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Belo J, Valente-dos-Santos J, Pereira JR, Duarte-Mendes P, M. Gamonales J, Paulo R. Study of Body Composition and Motor Skills of Futsal Athletes of Different Competitive Levels. Sports (Basel) 2024; 12:137. [PMID: 38787006 PMCID: PMC11125764 DOI: 10.3390/sports12050137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to verify whether there are differences in the body composition, functionality, lower-limb power, agility, and cardiorespiratory capacity in futsal players, comparing futsal athletes by competitive level. The athletes (N = 84) were divided into three groups: group Elite (N = 29), group Sub-Elite (N = 29), and group Non-Elite (N = 26). Anthropometric variables were analyzed through a bioimpedance scale (Inbody 270), and functionality was analyzed through a functional movement screen battery. The power of the lower limbs was tested with the Abalakov jump, the agility with the zigzag agility test, and the cardiorespiratory capacity through the futsal intermittent endurance test. Anthropometric data from futsal athletes revealed a homogeneity in relation to the variables analyzed, regardless of the level of competition in which they operate. In performance variables, the power of the members and functionality was considered a discriminating factor of the level of competitiveness of the athletes, with the Elite group athletes presenting the best values. We concluded that there were no differences in relation to the body composition of the athletes. However, the athletes of higher levels, as a rule, present better performances in physiological aspects, results that can be explained by the fact that there is a better periodization in terms of training, with more intense loads and more complex competitive calendars, thus resulting in a greater specialization of these athletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Belo
- Physical Education and Exercise and Health, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Lusófona University, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal; (J.V.-d.-S.); (J.R.P.)
| | - João Valente-dos-Santos
- Physical Education and Exercise and Health, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Lusófona University, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal; (J.V.-d.-S.); (J.R.P.)
- CIDEFES—Research Center for Sport, Physical Education and Exercise and Health, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Lusófona University, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal
- COD—Center of Sports Optimization, Sporting Clube de Portugal, 1600-464 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - João R. Pereira
- Physical Education and Exercise and Health, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Lusófona University, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal; (J.V.-d.-S.); (J.R.P.)
- CIDEFES—Research Center for Sport, Physical Education and Exercise and Health, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Lusófona University, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal
- COD—Center of Sports Optimization, Sporting Clube de Portugal, 1600-464 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Pedro Duarte-Mendes
- Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, 6000-084 Castelo Branco, Portugal; (P.D.-M.); (R.P.)
- Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & INnovation CenTer, SPRINT, 2001-904 Santarém, Portugal
- Sport, Health & Exercise Research Unit (SHERU), Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, 6000-084 Castelo Branco, Portugal
| | - José M. Gamonales
- Training Optimization and Sports Performance Research Group (GOERD), Faulty of Sport Science, University of Extremadura, 10005 Cáceres, Spain;
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Francisco de Vitoria University, 28223 Madrid, Spain
- Doctoral Program in Education and Technology, Distance University of Madrid, 28400 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rui Paulo
- Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, 6000-084 Castelo Branco, Portugal; (P.D.-M.); (R.P.)
- Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & INnovation CenTer, SPRINT, 2001-904 Santarém, Portugal
- Sport, Health & Exercise Research Unit (SHERU), Polytechnic Institute of Castelo Branco, 6000-084 Castelo Branco, Portugal
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Spyrou K, Alcaraz PE, Martínez-Serrano A, Marín-Cascales E, Ferioli D, Contreras JPS, Ribeiro JN, Travassos B, Freitas TT. Exploring countermovement jump variables across competitive levels and playing positions in futsal. Front Sports Act Living 2024; 6:1371467. [PMID: 38463713 PMCID: PMC10920249 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2024.1371467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The aims of this study were to compare several countermovement jump (CMJ) kinetic variables between professional (PRO) and semi-professional (SEMI-PRO) futsal players and examine the differences amongst playing positions. Methods CMJ performance from 56 male futsal players (25.2 ± 4.8 years; weight: 74.4 ± 6.4 kg) was analysed. Players were separated into PRO (n = 29; 27.0 ± 4.4 years; 75.4 ± 6.0 kg) and SEMI-PRO (n = 27; 22.7 ± 4.3 years; 73.1 ± 6.8 kg), and according to playing position: defenders (n = 16; 25.4 ± 3.7 years; 75.2 ± 6.0 kg), wingers (n = 26; 23.5 ± 4.5 years; 72.0 ± 6.9 kg), and pivots (n = 14; 28.0 ± 5.6 years; 77.8 ± 4.3 kg). Linear mixed models and effect sizes were used for the analyses based on the mean of two jumps for each variable. Results PRO players presented a deeper center of mass (COM) displacement (p = 0.002, ES = 0.83), greater eccentric (Ecc) absolute (p = 0.019, ES = 0.61) and relative peak power (p = 0.046, ES = 0.52), and achieved greater Ecc peak velocities (p = 0.004, ES = 0.76) when compared to SEMI-PRO. Non-significant and trivial-to-small differences were observed in all the other CMJ variables according to the competitive level and playing position. Discussion Ecc capabilities (i.e., deeper COM displacement, greater Ecc absolute and relative peak power, and peak velocity) during vertical jump seem to differentiate PRO and SEMI-PRO players. However, CMJ variables do not discriminate amongst playing positions in futsal players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Spyrou
