Bibliometric Analysis of Electronic Cigarette Publications: 2003⁻2018

Piezo1 channel: A global bibliometric analysis from 2010 to 2024

In recent years, the Piezo1 channel has attracted great attention. Piezo1's research has made remarkable advance in many aspects. However, the overall trends and knowledge structures have not been systematically investigated from a worldwide viewpoint. Therefore, it is important to fill this knowledge gap and utilize a proper tool to show the research status, hotspots, and frontiers in the Piezo1 channel. In order to better investigate the hotspots and frontiers of the Piezo1 channel research, we retrieved relevant literature from Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) and applied CiteSpace to perform a bibliometric analysis. Our findings might serve as a reference for future research in this area.

Bibliometric analysis of atrial fibrillation and ion channels

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common clinical malignant arrhythmia with an increasing global incidence. Ion channel dysfunction is an important mechanism in the development of AF. In this study, we used bibliometrics to analyze the studies of ion channels and AF, aiming to provide inspiration and reference for researchers. A total of 3179 literature citations were obtained from Web of Science core databases. Analysis software included Excel 2019, VOSviewer 1.6.16, and CiteSpace 5.7.R2. This field of research has been growing since 1985. The most active country is the United States. The University of Montreal is the most important research institution. The journal Cardiovascular Research has published the largest number of articles in this field. Stanley Nattel and Dobromir Dobrev are the most frequently cited authors. The most cited literature was published in Nature and Science. Cardiac electrophysiology, gene expression, pathogenesis of AF, and AF prevention and treatment are the hot topics for this field research. Cardiac fibrillation and catheter ablation may be future research hotspots in this field.

Publication Trends in Osteoporosis Treatment: A 20-Year Bibliometric Analysis

BACKGROUND

Osteoporosis prevalence continues to escalate with the growth of the older adult population. In this study, we aimed to investigate the profile of osteoporosis treatment-related research articles published in the past 20 years using bibliometric analysis.

METHODS

We analyzed all osteoporosis treatment-related articles published between 2001 and 2020 in the Web of Science (WoS) database using bibliometric methods. In the Title search section in WoS, we searched the documents using "osteoporosis treatment"-related keywords. We used the VOSviewer software to construct the bibliometric maps of keyword co-occurrences.

RESULTS

Our search yielded 29,738 publications, 21,556 (72.5%) were original articles and 4,529 (15.2%) were review articles and review articles (4,529). We noticed a steady increase in the publication numbers from 2001 to 2020. The overall scientific publication number in WoS increased 3.5-fold, with the five most productive countries being the USA, China, Germany, the United Kingdom, and Japan. The largest contributor was the University of California system. The most productive journals were Osteoporosis International (1,679, 6.4%), Bone (832, 3.2%), and the Journal of Bone and Mineral Research (727, 2.8%). We observed increasing trends in the appearance of denosumab and teriparatide during the last two decades. In our keyword co-occurrence analysis, we constructed four keyword clusters using VOSviewer.

CONCLUSIONS

In this study, we provided a gross overview of the visibility and productivity of research studies in osteoporosis treatment. Substantial changes have occurred in osteoporosis treatment over the last 20 years. The effector mechanism of anti-osteoporosis medications could be future hot spots in osteoporosis research. We believe that our study is a valuable guide for clinicians related to the global outputs of osteoporosis treatment.

A clinical overview of adolescent e-cigarette use (vaping)

E-cigarette use (also known as "vaping") has become increasingly popular among adolescents over the past decade and grown into a significant public health concern in North America, the United Kingdom, and other countries. Concerns about this new trend have generated numerous new research studies. This aim of this study was to summarize recent scientific findings, with a focus on their relevance to clinicians working with adolescents. The first half covers epidemiology, risk factors for e-cigarette use, characteristics of e-cigarette use, youth perceptions of e-cigarettes, physical health risks of e-cigarettes, evidence for "gateway effects" of e-cigarette exposure on subsequent substance use, and the relationship between e-cigarette use and mental health. The review concludes with a clinical focus on assessment of youth who vape, psychoeducation for youth and families, clinical management of vaping, and regulatory considerations.

