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Pedišić Ž, Strika M, Matolić T, Sorić M, Šalaj S, Dujić I, Rakovac M, Radičević B, Podnar H, Greblo Jurakić Z, Jerković M, Radašević H, Čvrljak J, Petračić T, Musić Milanović S, Lang Morović M, Krtalić S, Milić M, Papić A, Momčinović N, Mišigoj-Duraković M, Heimer S, Jurakić D. Physical Activity of Children and Adolescents in Croatia: A Global Matrix 4.0 Systematic Review of Its Prevalence and Associated Personal, Social, Environmental, and Policy Factors. J Phys Act Health 2023; 20:487-499. [PMID: 37076241 DOI: 10.1123/jpah.2022-0500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The previous review of physical activity (PA) among Croatian children and adolescents was conducted a decade ago. Therefore, the aim of this study was to summarize recent evidence on PA of Croatian children and adolescents and associated personal, social, environmental, and policy factors. METHODS Eighteen experts reviewed the available evidence and provided ratings (from the lowest grade "F" to the highest grade "A+") for the 10 Global Matrix indicators. A systematic search with 100 keywords was conducted in Hrčak, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science for documents published from January 01, 2012, to April 15, 2022. We also conducted internet searches and secondary analyses of data (relative frequencies) from 6 studies. RESULTS After assessing 7562 references, we included 90 publications in the review and 18 studies (83.3% of medium-to-good quality) in evidence synthesis. We found a high prevalence of insufficient PA (especially among girls) and excessive screen time (especially among boys). PA participation of children and adolescents in Croatia has declined over time. The following grades were assigned to the indicators for Croatia: B- for overall PA, C- for organized sport and PA, C for active play, C- for active transportation, D+ for sedentary behavior, inconclusive for physical fitness, D+ for family and peers, B- for school, B- for community and environment, and D+ for government. CONCLUSIONS Coordinated actions are needed across sectors to improve PA promotion, with a focus on increasing PA among girls, reducing sedentary screen time among boys, improving parental support for PA, and further development of national PA policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Željko Pedišić
- Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, VIC,Australia
| | - Melanija Strika
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb,Croatia
| | - Tena Matolić
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb,Croatia
| | - Maroje Sorić
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb,Croatia
| | - Sanja Šalaj
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb,Croatia
| | - Ivan Dujić
- Croatian School Sport Federation, Zagreb,Croatia
| | - Marija Rakovac
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb,Croatia
- Croatian Sports Medicine Society, Croatian Medical Association, Zagreb,Croatia
| | | | - Hrvoje Podnar
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb,Croatia
| | | | | | - Hrvoje Radašević
- Andrija Štampar Teaching Institute of Public Health, Zagreb,Croatia
| | - Jelena Čvrljak
- Andrija Štampar Teaching Institute of Public Health, Zagreb,Croatia
| | - Tin Petračić
- Algebra University College, Zagreb,Croatia
- Primary School "Mladost,"Lekenik,Croatia
| | - Sanja Musić Milanović
- Croatian Institute of Public Health, Zagreb,Croatia
- School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb,Croatia
| | | | | | - Mirjana Milić
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Split,Croatia
| | - Alma Papić
- Croatian Olympic Committee, Zagreb,Croatia
| | | | | | - Stjepan Heimer
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb,Croatia
- Croatian Sports Medicine Society, Croatian Medical Association, Zagreb,Croatia
| | - Danijel Jurakić
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb,Croatia
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Pirnes KP, Kallio JJ, Hakonen HJ, Hautala AJ, Joensuu L, Häkkinen AH, Tammelin TH. Physical fitness characteristics and neck and shoulder pain incidence in school-aged children-A 2-year follow-up. Health Sci Rep 2022; 5:e852. [PMID: 36248347 PMCID: PMC9547342 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims Neck and shoulder pain (NSP) is common in school age, but preventative factors have not been identified. The purpose was to study whether a fitness test could be used to predict the incidence of NSP and determine whether good physical fitness characters would be associated with lower NSP incidence in school-aged children at 2-year follow-up. Methods After the invitation to nine schools, 970 children (10-15 years old) agreed to participate. Flexibility, fundamental movement skills, musculoskeletal fitness, and cardiorespiratory fitness measurements included in Finnish Schools on the Move! monitoring system for physical functional capacity were measured at baseline in 2013. The NSP incidence was assessed by an online survey during school hours after 1 and 2 years. Logistic regression was used to analyze associations between physical fitness characteristics and NSP incidence. Results The mean prevalence of NSP was 26% at baseline. The NSP incidence was 15% in the first and 18% in the second follow-up year. Good physical fitness was not associated with lower NSP incidence in the 2-year follow-up. Successful lower back extension (odds ratio [OR] = 2.83) and good scores in curl-up (OR = 1.80) adjusted with age, gender, and body mass index, were associated with higher NSP incidence between T0 and T2. Throwing-catching combination (OR = 0.55) was associated with a lower NSP incidence in unadjusted analysis, but the association did not remain after adjustments. Conclusion Good physical fitness characteristics were not consistently associated with a lower NSP incidence in school-aged children in a 2-year follow-up. The role of general field-based physical fitness test as a screening tool for NSP incidence remains unconfirmed. More longitudinal studies are needed to detect the factors underlying NSP incidence in school-aged children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jouni Juhani Kallio
- Likes, School of Health and Social StudiesJamk University of Applied SciencesJyväskyläFinland
| | - Harto Juho Hakonen
- Likes, School of Health and Social StudiesJamk University of Applied SciencesJyväskyläFinland
| | - Arto Jorma Hautala
- Faculty of Sport and Health SciencesUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
| | - Laura Joensuu
- Faculty of Sport and Health SciencesUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
| | | | - Tuija Heini Tammelin
- Likes, School of Health and Social StudiesJamk University of Applied SciencesJyväskyläFinland
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