- UCAM Research Center for High Performance Sport, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Facultad de Deporte, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Strength and Conditioning Society, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pedro E. Alcaraz
- UCAM Research Center for High Performance Sport, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Facultad de Deporte, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Strength and Conditioning Society, Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonio Martínez-Serrano
- UCAM Research Center for High Performance Sport, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Facultad de Deporte, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Strength and Conditioning Society, Murcia, Spain
| | - Elena Marín-Cascales
- UCAM Research Center for High Performance Sport, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Facultad de Deporte, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Strength and Conditioning Society, Murcia, Spain
| | - Davide Ferioli
- UCAM Research Center for High Performance Sport, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | | | - João Nuno Ribeiro
- Research Center in Sports Science, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Bruno Travassos
- Research Center in Sports Science, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Department of Sport Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
- Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Tomás T. Freitas
- UCAM Research Center for High Performance Sport, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Facultad de Deporte, UCAM Universidad Católica de Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Strength and Conditioning Society, Murcia, Spain
- NAR Nucleus of High Performance in Sport, São Paulo, Brazil
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Sinkovic F, Novak D, Foretic N, Kim J, Subramanian SV. The plyometric treatment effects on change of direction speed and reactive agility in young tennis players: a randomized controlled trial. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1226831. [PMID: 37614761 PMCID: PMC10443219 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1226831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: The aim of this paper is to determine the effect of 6 weeks of plyometric training on speed, explosive power, pre-planned agility, and reactive agility in young tennis players. Methods: The participants in this study included 35 male tennis players (age 12.14 ± 1.3 years, height 157.35 ± 9.53 cm and body mass 45.84 ± 8.43 kg at the beginning of the experiment). The biological age was calculated and determined for all participants. 18 of the participants were randomly assigned to the control group, and 17 were assigned to the experimental group. Running speed (sprints at 5, 10, and 20 m), change of direction speed (4 × 10, 20 yards, t-test, TENCODS), reactive agility (TENRAG), and explosive power (long jump, single leg triple jump, countermovement jump, squat jump, and single leg countermovement jump) were all tested. The Mixed model (2 × 2) ANOVA was used to determine the interactions and influence of a training program on test results. Furthermore, Bonferroni post hoc test was performed on variables with significant time*group interactions. Results: The results of this research indicate that an experimental training program affected results in a set time period, i.e. 5 out of total 15 variables showed significant improvement after experimental protocol when final testing was conducted. The experimental group showed significantly improved results in the 5 m sprint test in the final testing phase compared to the initial testing phase, this was also the case in comparison to the control group in both measurements. Furthermore, the experimental group showed significant improvement in the single leg countermovement jump in the final test, as well as in comparison to the control group in both measurements. The change of direction speed and reactive agility test also exhibited significant improvement in the final testing phase of the experimental group. Conclusion: The results of this research indicated that a 6-week program dominated by plyometric training can have a significant effect on the improvement of specific motor abilities within younger competitive categories. These results offer valuable insights for coaches in designing diverse tennis-specific scenarios to enhance overall performance, particularly focusing on the neuromuscular fitness of their players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Sinkovic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dario Novak
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nikola Foretic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Jinseo Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Graduate School of Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S. V. Subramanian
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
- Harvard Center for Population and Development Studies, Cambridge, MA, United States