The Origins and Evolution of the Field of Masculinity and Suicide: A Bibliometric and Content Analysis of the Research Field

BACKGROUND

In most countries, men complete suicide at twice the rate of women; masculinity plays an important role in placing men at a greater risk of suicide. This study identifies and describes trends in the topics discussed within the masculinity and suicide literature and explores changes over time.

METHODS

We retrieved publications relating to masculinity and suicide from eight electronic databases and described origins in the field of research by reference to the first decade of publications. We then explored the subsequent evolution of the field by analysis of the content of article titles/abstracts for all years since the topic first emerged, and then separately by three epochs.

RESULTS

We included 452 publications (1954-2021); research output has grown substantially in the last five years. Early publications framed suicide in the context of severe mental illness, masculinity as a risk factor, and suicidality as being aggressive and masculine. We observed some differences in themes over time: Epoch 1 focused on sex differences in suicidality, a common theme in epochs 2 was relationship to work and its effect on men's mental health and suicidality, and epoch 3 had a focus on help-seeking in suicidality.

CONCLUSION

The research field of masculinity and suicide is growing strongly, as evidenced by recent increase in publication volume. The structure, content and direction of the masculinity and suicide research are still evolving. Researchers must work with policymakers and practitioners to ensure that emerging findings are translated for use in programs designed to address suicide in boys and men.HIGHLIGHTSMasculinity and suicide as a field is not new, with its origins in the literature dating back to 1954.More than half of the total research output in the field (1954-2021) has been published in the last five years.Early work focused on individual-level risk factors to male suicide (e.g., severe mental illness), while contemporary research focused on social and cultural determinants of male suicide (e.g., help-seeking).

Trends in Aflatoxin M1 Global Research: A Bibliometric Analysis Study

Background

Fungal metabolites known as aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) are linked to contaminated milk and milk products. Consuming food contaminated with AFM1 poses major health risks and may even be fatal.

Methods

The retrieved publications were categorized in this bibliometric study using the Web of Science (WoS) database Jan 1, 1970 to Nov 30, 2022 based on a variety of factors, including the time of publication of articles, citation totals, languages, research areas, countries, affiliations, funding agencies, journals, and keywords analysis to identify any hot and developing subjects. Additionally, VOSviewer software version 1.6.18 provided the bibliometric analysis of the global collaboration network and hot research themes.

Results

Overall, 679 published documents were detected. Food Control was the top-line journal in publications on AFM1 research with 540 published articles, while the USA was the best productive country in AFM1 publications as well as the major country with the maximum co-authorship collaboration. This study ensures quantitative and qualitative analyses of the top 25 journals, most cited published articles, most relevant authors and title word occurrences in published documents on AFM1 publications. Over the past two decades, there has been an enormous rise for research conducted on global AFM1.

Conclusion

The assessment of the historical state and development trend in AFM1 scientific research can serve as a roadmap for future research and eventually, serve as a foundation for bettering management practices for territorial decisions, healthcare, and dairy industries.

Impact of National Institutes of Health and Food and Drug Administration Tobacco Research Funding: A Bibliometrics Analyses

INTRODUCTION

Conduct bibliometric analyses documenting the output of National Institutes of Health (NIH) tobacco-related and Food and Drug Administration (FDA) tobacco regulatory science (FDA-TRS) research portfolios.

AIMS AND METHODS

PubMed identifiers for publications between 2015 and 2020 citing tobacco funding by NIH and/or FDA were imported into NIH iCite generating measures of productivity and influence, including number of citations, journal, relative citation ratios (RCR), and comparison of research influence across Web of Science (WoS) disciplines. Coauthorship and measures of centrality among and between NIH and FDA-supported investigators gauged collaboration.

