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Eizadi-Mood N, Mahvari R, Akafzadeh Savari M, Mohammadbeigi E, Feizi A, Mirmoghtadaei P, Sami R, Meamar R. Acute pesticide poisoning in the central part of Iran: A 4-year cross-sectional study. SAGE Open Med 2023; 11:20503121221147352. [PMID: 36778200 PMCID: PMC9909076 DOI: 10.1177/20503121221147352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Intoxication with pesticides is a well-known public health problem. We aimed to describe the demographic and toxico-clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with pesticide poisoning. Methods This retrospective cross-sectional study was performed in Khorshid Hospital affiliated with Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. All patients with pesticide poisoning (insecticides, herbicides, fungicides, rodenticides, and acaricides) were evaluated. The patients' demographic, toxicological, clinical, and laboratory findings from March 2016 until March 2021 were collected and analyzed. Results During the study period, 25,659 patients with acute poisoning were admitted, of which, 1567 (6.1% of the total poisoning) with pesticide poisoning were included. The mean ± SD age of the patients was 31.34 ± 13.7 years and 55.3% were men (male/female ratio = 1.23). In approximately 75% of the patients, poisoning occurred by suicidal attempts, while in 14.3% (n = 224), it was accidental. Insecticides caused about 51.30% of the poisonings. However, rodenticides were most commonly used in completed suicide attempts (79.9%). The frequency of previously attempted suicide, and self-harming was different among the patients with respect to the type of pesticide poisoning (p < 0.05). Previous suicidal attempts (35.3%) and self-harming (17.3%) were reported more in patients poisoned with the combination of pesticides. Half of the patients were employed. Nausea and vomiting (56.7%, n = 889) were the most common clinical manifestations; 8.3% (n = 130) of the patients died, 64 of whom had rodenticide poisoning. Conclusion The prevalence of pesticide poisoning was relatively low; most were insecticide poisoning. Poisoning occurred most through attempted suicide. Rodenticides and herbicides had higher mortality rates than other pesticides. Patients with previously attempted suicide and self-harming behavior may use a combination of pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nastaran Eizadi-Mood
- Department of Clinical Toxicology, School of Medicine, Isfahan Clinical Toxicology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Razieh Mahvari
- Isfahan Clinical Toxicology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mahsa Akafzadeh Savari
- Isfahan Clinical Toxicology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ehsan Mohammadbeigi
- Isfahan Clinical Toxicology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Awat Feizi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Ramin Sami
- Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Rokhsareh Meamar
- Isfahan Clinical Toxicology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran,Rokhsareh Meamar, Isfahan Clinical Toxicology Research Center, Khorshid Hospital, Ostandari Street, Hasht Behest Avenue, Isfahan 8618774571, Iran.
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Elmastas A, Umaz A, Pirinc V, Aydin F. Quantitative determination and removal of pesticide residues in fresh vegetables and fruit products by LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 2023; 195:277. [PMID: 36609771 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-10910-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Pesticides are the potent agrochemicals used to successfully manage, repel, or stop pests and weeds in agricultural production. This study analyzed 222 pesticide active substances in 90 samples of seven different vegetables and fruits acquired from producers through liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) technology. The validation parameters of each pesticide's active substances were determined. The LOD, LOQ values, and recovery studies of the 222 active substances were 3.00, 10.00 ng/g, and between 76.07 and 108.08%, respectively. The correlation coefficients and measurement uncertainty were determined to be between 0.990-0.999 and 8.91-31.46%, respectively. There were active substances of chlorpyrifos, acetamiprid, azoxystrobin, difenoconazole, malathion, dieldrin, boscalid, triticonazole, tebuconazole, triadimenol, trifloxystrobin, pirimicarb, and dodine among the vegetable and fruit samples used in the study. There were no active substances in 55 (61%) samples. Among the 35 samples (39%), 31 samples (34%) contained only one active substance, whereas four (5%) contained two active substances. However, the amount of active substances in six (7%) samples was above the maximum residue levels (MRL) limits. Various processes used in the study revealed that peeling was the most effective pesticide residue removal strategy. The washing procedure also proved that it reduced some pesticide residues but failed to eliminate all pesticides. The peeling process successfully reduced a significant amount of the active substances from the products, however, residues remained. Washing the fruits with hot water was also effective in removing residues. As a result, analyses of the peeled sections yielded higher pesticide residue concentrations than those of the entire product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayhan Elmastas
- Diyarbakir Food Control Laboratory, Ministry of Food, Agriculture and Animal Husbandry, Diyarbakır, 21100, Turkey
| | - Adil Umaz
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Mardin Artuklu University, Mardin, 47200, Turkey.