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Friebe D, Hülsdünker T, Giesche F, Banzer W, Pfab F, Haser C, Vogt L. Reliability and Usefulness of the SKILLCOURT as a Computerized Agility and Motor-Cognitive Testing Tool. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2023; 55:1265-1273. [PMID: 36878188 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000003153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Agility and cognitive skills are essential in sports. However, standardized agility assessment tools often lack a reactive component, and cognitive assessments are performed using computer-based or paper-pencil tests. The SKILLCOURT is a newly developed testing and training device allowing agility and cognitive assessments in a more ecologically valid setting. This study evaluated the reliability and sensitivity to changes in performance (usefulness) of the SKILLCOURT technology. METHODS In a test-retest (7 d, 3 months) design, 27 healthy adults (♀ = 12; age, 24.9 ± 3.3 yr) performed three trials of agility (Star Run, Random Star Run) and motor-cognitive tests (1-back, 2-back, executive function). Absolute and relative intersession and intrasession reliability was determined using the intraclass coefficient (ICC) and coefficient of variation (CV). A repeated-measures ANOVA was applied to identify potential learning effects between trials and test sessions. The smallest worthwhile change and typical error (TE) were calculated to investigate the intrasession and intersession usefulness of the tests. RESULTS Agility tests revealed good relative and absolute intersession (ICC, 83-0.89; CV, 2.7%-4.1%) and intrasession (ICC, 7-0.84; CV, 2.4%-5.5%) reliability accompanied by adequate usefulness from test day 3 onward. Motor-cognitive tests showed good relative intersession reliability (ICC, 0.7-0.77) with marginal CV values (4.8%-8.6%). Adequate intrasession reliability and usefulness can be assumed from test day 2 (1-back test, executive function test) and day 3 (2-back test) onward. For all tests, learning effects were observed within and compared with test day 1. CONCLUSIONS The SKILLCOURT is a reliable diagnostic tool for assessing reactive agility and motor-cognitive performance. Because of learning effects, sufficient familiarization with the tests is required when used for diagnostic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Friebe
- Division of Preventive and Sports Medicine, Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt/Main, Goethe University, Frankfurt, GERMANY
| | | | - Florian Giesche
- Division of Preventive and Sports Medicine, Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe-University Frankfurt/Main, Goethe University, Frankfurt, GERMANY
| | | | - Florian Pfab
- Medical Department Eintracht Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, GERMANY
| | - Christian Haser
- Medical Department Eintracht Frankfurt, Frankfurt/Main, GERMANY
| | - Lutz Vogt
- Department of Sports Medicine and Exercise Physiology, Goethe University Frankfurt/Main, GERMANY
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Sinkovic F, Novak D, Foretic N, Zemková E. The Effects of Biological Age on Speed-Explosive Properties in Young Tennis Players. J Funct Morphol Kinesiol 2023; 8:jfmk8020048. [PMID: 37092380 PMCID: PMC10123721 DOI: 10.3390/jfmk8020048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Biological maturity can affect performance on motor tests, thus young players can have advantages or disadvantages during testing by being more or less mature than their peers of the same chronological age. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of biological age on speed, agility, and explosive power in young tennis players. Fifty tennis players (age 12.3 ± 1.2 years, height 156.7 ± 12.8 cm, body mass 45.9 ± 8.9 kg) who were ranked up to 50th place in the ranking of the National Tennis Association, as well as up to 300th place on the international "Tennis Europe" ranking, participated in the study. They were divided into three groups according to their maturation status, that is, the peak height velocity (PHV) maturity offset: pre-PHV [<0] (n = 10); circa-PHV [0 to 1] (n = 10); and post-PHV [>1.5] (n = 25). They performed tests of speed (5, 10, and 20 m sprints), agility (20 yards, 4 × 10 yards, T-test, TENCODS, and TENRAG), and explosive power (countermovement jump, one-leg countermovement jump, squat jump, long jump, and one-leg triple jump). Results showed significantly higher height of the vertical jump in the post-PHV group compared to the pre-PHV group, in the range of ~16% to ~27%. Moreover, linear and change of direction speed was significantly faster in the post-PHV group compared to the pre-PHV group, in the range of ~5% to ~8%. Height of the squat jump and speed in the T-test were significantly better in the post-PHV group compared to the circa-PHV group, in the range of ~7% to ~15%, while height of the single-leg triple jump was significantly higher in the circa-PHV group compared to the pre-PHV group by ~7%. This study showed that tennis players of older biological age achieve better results in almost all variables of speed, agility, and explosive power compared to players of younger biological age. Coaches should be aware of the differences found in physical performance and consider the practical implications that maturation can have in the long-term development of young tennis players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Sinkovic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dario Novak
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nikola Foretic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia
| | - Erika Zemková
- Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, Comenius University in Bratislava, 814 69 Bratislava, Slovakia
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius in Trnava, 917 01 Trnava, Slovakia