RESULTS

Between FY 2015 and 2020, 8160 publications cited funding from NIH tobacco-related grants, 1776 cited FDA-TRS grants and 496 cited Common funding (ie, both NIH and FDA-TRS funding). The proportion of publications citing NIH grants declined while those citing FDA-TRS or Common funding rose significantly. Publications citing Common funding showed the highest influence (mean RCR = 2.52). Publications citing FDA-TRS funding displayed higher median RCRs than publications citing NIH funding in most WoS categories. Higher translational progress was estimated over time for FDA-TRS and Common publications compared to NIH publications. Authors citing Common funding scored highest across all collaboration measures.

CONCLUSIONS

This study demonstrates the high bibliometric output of tobacco research overall. The rise in publications citing FDA-TRS and Common likely reflects increased funding for TRS research. Higher RCRs across WoS subject categories and trends towards human translation among FDA-TRS and Common publications indicate focus on research to inform regulation. This analysis suggests that FDA support for TRS has expanded the field of tobacco control resulting in sustained productivity, influence, and collaboration.

IMPLICATIONS

This paper is the first effort to better describe the impact of tobacco research resulting from the addition of FDA funding for TRS in the past decade. The analysis provides impetus for further investigation into the publication topics and their focus which would offer insight into the specific evidence generated on tobacco control and regulation.

Global research on Clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea: A visualized study

BACKGROUND

Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile (C. difficile) is still the most common cause of healthcare-associated diarrhoea and is increasing in prevalence as a community-acquired infection. In addition, the emergence of antibiotic resistance in C. difficile can increase the likelihood of the disease developing and/or spreading.

AIM

To provide an up-to-date picture of the trends in publications related to C. difficile infection, together with specific insights into hot-button issues in this field.

METHODS

Publications on C. difficile infections in the field of microbiology between 2001 and 2020 were identified from the Scopus database and Reference Citation Analysis. Bibliometric indicators were determined, including the number and type of publications, countries, affiliations, funding agencies, journals and citation patterns. VOSviewer was used to determine research areas and hot-button issues by identifying recurring terms with a high relative occurrence in the title and abstract.

RESULTS

A total of 8127 documents on ‘C. difficile-associated diarrhoea’ published between 2001 and 2020 were retrieved from the Scopus database. In the last decade, there has been a significant almost fourfold increase in the number of published papers on this topic. The United States was among the countries (44.11%) with the most publications, and the most involved institution was the University of Leeds in the United Kingdom (2.50%). Three clusters of research were identified and included ‘illness spectrum and severity, as well as the signs, symptoms and clinical pathogenesis of C. difficile’; ‘laboratory diagnosis and characterization of C. difficile’ and ‘risk factors for C. difficile infection’.

CONCLUSION

This study contains the most up-to-date and comprehensive data ever compiled in this field. More international research and cross-institutional collaborations are needed to address more global C. difficile concerns and to benefit from greater sharing of expertise, which will result in higher quality or more effective studies in the future. Promising research avenues in the near future may draw the attention of relevant scientists and funding organizations and open up novel C. difficile infection–based diagnosis and treatment approaches.

AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK) channel: A Global Bibliometric analysis From 2012 to 2021

In recent years, AMPK channel has gained considerable attention in a variety of research areas, and several academic journals have published articles on AMPK research. However, few attempts have been made to thoroughly assess the scientific output and current status systematically in this topic from a worldwide viewpoint. As a result, it is critical to adopt an appropriate visualization method to reveal the global status, future research trends, and hotspots in AMPK channel research. To investigate research hotspots/frontiers in certain domains, bibliometric analysis has been frequently utilized to determine the productivity of nations, institutions, authors, and the frequency of keywords. In this work, we used CiteSpace and VOSviewer to conduct a bibliometric analysis of AMPK channel studies from 2012 to 2021 in order to perform researchers with some directions for AMPK channel research.

