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Rahman T, Weatherall A, Kennedy M, Baker AL, Gould GS. My quitting stories: A qualitative study exploring Aboriginal women's experiences of smoking cessation and preventing relapse in the context of pregnancy. Women Birth 2023; 36:e237-e245. [PMID: 35918279 DOI: 10.1016/j.wombi.2022.07.172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Most women who give up smoking during pregnancy relapse to smoking postnatally. Evidence on strategies that are helpful in maintaining smoking cessation during and beyond pregnancy is limited. AIM This paper aims to explore Aboriginal women's experiences of quitting smoking, relapsing, and preventing relapse, focusing on the strategies they applied for attaining and maintaining abstinence and the support they received. METHODS Qualitative interviews were conducted between October 2020 and June 2021, in urban New South Wales, Australia, with 12 Aboriginal women who either smoked tobacco or quit smoking and had been pregnant in the last five years. Aboriginal Research Assistants recruited participants, participated in data collection and data analysis. Data were thematically analysed. RESULTS Major themes that emerged from the data include: a) aspiration to be abstinent; b) strong mindset; c) strategies to stay smoke-free; d) supports received; and e) service and policy recommendations. Protecting children from second-hand smoke had salience for the maintenance of abstinence. Having a strong mindset was perceived as a prerequisite to staying smoke-free. Use of multiple coping strategies in combination was frequently expressed. Knowledge about tobacco-related harms, the way nicotine dependence works, and the available support options was empowering and enabled informed decision making and actions around smoking cessation. CONCLUSION This qualitative study conducted with 12 Aboriginal women revealed that Aboriginal women employ multiple strategies (cognitive, behavioural and social) to quit smoking and stay smoke-free. The strategies warrant further exploration with different Aboriginal communities across Australia and consideration of inclusion in smoking cessation care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabassum Rahman
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia; Indigenous Epidemiology and Health Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3053, Australia.
| | - Alyce Weatherall
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Michelle Kennedy
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia.
| | - Amanda L Baker
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia.
| | - Gillian S Gould
- Faculty of Health, Southern Cross University, Coffs Harbour, NSW 2450, Australia.
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Long-Term Post-traumatic Stress Disorder After Orthopaedic Injury: Prevalence and Risk Factors. J Orthop Trauma 2022; 36:e122-e128. [PMID: 34456309 DOI: 10.1097/bot.0000000000002250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in individuals who are further removed from injury (up to 3 years) and to identify injury-specific characteristics that are associated with an increased risk for persistent PTSD symptoms. DESIGN Cross-sectional, retrospective cohort. SETTING Level I trauma center. PATIENTS/PARTICIPANTS Two hundred forty-three patients operatively treated for orthopaedic trauma between March 2017 through June 2018. INTERVENTION Orthopaedic trauma requiring operative intervention. MAIN OUTCOME MEASUREMENTS The primary outcome was score on the PTSD Checklist for the DSM-5 (PCL-5) survey. A score of 31 or higher was considered concerning for PTSD. RESULTS Forty-nine of 239 respondents (20.5%) scored positive for PTSD. Multivariate analysis demonstrated an increased risk of PTSD for patients with a history of smoking and those who required delayed reoperation (greater than 90 days postoperative). White race and low-energy mechanisms of injury were associated with decreased risk of PTSD. Fracture locations were not associated with a higher likelihood of PTSD. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of PTSD symptoms in patients up to 3 years after surgery remains higher than the estimated prevalence of PTSD in the general US population. It is similar to previously documented rates of PTSD for patients less than 1 year after injury. Long-term complication requiring reoperation was associated with an increased risk of persistent PTSD symptoms. Orthopaedic providers should be mindful of PTSD symptoms not only in the immediate postoperative period but throughout the treatment course particularly for those with identified PTSD risk factors. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
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Rahman T, Eftekhari P, Bovill M, Baker AL, Gould GS. Socioecological Mapping of Barriers and Enablers to Smoking Cessation in Indigenous Australian Women During Pregnancy and Postpartum: A Systematic Review. Nicotine Tob Res 2021; 23:888-899. [DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntab003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
With a high prevalence of smoking during pregnancy and limited Indigenous-specific evidence for treatment, we used socioecological mapping to identify multilevel barriers and enablers to smoking cessation related to Indigenous Australian pregnant and postpartum women.
Methods
Nine electronic databases were searched. Original studies except interventions and trials, published in English, up to February 29, 2020 were included. Studies were appraised using the QualSyst tool. Evidence was narratively synthesized. The review protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42019135543).
Results
A total of 15 studies (10 quantitative, 5 qualitative) were included, covering 1306 women, 3 partners/family members, 234 health professionals (HP), and 2755 patient records. Complex and overlapping barriers were identified at individual, family, community, societal, and system levels. Socioeconomic disadvantages, inequality, and pervasive racism as legacies of colonization, combined with personal, family, and community circumstances intensified individual experiences of stress, which may be heightened during pregnancy. Inadequate smoking cessation care (SCC), inconsistent antitobacco messages, and ineffectual HP interventions underscore a need for service enhancement and further evidence to develop culturally relevant messages. High motivation of pregnant women to quit, resilience, and supports available in the family and community are strengths that warrant attention in future interventions.
Conclusions
SCC without ameliorating the social disadvantages and the disparities in health determinants between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australian women may limit the effectiveness of SCC. A comprehensive approach is required that includes policy changes for addressing external stressors the women experience, engagement of family and community, and better training of HP and provision of free pharmacotherapy.
Implications
To systematically address barriers to smoking cessation at multiple levels, initiatives to ameliorate social disadvantages and discrepancies in social determinants of health between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians are required to be taken in tandem with SCC. Initiatives may include making relevant policy changes and allocating more resources for education, employment, housing, and community development. Enhancement of knowledge, skills, and confidence of HP regarding the provision of high-quality SCC for Indigenous women and their families is warranted. Future interventions may build on high motivation, resilience, and strengths of individual women, and incorporate support strategies engaging family and community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tabassum Rahman
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Level 4-West, 1/1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Parivash Eftekhari
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Level 4-West, 1/1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Michelle Bovill
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Level 4-West, 1/1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Amanda L Baker
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Level 4-West, 1/1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
| | - Gillian S Gould
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Level 4-West, 1/1 Kookaburra Circuit, New Lambton Heights, NSW 2305, Australia
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