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Ismail SI, Nunome H, Lysdal FG, Kersting UG, Tamura Y. Futsal playing surface characteristics significantly affect perceived traction and change of direction performance among experienced futsal players. Sports Biomech 2022:1-12. [PMID: 36342420 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2022.2143415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to clarify the effect of different futsal playing surface structural properties on the resultant change of direction (COD) performance, perceived traction and frictional properties. Twenty experienced male university soccer players performed a COD slalom-course test and perceived traction evaluation on three different types of playing surfaces (area-elastic: AE, point-elastic no.1: PE1 and point-elastic no.2: PE2). Frictional properties of these surfaces were mechanically evaluated against a futsal shoe, using a hydraulic moving force platform, and expressed as available friction coefficient (AFC). In the COD performance test, the participants performed significantly better on the point-elastic surfaces (PE1 and PE2) when compared to the area-elastic surface (AE) (p < 0.05). Also, the PE2 surface was found to have the highest perceived traction (p < 0.001). The findings suggest that the relatively higher (4%) AFC explains the improvement in performance and traction perception on the PE2 surface. In this study, we successfully demonstrated that the structural difference (AE or PE) of futsal playing surface has a significant impact on the COD performance of experienced futsal players and their perceived level of traction (PE2) and the frictional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shariman Ismadi Ismail
- Faculty of Sports Science and Recreation, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia
| | - Hiroyuki Nunome
- Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Filip Gertz Lysdal
- Sport Sciences, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Uwe Gustav Kersting
- Sport Sciences, Department of Health Science and Technology, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Institute of Biomechanics and Orthopaedics, German Sport University Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Yuji Tamura
- Faculty of Sports and Health Science, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Doewes RI, Elumalai G, Azmi SH. DEVELOPMENT OF A TEST INSTRUMENT TO MEASURE THE BASIC PASS TECHNIQUE IN FUTSAL. REV BRAS MED ESPORTE 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1517-8692202228052022_0093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction: The passing technique requires a high skill level because the futsal field is narrow, and the distance between players is short, demanding strength and accuracy. An instrument of performance test is necessary to verify the evolution of this technique among the players. Objective: This study aims to develop a test instrument to measure the performance of futsal passing. Methods: Instrument preparation and reliability validity tests were applied in 120 athletes. Results: The results evidenced validity in the instrument with one minute passing time; that is, pass one is 0.855, and pass two is 0.857. The reliability value of the first Pass is 0.81, and the second Pass is 0.812. Conclusion: The development of the pass test tool is valid and reliable for its use in measuring the basic passing technique in soccer. Evidence Level II; Therapeutic Studies – Investigating the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rumi Iqbal Doewes
- University Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Malaysia; University Sebelas Maret, Indonesia
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Mendes D, Travassos B, Carmo JM, Cardoso F, Costa I, Sarmento H. Talent Identification and Development in Male Futsal: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:10648. [PMID: 36078360 PMCID: PMC9517923 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191710648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
This review aimed to identify and synthesize the most significant literature addressing talent identification and development in futsal. A systematic review of Web of Science™ (all databases), Scopus, PubMed and SPORTDiscus databases was performed according to the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses guidelines. This study included original articles in English, Spanish or Portuguese containing relevant data on talent development/identification of male futsal players. The search yielded 238 articles. After screening, a total of 32 manuscripts were fully reviewed. The quality of the data reviewed was generally good. Results indicate that the most successful players exhibit technical, tactical, anthropometric, physiological and psychological advantages and are distinguished from lower-level players based on their earlier dedication to training. This review highlights the need for those involved in the process of identifying and developing talented futsal players to consider the technical and tactical skills of futsal players, along with their anthropometric and physiological characteristics, scaled to age. Finally, special attention should be paid to the supportive psychosocial environments created in sports academies for developing futsal players. Overall, talent identification and development programmes in futsal need to be dynamic and offer the possibility of changing assessment parameters in the long term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diogo Mendes
- University of Coimbra, Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF), Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, 3000-370 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bruno Travassos
- Research Center in Sports Sciences, Health Sciences and Human Development (CIDESD), Department of Sport Sciences, Universidade da Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
- Portugal Football School, Portuguese Football Federation, 1495-433 Cruz Quebrada-Dafundo, Portugal
| | - José M. Carmo
- University of Coimbra, Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF), Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, 3000-370 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Felippe Cardoso
- Department of Physical Education, Centre of Research and Studies in Soccer (NUPEF), Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Israel Costa
