 PMCID: PMC8835538 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19031307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Time series data collected in clinical trials can have varying degrees of missingness, adding challenges during statistical analyses. An additional layer of complexity is introduced for missing data in randomized controlled trials (RCT), where researchers must remain blinded between intervention and control groups. Such restriction severely limits the applicability of conventional imputation methods that would utilize other participants’ data for improved performance. This paper explores and compares various methods to impute high-resolution temperature logger data in RCT settings. In addition to the conventional non-parametric approaches, we propose a spline regression (SR) approach that captures the dynamics of indoor temperature by time of day that is unique to each participant. We investigate how the inclusion of external temperature and energy use can improve the model performance. Results show that SR imputation results in 16% smaller root mean squared error (RMSE) compared to conventional imputation methods, with the gap widening to 22% when more than half of data is missing. The SR method is particularly useful in cases where missingness occurs simultaneously for multiple participants, such as concurrent battery failures. We demonstrate how proper modelling of periodic dynamics can lead to significantly improved imputation performance, even with limited data.
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Emden D, Goltermann J, Dannlowski U, Hahn T, Opel N. Technical feasibility and adherence of the Remote Monitoring Application in Psychiatry (ReMAP) for the assessment of affective symptoms. J Affect Disord 2021; 294:652-660. [PMID: 34333173 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.07.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smartphone-based monitoring constitutes a cost-effective instrument to assess and predict affective symptom trajectories. Large-scale transdiagnostic studies utilizing this methodology are yet lacking in psychiatric research. Thus, we introduce the Remote Monitoring Application in Psychiatry (ReMAP) and evaluate its feasibility and adherence in a large transdiagnostic sample. METHODS The ReMAP app was distributed among n = 997 healthy control participants and psychiatric patients, including affective, anxiety, and psychotic disorders. Passive sensor data (acceleration, geolocation, walking distance, steps), optional standardized self-reports on mood and sleep, and voice samples were assessed. Feasibility and adherence were evaluated based on frequency of transferred data, and participation duration. Preliminary results are presented while data collection is ongoing. RESULTS Retention rates of 90.25% for the minimum study duration of two weeks and 33.09% for one year were achieved (median participation 135 days, IQR=111). Participants transferred an average of 51.83 passive events per day. An average of 34.59 self-report events were transferred per user, with a considerable range across participants (0-552 events). Clinical and non-clinical subgroups did not differ in participation duration or rate of data transfer. The mean rate of days with passive data was higher and less heterogeneous in iOS (91.85%, SD=21.25) as compared to Android users (63.04%, SD=35.09). LIMITATIONS Subjective user experience was not assessed limiting conclusions about app acceptance. CONCLUSIONS ReMAP is a technically feasible tool to assess affective symptoms with high temporal resolution in large-scale transdiagnostic samples with good adherence. Future studies should account for differences between operating systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Emden
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Janik Goltermann
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Udo Dannlowski
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Tim Hahn
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Germany
| | - Nils Opel
- Institute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Germany; Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research (IZKF) Münster, University of Münster, Germany.
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Generation and Classification of Activity Sequences for Spatiotemporal Modeling of Human Populations. Online J Public Health Inform 2020; 12:e9. [PMID: 32908643 DOI: 10.5210/ojphi.v12i1.10588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human activity encompasses a series of complex spatiotemporal processes that are difficult to model but represent an essential component of human exposure assessment. A significant empirical data source, like the American Time Use Survey (ATUS), can be leveraged to model human activity. However, tractable models require a better stratification of activity data to inform about different, but classifiable groups of individuals, that exhibit similar activity sequences and mobility patterns. Using machine learning algorithms, we developed an unsupervised classification and sequence generation method that is capable of generating coherent and stochastic sequences of activity from the ATUS data. This classification, when combined with any spatiotemporal exposure profile, allows the development of stochastic models of exposure patterns and records for groups of individuals exhibiting similar activity behaviors.
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Modric T, Versic S, Sekulic D, Liposek S. Analysis of the Association between Running Performance and Game Performance Indicators in Professional Soccer Players. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16204032. [PMID: 31640271 PMCID: PMC6843975 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16204032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Running performance (RP) and game performance indicators (GPI) are important determinants of success in soccer (football), but there is an evident lack of knowledge about the possible associations between RP and GPI. This study aimed to identify associations between RP and GPI in professional soccer players and to compare RP and GPI among soccer playing positions. One hundred one match performances were observed over the course of half of a season at the highest level of national competition in Croatia. Players (mean ± SD, age: 23.85 ± 2.88 years; body height: 183.05 ± 8.88 cm; body mass: 78.69 ± 7.17 kg) were classified into five playing positions (central defenders (n = 26), full-backs (n = 24), central midfielders (n = 33), wide midfielders (n = 10), and forwards (n = 8). RP, as measured by global positioning system, included the total distance covered, distance covered in five speed categories (walking, jogging, running, high-speed running, and maximal sprinting), total number of accelerations, number of high-intensity accelerations, total number of decelerations, and number of high-intensity decelerations. The GPI were collected by the position-specific performance statistics index (InStat index). The average total distance was 10,298.4 ± 928.7 m, with central defenders having the shortest and central midfielders having the greatest covered distances. The running (r = 0.419, p = 0.03) and high-intensity accelerations (r = 0.493, p = 0.01) were correlated with the InStat index for central defenders. The number of decelerations of full-backs (r = −0.43, p = 0.04) and the distance covered during sprinting of forwards (r = 0.80, p = 0.02) were associated with their GPI obtained by InStat index. The specific correlations between RP and GPI should be considered during the conditioning process in soccer. The soccer training should follow the specific requirements of the playing positions established herein, which will allow players to meet the game demands and to perform successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni Modric
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia.
- HNK Hajduk Split, 21000 Split, Croatia.
| | - Sime Versic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia.
- HNK Hajduk Split, 21000 Split, Croatia.
| | - Damir Sekulic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia.
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