Multimorbidity in the Elderly: A Systematic Bibliometric Analysis of Research Output

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the progression and trends of multimorbidity in the elderly in China and internationally from a bibliometric perspective, and compare their differences on hotspots and research fronts. Methods: Publications between January 2001 and August 2021 were retrieved from WOS and CNKI databases. Endnote 20 and VOSviewer 1.6.8 were used to summarize bibliometric features, including publication years, journals, and keywords, and the co-occurrence map of countries, institutions, and keywords was drawn. Results: 3857 research papers in English and 664 research papers in Chinese were included in this study. The development trends of multimorbidity in the elderly are fully synchronized in China and other countries. They were divided into germination period, development period, and prosperity period. Research literature in English was found to be mainly focused on public health, and the IF of the literature is high; In China, however, most research papers are in general medicine and geriatrics with fewer core journals. Co-occurrence analysis based on countries and institutions showed that the most productive areas were the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and Australia, while the Chinese researchers have made little contribution. The clustering analysis of high-frequency keywords in China and around the globe shows that the hotspots have shifted from individual multimorbidity to group multimorbidity management. Sorting out the top 10 highly cited articles and highly cited authors, Barnett, K’s article published in Lancet in 2012 is regarded as a milestone in the field. Conclusion: Multimorbidity in the elderly leads to more attention in the world. Although China lags behind global research the research fronts from disease-centered to patient-centered, and individual management to population management is consistent.

Bibliometric analysis of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors channel research (2000-2020)

To explore the research status, hotspots, and trends in research on nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) channel. The Web of Science core collection database from 2000 to 2020 was used as the data source. The visual analysis software VOSviewer1.6.16 and Citespace5.7 R3 were used to visualize the studies of the nAChR channel. The national/institutional distribution, journal distribution, authors, and related research were discussed. A total of 5,794 articles were obtained. The USA and the Utah System of Higher Education were the most productive country and institution for nAChR channel research. Journal of Biological Chemistry was the most productive journal (212) and the most productive researcher was McIntosh, J. Michael. The first highly co-cited article was "Refined structure of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor at 4A resolution." The most researched area was neurosciences neurology. The hot spots of nAChR channel research were "subunit and structure of nAChR," "activation/agonist of nAChR channel," and "Changes in nAChRs With Alzheimer's Disease." The top three research frontiers of nAChR channel research were "neuropathic pain," "neuroinflammation," and "α7 nACHR." The study provides a perspective to visualize and analyze hotspots and emerging trends in the nAChR channel.

Investigación española en las áreas de adicciones y de trastornos de la alimentación: análisis de la producción, colaboración e impacto científico (1962-2017)

Las adicciones y los trastornos de la alimentación constituyen uno de los principales problemas de salud en la sociedad contemporánea al que se destinan gran cantidad de recursos destinados a la investigación para su prevención y tratamiento. Objetivos. Analizar la investigación española en el área de adicciones y trastornos de la alimentación desde que se publicó el primer trabajo recogido en bases de datos bibliográficas y desde una perspectiva bibliométrica. Metodología. Para obtener la información necesaria se consultaron las bases de datos Web of Science, Scopus y bases de datos del CSIC. Se elaboró un perfil de búsqueda específico. Se obtuvieron indicadores bibliométricos de producción, colaboración e impacto científico. Se utilizó el análisis de redes sociales para identificar las redes de investigadores y sus relaciones de colaboración, así como la red de co-palabras clave. Resultados. La producción científica aumentó progresivamente durante los casi 50 años analizados. Los trabajos se publicaron en una gran variedad de revistas nacionales y extranjeras, entre las que destacaron Adicciones, Revista Española de Drogodependencias, Trastornos Adictivos y Salud y Drogas. Conclusiones. La producción, colaboración e impacto de la investigación ha sido creciente y las adicciones más estudiadas fueron el tabaquismo, alcoholismo, consumo de cocaína y consumo de anfetaminas.