- Núcleo de Pesquisa e Estudos em Futebol, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Hugo Sarmento
- University of Coimbra, Research Unit for Sport and Physical Activity (CIDAF), Faculty of Sport Sciences and Physical Education, 3000-370 Coimbra, Portugal
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Büchel D, Gokeler A, Heuvelmans P, Baumeister J. Increased Cognitive Demands Affect Agility Performance in Female Athletes - Implications for Testing and Training of Agility in Team Ball Sports. Percept Mot Skills 2022; 129:1074-1088. [PMID: 35703458 PMCID: PMC9301166 DOI: 10.1177/00315125221108698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Agility, a key component of team ball sports, describes an athlete´s ability to move fast
in response to changing environments. While agility requires basic cognitive functions
like processing speed, it also requires more complex cognitive processes like working
memory and inhibition. Yet, most agility tests restrict an assessment of cognitive
processes to simple reactive times that lack ecological validity. Our aim in this study
was to assess agility performance by means of total time on two agility tests with matched
motor demands but with both low and high cognitive demands. We tested 22 female team
athletes on SpeedCourt, using a simple agility test (SAT) that measured only processing
speed and a complex agility test (CAT) that required working memory and inhibition. We
found excellent to good reliability for both our SAT (ICC = .79) and CAT (ICC =.70). Lower
agility performance on the CAT was associated with increased agility total time and split
times (p < .05). These results demonstrated that agility performance
depends on the complexity of cognitive demands. There may be interference-effects between
motor and cognitive performances, reducing speed when environmental information becomes
more complex. Future studies should consider agility training models that implement
complex cognitive stimuli to challenge athletes according to competitive demands. This
will also allow scientists and practitioners to tailor tests to talent identification,
performance development and injury rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Büchel
- Exercise Science & Neuroscience Unit, Department Sports & Health, 26578Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Alli Gokeler
- Exercise Science & Neuroscience Unit, Department Sports & Health, 26578Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Pieter Heuvelmans
- Exercise Science & Neuroscience Unit, Department Sports & Health, 26578Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany
| | - Jochen Baumeister
- Exercise Science & Neuroscience Unit, Department Sports & Health, 26578Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany
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Generic motor abilities and anthropometrics are poorly related to futsal-specific agility performance; multiple regression analysis in professional players. BIOMEDICAL HUMAN KINETICS 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/bhk-2022-0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study aim: This study aimed to evaluate predictors of futsal-specific change-of-direction speed and futsal-specific reactive agility in professional male futsal players.
Material and methods: The players (n=75) studied were members of seven futsal teams that competed at the highest national level in Croatia and in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The predictors in this study included measures of generic power, speed, agility, and anthropometrics. The univariate and multivariate relationships among the predictors and the criteria (futsal-specific change-of-direction speed and futsal-specific reactive agility) were assessed by using Pearson’s correlations and multiple regression analysis, respectively.
Results: The predictors were poorly related to the different facets of agility (all trivial to moderate correlations). Multiple regression models were not successfully cross-validated for any of the types of agility performance.
Conclusion: Generic power, speed, agility, and anthropometrics are not valid predictors of futsal-specific change-of-direction speed and futsal-specific reactive agility. As these futsal performances were used to mimic real-game situations in futsal, these findings suggest that superiority in generic motor abilities and anthropometrics may not have a significant effect on performance in futsal matches.
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JUNAIDI J, SOBARNA AS, APRIYANTO TA, APRIANTONO TA, WINATA BW, FAHMI MF, INAROTA LI. Effects of cold-water immersion to aid futsal athlete’s recovery after exercise induced muscle damage. GAZZETTA MEDICA ITALIANA ARCHIVIO PER LE SCIENZE MEDICHE 2021. [DOI: 10.23736/s0393-3660.20.04431-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Frias Bocanegra JM, Fong DTP. Playing surface traction influences movement strategies during a sidestep cutting task in futsal: implications for ankle performance and sprain injury risk. Sports Biomech 2021; 21:380-390. [PMID: 34581653 DOI: 10.1080/14763141.2021.1980606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