| | - Vedat Pirinc
- Department of Horizontal Plants, Dicle University, Diyarbakır, 21280, Turkey
| | - Firat Aydin
- Department of Chemistry, Dicle University, Diyarbakir, 21280, Turkey
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Sun H, Liu K, Li M, Tang S, Monte AA, Wang J, Nie S, Rui Q, Liu W, Qin H, Tan X, Ni H, Yang W, Zhu C, Yang R, Yu T, Wang S, Jiang H, Chen X, Zhang W, Zhu Y, Zhao H, Yang S, Yin K, Shao D, Xiao L, Chen Z, Yuan W, Hu D, Wan X, Wu L, Zhang J. The influence of coronavirus disease 2019 on emergency department visits in Nanjing, China: A multicentre cross-sectional study. Am J Emerg Med 2020; 38:2101-2109. [PMID: 33184025 PMCID: PMC7415345 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajem.2020.07.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Influenza has been linked to the crowding in emergency departments (ED) across the world. The impact of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on China EDs has been quite different from those during past influenza outbreaks. Our objective was to determine if COVID-19 changed ED visit disease severity during the pandemic. METHODS This was a retrospective cross sectional study conducted in Nanjing, China. We captured ED visit data from 28 hospitals. We then compared visit numbers from October 2019 to February 2020 for a month-to-month analysis and every February from 2017 to 2020 for a year-to-year analysis. Inter-group chi-square test and time series trend tests were performed to compare visit numbers. The primary outcome was the proportion of severe disease visits in the EDs. RESULTS Through February 29 th 2020, there were 93 laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 patients in Nanjing, of which 40 cases (43.01%) were first seen in the ED. The total number of ED visits in Nanjing in February 2020, were dramatically decreased (n = 99,949) in compared to January 2020 (n = 313,125) and February 2019 (n = 262,503). Except for poisoning, the severe diseases in EDs all decreased in absolute number, but increased in proportion both in year-to-year and month-to-month analyses. This increase in proportional ED disease severity was greater in higher-level referral hospitals when compared year by year. CONCLUSION The COVID-19 outbreak has been associated with decreases in ED visits in Nanjing, China, but increases in the proportion of severe ED visits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Sun
- Department of Emergency, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guang Zhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Keqin Liu
- Department of Emergency, Jiangsu Provincial Second Chinese Medicine Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 23 Nanhu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Emergency, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guang Zhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaowen Tang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, 818 Tianyuandong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Andrew A Monte
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine Leprino Building, 7th Floor Campus Box B-215, 12401 E. 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, United States; Nanjing Medical University, 818 Tianyuandong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Emergency, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, 321 Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210008, People's Republic of China
| | - Shinan Nie
- Department of Emergency, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 Zhongshan East Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211002, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinglin Rui
- Department of Emergency, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 155 Hanzhong Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenge Liu
- Department of Emergency, Zhongda Hospital Southeast University, 87 Dingjiaqiao, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Haidong Qin
- Department of Emergency, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 68 Changle Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210006, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Tan
- Department of Emergency, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 121 Jiangjiayuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210011, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibin Ni
- Department of Emergency, Jiangsu Province Hospital on Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, 100, Shizi Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210028, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenxin Yang
- Department of Emergency, Eastern Theater General Hospital, Qinhuai District Medical Area 34, 34 Biao, Yanggongjing Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, People's Republic of China
| | - Congjian Zhu
- Department of Emergency, Nanjing Tongren Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University Nanjing, 2007, Jiyin Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211102, People's Republic of China
| | - Runhua Yang
- Department of Emergency, Nanjing Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital, 179, Xiao Lin-Wei, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210014, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianhao Yu
- Department of Emergency, Nanjing Brain Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, 264 Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengwei Wang
- Department of Emergency, Nanjing Chest Hospital, 215, Guangzhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210029, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Jiang
- Department of Emergency, The Second Hospital of Nanjing, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 1 Zhongfu Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- Department of Emergency, The 454th Hospital of PLA, 1, Malu Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210002, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Nanjing Hospital of Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, 157 Daming Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210022, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhu
- Department of Emergency, Jiangsu Province Official Hospital, 30, Luojia Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China, 210024
| | - Huatou Zhao
- Department of Emergency, People's Hospital of Gaochun, 9, Chunzhong Road, Gaochun, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211300, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiyu Yang
- Department of Emergency, Nanjing BENQ Medical Center, 71, Hexi Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China, 210019
| | - Kejin Yin
- Department of Emergency, Nanjing Jiangbei People's Hospital, 552, Ge-guan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 220000, People's Republic of China
| | - Danbing Shao
- Department of Emergency, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, 109 Longmian Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang Xiao
- Department of Emergency, Nanjing Luhe People's Hospital, 28, Yan'an Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211500, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengwei Chen
- Department of Emergency, Nanjing Pukou Central Hospital, 166, Shanghe Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211800, People's Republic of China
| | - Weizhong Yuan
- Department of Emergency, Nanjing Meishan Hospital, 505, Xiongfeng Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210039, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongdong Hu
- Department of Emergency, The Pukou Hospital of Nanjing, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 18 Puyuan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210031, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyong Wan
- Department of Emergency, Nanjing Central Hospital, 116, Chengxian Street, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210018, People's Republic of China
| | - Lanfu Wu
- Department of Emergency, Nanjing Yangzi Hospital, 21, Pingdingshan Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210048, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinsong Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, 300 Guang Zhou Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210029, People's Republic of China.
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