Respiratory and Cardiovascular Health Effects of e-Cigarette Substitution: Protocol for Two Living Systematic Reviews

Background

Despite the clear risks of tobacco use, millions of people continue to smoke. Electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), commonly called e-cigarettes, have been proposed as a substitute for those who are unwilling or unable to quit. Current systematic and narrative reviews on the health effects of ENDS use, particularly respiratory and cardiovascular effects, have come to differing conclusions.

Objective

We conducted two systematic reviews to critically assess and synthesize available human studies on the respiratory and cardiovascular health effects of ENDS substitution for people who smoke. The primary goal is to provide clinicians with evidence on the health effects of ENDS substitution to inform their treatment recommendations and plans. The twin goal of the reviews is to promote health literacy in ENDS users with facts on the health effects of ENDS.

Methods

These two reviews will be living systematic reviews. The systematic reviews will be initiated through a baseline review. Studies will be evaluated using the JBI quality assessment tools and a checklist of biases drawn from the Centre for Evidence Based Medicine Catalogue of Bias. A narrative synthesis is planned because of the heterogeneity of data. A search for recently published studies will be conducted every 3 months, and an updated review will be published every 6 months for the duration of the project or possibly longer.

Results

The baseline and updated reviews will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. The findings of the reviews will be reported in a white paper for clinicians and a fact sheet for people who use ENDS.

Conclusions

The substitution of ENDS for cigarettes is one way to potentially reduce the risks of smoking. Clinicians and their patients need to understand the potential benefits and possible risks of substituting ENDS for cigarettes. Our living systematic reviews seek to highlight the best and most up-to-date evidence in this highly contentious and fast-moving field of research.

Trial Registration

PROSPERO CRD42021239094; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=239094

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

DERR1-10.2196/29084

Bibliometric Analysis of Research Studies Based on Federally Funded Children's Health Surveys

OBJECTIVE

Bibliometric analyses are commonly used to measure the productivity of researchers or institutions but rarely used to assess the scientific contribution of national surveys/datasets. We applied bibliometric methods to quantify the contributions of the National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH) and the National Survey of Children with Special Health Care Needs (NS-CSHCN) to the body of pediatric health-related research. We also examined dissemination to nonresearch audiences by analyzing media coverage of statistics and research produced from the surveys.

METHODS

We conducted a search of the Web of Science database to identify peer-reviewed articles related to the NSCH and NS-CSHCN published between 2002 and 2019. We summarized information about citation counts, publishing journals, key research areas, and institutions using the surveys. We used the Lexis Advance database Nexis to assess media coverage.

RESULTS

The publication set included 716 NSCH/NS-CSHCN journal articles published between 2002 and June 2019. These publications have in turn been cited 22,449 times, including in 1614 review articles. Over 180 journals have published NSCH/NS-CSHCN articles, and the most commonly covered research areas are in pediatrics; public, environmental and occupational health; psychology; and health care sciences and services. Over 500 institutions have used NSCH/NS-CSHCN data to publish journal articles, and over 950 news media articles have cited statistics or research produced by the surveys.

CONCLUSIONS

NSCH/NS-CSHCN data are widely used by government, academic, and media institutions. Bibliometric methods provide a systematic approach to quantify and describe the contributions to the scientific literature made possible with these data.

Published Research on Burnout in Nursing in Spain in the Last Decade: Bibliometric Analysis

Scientific production in the last decades has evidenced an increase in burnout syndrome in healthcare professionals. The objective of this bibliometric study was to analyze scientific productions on burnout in nurses in 2009–2019. A search was made on the Web of Science database on burnout in nursing. The variables evaluated were number of publications per year, productivity based on the journal and relationships between authors. Data were analyzed using Bibexcel software, and Pajek was used to visualize the co-authorship network map. A total of 1528 publications related to burnout in nurses were identified. The years with the most productivity were 2016 to 2017, when the publication rate increased noticeably over previous years. The Spanish journal with the most production on the subject was Atención Primaria. The co-authorship network analyzed illustrated collaboration patterns among the researchers. Scientific publications on the subject have increased in recent years due to problems in the healthcare system, which is in need of prevention and intervention programs for healthcare professionals.