This descriptive laboratory crossover trial study examined the intervention of high friction synthetic vs lower friction natural sport surfaces on the ankle joint biomechanics in a sidestep cutting task. Twenty-nine male futsal players performed 5 trials of sidestep cutting task in a laboratory, recorded by an 18-camera motion capture system to obtain the ankle joint orientation, velocity and moment. Utilised friction was obtained by the peak ratio of the horizontal to vertical ground reaction force during the stance. Repeated measures (MANOVA) suggested a significant effect of the playing surface and post hoc paired t-tests revealed significantly higher utilised coefficient of friction, higher peak plantarflexion angle, lower peak eversion angle, higher peak inversion velocity, lower peak inversion moment and higher peak internal rotation moment. In performing a sidestep cutting task, futsal players demonstrated higher utilised ground friction when available friction from the playing surface was higher, resulting in higher peak inversion velocity and higher peak internal rotation moment, which may make the ankle joint more prone to sprain injury. Floorings for futsal should have an adequate coefficient of friction for agility and avoidance of the risk of slipping. Increasing the coefficient of friction may not only enhance performance but also endanger the ankle joint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose M Frias Bocanegra
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Daniel T P Fong
- National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
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Bezerra GJDS, Gomes EDS, Correia-Oliveira CR. Caffeine Ingestion Affects Performance in Different Parts of a Novel Multidirectional High-Intensity Intermittent Exercise in Futsal Athletes. J Am Coll Nutr 2021; 41:149-156. [PMID: 33497293 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2020.1852450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Objective: No study has analyzed the effects of caffeine ingestion on performance during a multidirectional high-intensity intermittent exercise. Thus, we aimed to investigate the effects of caffeine ingestion during a novel repeated agility test in futsal athletes.Methods: Using a double-blind, counterbalanced, and repeated-measures design, ten athletes (mass 71.2 ± 8.7 kg, height 1.77 ± 0.05 m, body mass index 22.7 ± 1.9 km/m2, body fat percentage 10.2 ± 3.7%) performed a novel repeated-bout agility test 60 min after ingesting 6 mg · kg-1 of caffeine or cellulose (placebo).Results: Performance time decreased progressively throughout the trial in both conditions (P = 0.01; ηp2 = 0.66), with a significant interaction effect (P = 0.01; ηp2 = 0.35) showing a potential beneficial effect of caffeine at the beginning, followed by a decrease at the end of the test. Furthermore, magnitude of decrease in performance was more pronounced in caffeine (-9.0 ± 5.7%) compared with placebo (-4.7 ± 3.9%, P = 0.01; d = 0.88). Interestingly, magnitude-based inferences revealed a possible benefit (70%) of caffeine at the beginning, followed by likely (93%) to very likely (96%) impairments in performance during the last third of the test. Heart rate and rating of perceived effort increased in both conditions over the time (P < 0.05), with similar values between experimental conditions (P > 0.05).Conclusion: Caffeine seems to have a potential beneficial effect at the beginning, with an impaired performance during the final third of a new multidirectional high-intensity intermittent exercise in futsal athletes.
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Peric I, Spasic M, Novak D, Ostojic S, Sekulic D. Pre-Planned and Non-Planned Agility in Patients Ongoing Rehabilitation after Knee Surgery: Design, Reliability and Validity of the Newly Developed Testing Protocols. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:diagnostics11010146. [PMID: 33478145 PMCID: PMC7835766 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11010146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Due to its association with the risk of falling and consequent injury, the importance of agility is widely recognized, but no study so far has examined the different facets of agility in an untrained/clinical population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability, validity, and correlates of newly developed tests of non-planned agility (NPA) and pre-planned agility (PPA) in an untrained/clinical sample. Methods: The sample comprised 38 participants older than 40 years (22 females, age: 56.1 ± 17.3 years, height: 170.4 ± 10.8 cm, mass: 82.54 ± 14.79 kg) who were involved in a rehabilitation program following total knee arthroplasty and knee arthroscopy. Variables included age, gender, type of surgery, history of fall, anthropometrics/body composition, and newly developed tests of NPA and PPA. Results: The results showed the high inter-testing- (ICC > 0.95, CV < 9%), and intra-testing-reliability (ICC > 0.96, CV < 9) of the newly developed tests. PPA and NPA were found to be valid in differentiation between age groups (>50 yrs. vs. <50 yrs.), and genders, with better performance in younger participants and males. Only NPA differentiated participants according to type of surgery, with better performance in those who had arthroscopic surgery, than those who had total knee arthroplasty. No differences in NPA and PPA were established between groups based on fall-history. In females, the body mass (Pearson’s r = 0.58 and 0.59, p < 0.001) and body fatness (Pearson’s r = 0.64 and 0.66, p < 0.001) were negatively correlated, while the lean body mass (Pearson’s r = 0.70 and 0.68, p < 0.001) was positively correlated with PPA and NPA. The NPA and PPA were highly correlated (Pearson’s r = 0.98, p < 0.001). Conclusions: We found that the proposed tests are reliable when evaluating agility characteristics in an untrained/clinical population after knee arthroplasty/arthroscopy. Further evaluation of the specific validity of the proposed tests in other specific subsamples is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Peric
- Faculty of Dental Medicine and Health, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 31000 Osijek, Croatia;
| | - Miodrag Spasic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (M.S.); (D.N.)
| | - Dario Novak
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (M.S.); (D.N.)
- Institute for Anthropological Research, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Sergej Ostojic
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Damir Sekulic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (M.S.); (D.N.)
- Correspondence:
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Sekulic D, Pojskic H, Zeljko I, Pehar M, Modric T, Versic S, Novak D. Physiological and Anthropometric Determinants of Performance Levels in Professional Futsal. Front Psychol 2021; 11:621763. [PMID: 33510696 PMCID: PMC7835319 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.621763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an evident lack of studies examining the pursuit of excellence in futsal. The aims of this study were to evaluate anthropometric and physiological variables that may contribute to distinguishing among performance levels in professional futsal players and to evaluate correlates of those variables. The participants were 75 male professionals (age = 25.1 ± 5.1 years, body height = 182.3 ± 6.2 cm, body mass = 80.8 ± 10.4 kg), who were divided into performance levels using two criteria: (i) starters (first teams) vs. non-starters (substitutes) and (ii) top-level players (members of the national team and players who participated in top-level team competition in Europe) vs. high-level players (team players competing at the highest national competitive rank). Variables included anthropometrics (body height and mass, BMI, body fat percentage), generic tests of physiological capacities [5- and 10-m sprints, countermovement jump, broad jump, 20-yard test, reactive strength index (RSI)], and futsal-specific fitness tests [kicking speed by dominant and non-dominant leg, futsal-specific tests of change of direction speed, and reactive agility (FSRAG) involving/not involving dribbling the ball]. Top-level players outperformed high-level players in RSI, broad jump, kicking speed, and FSRAG involving dribbling. Starters achieved better results than non-starters in fewer variables, including kicking speed and RSI. Body fat percentage negatively influenced FSRAG involving dribbling, and RSI. FSRAG, RSI, and kicking speed were significantly correlated, indicating the similar physiological background of these capacities. The findings suggest that enhanced reactive strength and the ability to rapidly change direction speed in response to external stimulus while executing futsal-specific motor tasks (e.g., dribbling), along with players' ability to kick the ball speedily, can be considered essential qualities required for advanced performance in futsal. Consequently, futsal strength and conditioning training should be targeted toward lowering relative body fat, maximizing lower-body reactive strength and including futsal-specific skills (e.g., dribbling, shooting) in reactive agility drills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damir Sekulic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Haris Pojskic
- Department of Sports Sciences, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Ivan Zeljko
- Faculty of Science and Education, University of Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Miran Pehar
- Faculty of Science and Education, University of Mostar, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Toni Modric
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Sime Versic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Dario Novak
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia.,Institute for Anthropological Research, Zagreb, Croatia
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Spyrou K, Freitas TT, Marín-Cascales E, Alcaraz PE. Physical and Physiological Match-Play Demands and Player Characteristics in Futsal: A Systematic Review. Front Psychol 2020; 11:569897. [PMID: 33240157 PMCID: PMC7677190 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.569897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Futsal, also known as five-a-side indoor soccer, is a team-sport that is becoming increasingly popular. In fact, the number of futsal-related investigations is growing in recent years. This review aimed to summarize the scientific literature addressing the match-play demands from the following four dimensions: time-motion/external load analysis and physiological, neuromuscular, and biochemical responses to competition. Additionally, it aimed to describe the anthropometric, physiological, and neuromuscular characteristics of elite and sub-elite male futsal players, contemplating the differences between competition levels. The literature indicates that elite futsal players cover greater total distance with higher intensities and perform a greater number of sprints during match-play when compared to sub-elite players. The physiological demands during competition are high (average intensity of ≥85% maximal heart rate and ~80% maximum oxygen uptake [VO2max]), with decrements between the two halves. Research suggests that neuromuscular function decreased and hormonal responses increased up to 24 h after the match. Considering anthropometric characteristics, players present low percentage of body fat, which seems commonplace among athletes from different on-court positions and competition levels. Elite players display greater values and at VO2max with respect to sub-elite competitors. Little is known regarding elite and sub-elite futsal players' neuromuscular abilities (strength, jumping, sprinting, and change of direction [COD]). However, it appears that elite players present better sprinting abilities compared to lower-level athletes. Futsal players aiming to compete at the highest level should focus on developing maximal speed, lower-body power and strength, aerobic capacity, and lean muscle mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantinos Spyrou
- UCAM Research Center for High Performance Sport, Catholic University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Tomás T. Freitas
- UCAM Research Center for High Performance Sport, Catholic University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- NAR – Nucleus of High Performance in Sport, São Paulo, Brazil
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Catholic University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Elena Marín-Cascales
- UCAM Research Center for High Performance Sport, Catholic University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Pedro E. Alcaraz
- UCAM Research Center for High Performance Sport, Catholic University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Catholic University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
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Fitness profiles of professional futsal players: identifying age-related differences. BIOMEDICAL HUMAN KINETICS 2020. [DOI: 10.2478/bhk-2020-0027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Summary
Study aim: The aim of this study was to determine the fitness profiles of senior and junior futsal players and to identify potential differences between the studied age groups.
Materials and methods: 44 male futsal players from 5 professional futsal teams participated in this study. Subjects were divided into two age groups (seniors [>18 years; n = 26] vs juniors [<18 years of age; n = 18]). Players were tested for anthropometrics (body mass, body height and body fat percentage), jumping capacity (countermovement jump and standing broad jump), kicking speed (for dominant and non-dominant leg), sprinting capacity (5- and 10-meter sprints), 20-yard test, futsal-specific reactive agility, and futsal-specific change-of-direction speed tests.