The Landscape of Risk Communication Research: A Scientometric Analysis

Risk communication is a significant research domain with practical importance in supporting societal risk governance and informed private decision making. In this article, a high-level analysis of the risk communication research domain is performed using scientometrics methods and visualization tools. Output trends and geographical patterns are identified, and patterns in scientific categories determined. A journal distribution analysis provides insights into dominant journals and the domain's intellectual base. Thematic clusters and temporal evolution of focus topics are obtained using a terms analysis, and a co-citation analysis provides insights into the evolution of research fronts and key documents. The results indicate that the research volume grows exponentially, with by far most contributions originating from Western countries. The domain is highly interdisciplinary, rooted in psychology and social sciences, and branching mainly into medicine and environmental sciences. Narrative themes focus on risk communication in medical and societal risk governance contexts. The domain originated from public health and environmental concerns, with subsequent research fronts addressing risk communication concepts and models. Applied research fronts are associated with environmental hazards, public health, medical risks, nuclear power, and emergency response to various natural hazards. Based on the results, various avenues for future research are described.

Content Analysis of Electronic Nicotine Delivery System Publications in Core Clinical Journals from 2012 to 2018

There is no consensus if electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) should be used to reduce harm among the smoking population. Physicians, who represent a trusted source of health communication, are exposed to a range of often conflicting ENDS information and this information may be relayed to patients looking to quit smoking. Previous studies have examined ENDS content of various sources of media but there is a lack of knowledge about ENDS content in medical journals. We analyzed 421 ENDS publications printed between 2012 and 2018 from PubMed's Core Clinical Journal list. Publications were analyzed based on publication type, journal type, study design, geographic focus, theme, terminology, outcomes, and positive/negative statements. The number of ENDS publications grew since 2012, and peaked in 2015. Across all years, negative statements about ENDS outnumbered positive statements, though this difference decreased over time. Over time, negative statements about "toxins and carcinogens" were made less frequently, while negative statements about "gateway effects" and "youth appeal" became more prevalent. UK journals had fewer negative statements relative to US journals. Only 12.6% of publications included guidance for healthcare professionals about ENDS. As published ENDS topics change over time, physicians' communications with patients may be impacted.

Electronic cigarettes: Emerging trends and research hotspots

INTRODUCTION

Research on electronic cigarettes is an emerging field, with the number of articles in this field noted to have grown exponentially over recent years. We used a bibliometric analysis method (co-word analysis) to analyze the emerging trends and research hotspots in this field.

METHODS

Publication data on electronic cigarettes from 2010 to 2018 were retrieved and downloaded from the PubMed database. Theme trends and knowledge structures were analyzed on the relevant research fields of electronic cigarettes by using a biclustering analysis, strategic diagram analysis, and social network analysis methods. Research hotspots were extracted and compared from three periods.

RESULTS

Core topics that have continuously develop between the years 2010 and 2018 include: tobacco use cessation devices; tobacco products; tobacco use cessation devices/adverse effects; smoking prevention and adverse effects; electronic nicotine delivery systems/economics; and public health. Some currently undeveloped topics that could be considered as new future research directions include: tobacco use disorder/therapy; tobacco use disorder/epidemiology; students/psychology; students/statistics and numerical data; adolescent behavior/psychology; nicotine/toxicity; nicotinic agonists/administration and dosage; and electronic nicotine delivery systems/legislation and jurisprudence.

CONCLUSIONS

Results suggest that some currently immature topics in strategic coordinates and emerging hotspots in social network graphs can be used as future research directions.