Results: No significant differences between age groups were apparent for anthropometrics. Seniors achieved better results than juniors in tests of kicking speed, for both the dominant (106.81 ± 6.94 km/h and 100.94 ± 5.33 km/h, respectively, t-test: 3.02 [p < 0.001], Cohen’s d: 1.02) and nondominant leg (95.54 ± 8.57 km/h and 85.28 ± 8.71 km/h, respectively, t-test: 3.88 [p < 0.001], Cohen’s d: 1.25).
Conclusions: Seniors did not achieve significantly better results than juniors in most of the observed variables. Since the maximum biological maturity occurs up to 18 years, and studied juniors were in their late adolescence, we can assume that differences between groups are related to other indices (i.e. technical skills, tactical knowledge).
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Krolo A, Gilic B, Foretic N, Pojskic H, Hammami R, Spasic M, Uljevic O, Versic S, Sekulic D. Agility Testing in Youth Football (Soccer)Players; Evaluating Reliability, Validity, and Correlates of Newly Developed Testing Protocols. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17010294. [PMID: 31906269 PMCID: PMC6981745 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17010294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Reactive agility (RAG) and change of direction speed (CODS) are important determinants of success in football (soccer), but there is an evident lack of information on reliable and valid football-specific testing procedures which will be applicable in defining sport-specific RAG and CODS in youth players. This study evaluated reliability and construct validity of newly developed tests of football-specific RAG (FS_RAG) and CODS (FS_CODS), which involved the ball kicking football technique. Additionally, factors associated with FS_RAG and FS_CODS were evaluated. The participants were youth football players (n = 59; age: 13.40 ± 1.25 years) divided according to their age into U13 (11–12 years of age; n = 29), and U15 (13–14 years of age; n = 30) categories. Additionally, performance levels (starters [first-team] vs. non-starters [substitutes]) were observed in each age category. The dependent variables were newly developed FS_RAG and FS_CODS tests. The independent variables were sprinting capacities over 10 and 20 meters (S10M, S20M), countermovement jump (CMJ), the reactive strength index (RSI), and a generic CODS test of 20 yards (20Y). The newly developed FS_CODS and FS_RAG were observed as dependent variables. Results showed appropriate intra-testing and inter-testing reliability of the FS_RAG and FS_CODS, with somewhat better reliability of the FS_CODS (ICC=0.82 and 0.79, respectively). Additionally, better reliability was evidenced in U15 than in U13 (ICC: 0.82–0.85, and 0.78-0.80 for U15 and U13, respectively). Independent samples t-test indicated significant differences between U13 and U15 in S10 (t-test: 3.57, p < 0.001), S20M (t-test: 3.13, p < 0.001), 20Y (t-test: 4.89, p < 0.001), FS_RAG (t-test: 3.96, p < 0.001), and FS_CODS (t-test: 6.42, p < 0.001), with better performance in U15. Starters outperformed non-starters in most capacities among U13, but only in FS_RAG among U15 (t-test: 1.56, p < 0.05). Multiple regression calculations indicated nonsignificant association between independent and dependent variables in U13 (FS_CODS: 19%, FS_RAG: 21% of the explained variance, both p > 0.05), but independent variables explained significant proportion of both dependent variables in U15 (FS_CODS: 35%, FS_RAG: 33% explained variance, both p < 0.05). The study confirmed the applicability of newly developed tests in distinguishing studied age categories of players. Results indicate that superiority in all studied fitness capacities is translated into performance level in U13. Meanwhile, FS_RAG seems to be important determinant of quality in U15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ante Krolo
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (A.K.); (B.G.); (N.F.); (M.S.); (O.U.); (S.V.); (D.S.)
| | - Barbara Gilic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (A.K.); (B.G.); (N.F.); (M.S.); (O.U.); (S.V.); (D.S.)
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nikola Foretic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (A.K.); (B.G.); (N.F.); (M.S.); (O.U.); (S.V.); (D.S.)
| | - Haris Pojskic
- Department of Sports Science, Linnaeus University, 39182 Kalmar, Sweden
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-73-956-1314
| | - Raouf Hammami
- Research Unit, Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, UR15JS01, High Institute of Sport and PhysicalEducation of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia;
| | - Miodrag Spasic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (A.K.); (B.G.); (N.F.); (M.S.); (O.U.); (S.V.); (D.S.)
| | - Ognjen Uljevic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (A.K.); (B.G.); (N.F.); (M.S.); (O.U.); (S.V.); (D.S.)
| | - Sime Versic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (A.K.); (B.G.); (N.F.); (M.S.); (O.U.); (S.V.); (D.S.)
| | - Damir Sekulic
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Split, 21000 Split, Croatia; (A.K.); (B.G.); (N.F.); (M.S.); (O.U.); (S.V.); (D.S.)
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