Slip and Fall Incidents at Work: A Visual Analytics Analysis of the Research Domain

Slip and fall incidents at work remain an important class of injury and fatality causing mechanisms. An extensive body of safety research has accumulated on this topic. This article presents an analysis of this research domain. Two bibliometric visualization tools are applied: VOSviewer and HistCite. Samples of 618 slip and fall related articles are obtained from the Web of Science database. Networks of institutions, authors, terms, and chronological citation relationships are established. Collaboration and research activities of the slip and fall research community show that most contributors are from the United States, with the (now closed) Liberty Mutual Research Institute for Safety the most influential research organization. The results of a term clustering analysis show that the slip and fall research can be grouped into three sub-domains: epidemiology, gait/biomechanics, and tribology. Of these, early research focused mainly on tribology, whereas research on gait/biomechanics and epidemiological studies are relatively more recent. Psychological aspects of slip and fall incident occurrence represent a relatively under-investigated research topic, in which future contributions may provide new insights and safety improvements. Better linking of this research domain with other principles and methods in safety science, such as safety management and resilience, may also present valuable future development paths.

Global scientific trends on aflatoxin research during 1998-2017: a bibliometric and visualized study

BACKGROUND

Aflatoxins are fungal metabolites associated with contaminated food products. Intake of aflatoxin-contaminated food results in serious health hazards and even death. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the global scientific output of research of aflatoxin by using bibliometric techniques.

METHODS

This bibliometric study was conducted using Scopus database and classified the retrieved publications were classified from different aspects, including the countries/region of focus, journals, authors, institutes, citations, and content analysis to discover any hot and emerging topics. In addition, the bibliometric analysis of the international collaborative network and hot research topics were generated by VOSviewer© software version 1.6.10. The publication period was restricted in the search for two decades (1998-2017).

RESULTS

The search engine of the Scopus database found 9845 documents published in the field of aflatoxin. The USA is the top publishing source in the world (22.85%), followed by China (11.85%), India (9.32%), and Italy (5.25%). In earlier years, researchers focused on terms related to the topics of "sources and biosynthesis of aflatoxin", "health effects by aflatoxin", and "detoxification and treatment of aflatoxin". However, in recent years, researchers pay more attention to the topic of detection and quantification of aflatoxin.

CONCLUSIONS

The quantity of research in global aflatoxin has substantially increased over the past two decades. The evaluation of the historical status and development trend in aflatoxin scientific research can guide future research, and ultimately provide the basis for improving management procedures for governmental decisions, healthcare, industries, and educational institutions.

Sucralose-Enhanced Degradation of Electronic Cigarette Liquids during Vaping

Electronic cigarette liquids (e-liquids) with sweetener additives such as sucralose, a synthetic chlorinated disaccharide, are popular among some e-cigarette consumers; sucralose can be added either by the manufacturer or by the consumer. The prevalence of sucralose in commercial e-liquids is not known, nor is the typical concentration of sucralose when present; labels are not required to disclose ingredient information. Here, we report the effects of sucralose on e-liquid degradation upon e-cigarette vaping as studied using 1H NMR spectroscopy, ion chromatography, and gas chromatography coupled with detection by mass spectrometry or flame ionization detector. Sucralose was found to be subject to degradation when included in propylene glycol + glycerol based e-liquids and vaped; the presence of sucralose in the e-liquids also resulted in altered and enhanced solvent degradation. In particular, production of aldehydes (carbonyls) and hemiacetals (which have implications for health) was enhanced, as demonstrated by 1H NMR. The presence of sucralose at 0.03 mol % (0.14 wt %) in an e-liquid also resulted in production of potentially harmful organochlorine compounds and catalyzed the cyclization of aldehydes with solvents to acetals upon vaping; the presence of chloride in e-liquid aerosols was confirmed by ion chromatography. Quantities of sucralose as low as 0.05 mol % (0.24 wt %) in e-liquids lead to significant production of solvent degradation products.